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Cultural Food Presentation:
Lebanese CuisineNadine Brown-Winter: 0978213
Caitlin Gepp: 8798222Sophie Gunn: 8580324
Lebanon
• Location: surrounded by Syria, Israel and the Mediterranean Sea.
• Population: Approximately 4 million (July 2012) with 87% living in urban regions.
• Official language is Arabic• 2 main religions: Muslim-60%, Christian-39%• 17 Religious sects recognised within the
Muslim and Christian denominations
Lebanese culture
• Lebanon was under Arab power from the 8th Century until the end of World War I
• The French took control from this time until Lebanon gained independence in 1943
• Both introduced different cultures and beliefs to Lebanon
• ‘Eating in Lebanon is tied to family’ and ‘people almost never eat alone’ (Arwiche 2013)
• This is common amongst both the Muslim and Christian populations of Lebanon
Lebanon and Australia
• 74 thousand Lebanese-born residents in Australia
• 350 thousand claim Lebanese ancestry• Three main waves of Lebanese migration
between 1880 and 1975• The Lebanese population within Australia are
most concentrated within the states of NSW and Victoria.
Influences on the Lebanese Diet: Location
• Small Mediterranean Country of only 10,452km²• Rugged terrain with very few rivers means only 30% of
land mass can support crop production.• Typical Mediterranean climate: mild to cool, wet
winters & hot, dry summers.• Not uncommon for Lebanese families to grow their
own fruit, vegetables and herbs.• Location of Lebanon has meant that its diet has been
influenced by many surrounding countries and cultures over time.
Influences on the Lebanese Diet: Culture & Religion
• Eating together as a family is very important in Lebanese culture• Religion has a major impact on how food is prepared as well as what
food can/can’t be eaten and when.• It is vital to acknowledge these religious influences which include:
Recognising appropriate food and beverages Serving a selection of meat and vegetarian foods on separate trays Providing a variety of non-alcoholic beverages If religion is Islamic then foods need to be Halal Islamic tradition does not allow for consumption of alcohol During Ramadam, Muslims do not eat or drink from break of dawn to sunset During Lent, Christians eat meatless dishes Checking individual requirements as some Muslim persons follow a vegetarian diet
• Antiochian Orthodox religion provides a fasting calendar which details food items that are to be abstained from and when.
Food Laws in Lebanon
• With 60% of religious people in Lebanon being Muslim, Halal food laws and regulations are very important in the Lebanese culture
• The laws of Halal are revealed in the Quran from God to Muhammad for all the people.
• Halal foods are those that are free from any component that Muslims are prohibited from consuming.
• These laws are intended to advance wellness• Halal means permissible and lawful. It applies not only to meat
and poultry, but also to other food products, cosmetics, and personal care products
(Riaz, Chaundry. 2004).
Food Laws in Lebanon• The following food products are not
considered to be Halal and therefore are Haram (unlawful) and unacceptable for Muslims to consume:
Carrion or dead animals Flowing or congealed blood Swine, including all by-products Animals slaughtered without pronouncing
the name of God on them Animals killed in a manner that prevents
their blood from being fully drained from their body
Animals slaughtered while pronouncing a name other than God
Intoxicants of all types, including alcohol and drugs
Carnivorous animals with fangs, such as lions, dogs, wolves, or tigers
Birds with sharp claws (birds of prey), such as falcons, eagles, owls, or vultures
Land animals such as frogs or snakes
• The rules of Halal food not only applies for Muslims living in Lebanon but is also relevant to Lebanese people who are part of the Islamic religion living in Australia or anywhere else in the world.
Meal Traditions• The tradition of coming
together as a family during meal times in the Lebanese culture is extremely important whether the families are part of Christian or Islamic religion.
• This tradition remains strong in the Lebanese culture today in contrast to the Australian culture where family meals are becoming less common.
