cst review. plato philosopher kings quote: “unless philosophers become kings in our cities, or...

CST REVIEW

Plato• Philosopher KingsQuote: “Unless philosophers become kings in our cities, or unless those who now are kings and rulers become true philosophers, so that political power and philosophic intelligence converge”

Aristotle

• Governments need to adhere to the law• “He who trusts any man with supreme power

gives it to a wild beast, for such his appetite sometimes makes him: passion influences those in power, even the best of men, but law is reason without desire”

• Laws are the Foundation of a stable nation.

Greeks

• Athens: Pericles a Greek leader believed in “Individual achievement, dignity, and worth are of great importance.” This fit in to being a responsible citizen within a state.

• The Roman system of law and citizenship included “Serving on Juries”

• Both Greek and Roman tradition heavily influenced modern western legal and political life

Judeo-Christian

• Monotheism Belief in one God (differed from Greco-Roman tradition which was polytheistic)

• Responsibility of Individual

Magna Carta

• ENGLAND 1215 • Limitations on power/king• Parliament shares power with king

Enlightenment

• John Locke-Natural Rights “All mankind... being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty or possessions.”

• Montesquieu-Separation of Powers

• Rousseau-Social Contract“Force does not constitute right... obedience is due only to legitimate powers.”

American Revolution

• Influenced by John Locke’s Natural Rights Theory

• Declaration of Independence• Constitution influenced many democratic

nations constitutions, has Bill of Rights based on English Bill of Rights.

English Bill of rights

• Follows Locke’s ideas• Limits monarchy • Parliament: Duel System, Upper and Lower

House.• Direct result of the Glorious Revolution

French Revolution

• Estates system• Tennis court oath• The terror• Bastille: popular protest mob rule• Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen• Napoleon rise of nationalism/spread• Concert of Europe and Congress of Vienna

suppressed nationalism with balance of power between monarchs

Simon Bolivar

• Influenced by American and French Revolutions

• Led Democratic revolution in South America.

Agricultural revolution

• Produced more food with less workers• Enclosure movement• Started in England

• Louis Pasteur: germ theory, healthier food longer stronger lives more children

Industrial Revolution: England first

• Population growth doubles mid 1800s• Urbanization• Labor unions (form in response to low wages bad

conditions)• Investment in machinery• Factors of production LLC• Charles Dickens• Created demand for natural resources and markets• Utopianism

Imperialism

• New markets materials• Scramble for Africa• Britain/France leaders• India “Jewel in the Crown”, Sepoy rebellion, Suez

“Lifeline of the Empire” India-Gandhi • India replaces US for cotton during U.S. civil war• “Missionary Zeal”, Social Darwinism and the idea

of “civilizing” native peoples with Christianity.

Colonies

• Sign of empires relative power

China

• Boxer rebellion anti-foreigners• Sun-Yat-Sen

Japan

• Based their constitution on the American Constitution.

• Industrialized in 1890s before other Asian nations.

WWI• Alliances • Propaganda• Nationalism• Militarism• Schlieffen plan-two front war• Stalemate, trench warfare war of attrition• East and Western front Somme and Marne river• Russian revolution –Brest-Litovsk, pull out of russia

from WWI • Ottomans slaughter of Armenians• US involvement ends war

Post WWI

• Versailles• League of Nations• 14 points• Disillusionment/ “lost generation” Gertrude

Stein• Break up of Austro-Hungarian empire

• Hemmingway and Picasso

Rise of Totalitarianism

• Cause of Russian rev. Bread riots, WWI and Tsar.

• Lenin/Stalin communist rise to power• Purges, gulags, five year plans, kulaks,

collvtivization command economy.

Fascism

• Germany, Italy, Spain, Japan (militarism) Industrial rise Rape of Nankng

• Appeasement • Alliances• Non-aggression pact (Stalin- Hitler )

Cuba

• Competition of influence