Types of foods Traditional to Lebanon
Breads, cereals, rice, pasta, noodles• Burgal (cooked wheat)• Dried chickpeas• Fava beans• Fasolia beans• Dry yeast• Flour• rice
Fruit• Lemon• Melon• Strawberry• Pineapple• Apple• Pear• Banana• Orange• Pomegranate
Vegetables, legumes• Cauliflower• Tomato• Eggplant• Potato• Zucchini• Onion• Garlic• Lebanese cucumber• Broccoli
Meat, fish ,poultry, eggs, nuts, legumes
• Chicken• Beef• Lamb• Pistachio• Pecans• Almond• egg
Milk, cheese, yoghurt & alternatives
• Ackawi (white cheese)• Tzatziki (cucumber and yoghurt)• Shanklish (aged cheese balls)• Plain yoghurt• Whole milk• Butter
Essences & Syrups•Rose water•Orange blossom water•Pomegranate molasses
Fats and Oils• Olive oil
Beverages•Almaza (beer)•Arak•Ayran•Jallab•Ksara (famous wine)•Lebanese wine•Le caroubie ( non-alcoholic made from carob)•White coffee•Arabic coffee•Turkish coffee•Tahn
Condiments & Spices •Mint•Sumac (spice)•Zaatar (thyme mix)•Lebanese 7 spice•Mistika (Arabic gum)•Salt and pepper•Parsley•All spice•Garlic paste•Hummus•Labneh (dip)•Tahini paste
Labneh
Sumac
Zaatar (thyme mix)
HummusMint
Parsley
Typical Daily Eating Plan
Breakfast• Debes mixed with tahina with
pita bread• Labneh (cheese made from
yoghurt), olive oil, tomatoes, olives, mint and pita bread
Morning Break• Hummus with pita bread• Rtayer – pastry filled with
silver beet, onion, tomatoes, sumac and olive oil.
• Tahina and pita bread
Lunch• Kebabs• Falafel, lamb, chicken or
beef with hummus, tabouli or salad wrapped in Lebanese bread, pita.
Afternoon Break• Dried fruit balls• Zaatar and cheese plate• Fruit – jujubes (apple-like)
Dinner• Tabouleh • Dolmas-stuffed grape
leaves• Kibbeh- fried lamb balls• Chickpea salad• Stuffed zucchini • Fried cauliflower
Fried Cauliflower
Stuffed ZucchiniChickpea Salad
Tabouleh
Evening & Other Snacks•Baklava-pie•Sunflower seeds•Puslance turnovers (fatayer bel-bakleh)•Zaatar kaak
Comparison of diets
Mediterranean Australian
Conclusion
• Lebanon is a county of diverse geography and religion. It is essentially urbanized and its cuisine is Mediterranean.
• Lebanese- born Australians and their descendants have added their own healthy, unique flavours and ingredients to Australian cuisine whilst maintaining their individual tastes from the homeland.
• The Lebanese attitude to food is one of “family and togetherness”.• Religious rituals are followed by Muslims and Christians in relation
to meal times and types.• Australian climate and infrastructure ensures that the majority of
Lebanese food staples are available in Australia or able to be sourced via specialty food stores.
Reference list• Al Winn. (2004, ). Come here for cuisine, traditions: LEBANON edition. The Patriot - News, pp. B.01.• Bee Macguire. (1994, ). International CUISINE ON YOUR DOORSTEP; A taste of lebanon, india and indonesia: FINAL edition. The
Gazette, pp. D.1.BRE.• Consulate-General of Lebanon in Melbourne (2013). Lebanese in Australia: Facts and Figures. Retrieved from
http://www.lebaneseconsulate.com.au/lebanonOverview/facts.shtml• Countries and Their Cultures (2013)Retrieved from http://www.everyculture.com/Ja-Ma/Lebanon.html#b• Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Australian Government (2013). Lebanon Country Brief. Retrieved from
http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/lebanon/country_brief.html • Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Australian Government (2013). The Lebanon-born Community. Retrieved from http://
www.immi.gov.au/media/publications/statistics/comm-summ/textversion/lebanon.htm• Farah Naja, Lara Nasreddine, Leila Itani, Marie Claire Chamieh, Nada Adra, Abla Mehio Sibai, & Nahla Hwalla. (2011). Dietary
patterns and their association with obesity and sociodemographic factors in a national sample of lebanese adults. Public Health Nutrition, 14(9), 1570. doi:10.1017/S136898001100070X
• Helou, A. (1996, ). A healthy taste of lebanon: Anissa helou enthuses about the cuisine of her home country: London edition. Financial Times, pp. 15.
• Hwalla, N., & Tannous Dit El Khoury D. (2008) Wild-Type Food in Health Promotion and Disease Prevention: The Columbus Concept, Chapter 34: Lebanese Traditional Diets and Health Effects. Retrieved from http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-59745-330-1_34
• Iraqi cuisine makes its mark in lebanon's restaurants. (2011, ). Al - Shorfa• Juergensmeyer, M., & Clarke Root, W. (2007). Encyclopaedia of Global Religion. Doi: 10.4135/9781412997898• Riaz, M.N., & Chaundry, M.M.(2004). Halal Food & Production. Retrieved from http://books.google.com.au/books?
ibsn=0203490088• The Good Shepard: Australian Orthodox Mission (2013). Fasting Calendar. Retrieved from
ttp://www.australianorthodox.org.au/fasting-calendar• The World Factbook (2013)Retrieved from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/• Western Australian Government (2013). Culture and Religion Information Sheet: Lebanon. Retrieved from http://
www.omi.wa.gov.au/resources/publications/cr_diversity/islam.pdf
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