cscw – module 0 – page 1 p. dillenbourg & n. nova c s c w c omputer supported cooperative...
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CSCW – Module 0 – Page 1 P. Dillenbourg & N. Nova
CComputerSSupportedCCooperativeWWork
Prof. Pierre Dillenbourg
Nicolas Nova
CRAFT – I&C
CSCW – Module 0 – Page 2 P. Dillenbourg & N. Nova
Groupware
Same Place Different Places
Same Time
(synchronous)
Different Times
(asynchronous)
E-mail, news & forums, FAQs,
Blogs,community portails, reputation systems,voting systems, social navigation, …
Lotus Notes; project managment tools; workflow systems
Argumentation tools,
Single-display groupware;
Mixed reality enviornments
Chat, voice & videoconf.
Whiteboards, shared editors
Distributed games
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Example of argumentation tool: Belvedere
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Multi-User Game
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Single Display Groupware: KidPad
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Groupware (collecticiels): tools that support team collaborative process, from small teams to large communities
CSCW: the study concerned with groupware
• how to design groupware?
• how to implement it ?
• does it improve group performances?
• why is it adopted or rejected?
• …
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PHASE X
Maia Engeli
Example: Asynchronous Collaborative Workspace
http://space.arch.ethz.ch/ss99/index.phtml?layout=3&img_size=small&show=3&vm=ph
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Example of Mixed Reality Groupware:The Envisionment and Discovery Collaboratory
Gerhard FischerCenter for LifeLong Learning & Design (L3D) http://www.cs.colorado.edu/~l3d/Department of Computer Science and Institute of Cognitive ScienceUniversity of Colorado, Boulder
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CComputerSSupportedCCooperativeWWork
DesignDesign
Implementation
Implementation
AnalysisAnalysis
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Examples of designdesign issues
WYSISIS
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Non-WYSIWIS environments
require awareness tools
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Examples of designdesign issues
Visualizing group interactions
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E. Churchill et al,
FX Palo Alto Lab
Examples of designdesign issues:
Contextualizedchats
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Examples of designdesign issues
Roomware
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CComputerSSupportedCCooperativeWWork
DesignDesign
Implementation
Implementation
AnalysisAnalysis
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Technical features• Groupware architecture: automatically manage processes, interconnections, and communications: security, robustness, access control, … Client server versus peer-to-peer • Groupware abstractions: how to synchronize interaction events and the data model between processes as well as the views presented across displays• Development Tools• Session Management / access control: Mechanisms by which end-users create/join/leave ‘meetings’ and how access to these are restricted/controlled (e-g- “late comers”
Server
Client
Client
Client
Replica
Replica
Replica
Replica
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CComputerSSupportedCCooperativeWWork
DesignDesign
Implementation
Implementation
AnalysisAnalysis
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Example of Analysis
Interwoven turns do not damage chat dialogues
88.5 r1 H page sherlock but what about the gun?
88.8 Priv S 'Hercule which motive jealousy? He would have killed hans no?
89.3 Priv S 'Hercule he stole it when the colonel was in the bar
90.3 r1 H page sherlock Giuzeppe wanted to avoid that one discovers that the painting was fake.
HSSH turns (from Pair 11, translated )
43.5 Bar H Why does Heidi have a motive ?
43.6 Bar S How do you propose we should go further?
43.9 Bar H Should we merge our note books?
44.1 Bar S She said that she didn't like her (and Hans)
HSHS turns (from Pair 12 )
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Acknowledgment Delay:
Acknowledgment Rate:
MOO experiment, 20 pairs
39 sec
50%
59 sec.
34 %
Example of Analysis
Co-presence imparts on dialogueCo-presence imparts on dialogue
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A
B
C
VIDEO + AUDIO
A
B
C
AUDIO
Example of Analysis: Perceiving my partner’s emotions:
Is video better than audio ?
.62 .70
Ren
é G
lau
s (T
EC
FA),
oct
. 2
00
2
Question to A: Were you nervous ? 1 2 3 4 5 � � � � �Question to B: Was A nervous ? 1 2 3 4 5 � � � � �
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Belvedere
Example of Analysis: Perceiving my partner’s emotions:
Is video better than audio ?
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VideoSpace (Roussel, 2001)
I see what you see
I see you
+
Examples of designdesign issues
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This course is about the
user side of technology
In CSCW, the user is an organization
See the course. « Human-Computer Interaction » (P. Pu )
CSCW – Module 0 – Page 24 P. Dillenbourg & N. Nova
CSCW: Objectives
To analyze the impact of a groupware system on the cooperative processes. This requires constructing an experiment and analyzing team interactions with both qualitative
and quantitative data analysis techniques ( project 1)
To specify a groupware system that supports specific teamwork processes. This requires analyzing the process to be supported and understanding the relationship between groupware features (architecture and functionalities) and
cooperative processes. ( project 2)
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Part 1. Groupware AnalysisPart 1. Groupware Analysis26.10.2004 1. Coordinating teamwork
Coordination theory, workflows and WF-XML; standard groupware, knowledge management & project management.
PROJECT 1 Learning the experimental
environment, selecting the task and recruiting subjects
02.11.2004 2. Supporting organizations Institutional factors, resistance to change, innovation
management, community platforms, peer rating, networking environments (FOAF,…), reputation systems;…
Running four experiments D1: Data files with actions and
interactions
09.11.2004 3. Mediating informal communication Media spaces, opportunistic communication,
distributed teams
16.11.2004 4. Group Cognition Distributed cognition, group memory. WYSIWIS,
awareness tools, group mirrors, social-network analysis
Building a graphical representations of group interactions
D2: Group representation
23.11.2004 5. Methods for evaluation Experimental methodology; statistics: introduction to
inferential tests.
Analysing experimental data D3: Quantitative data analysis
30.11.2004 6. Dialogue Models Argumentation tools, semi-structured dialogue
interfaces, speech acts theory, turn-taking rules; conversational rules, dialogue grammars …
Dialogue analysis D4: Graphical representation of a
dialogue episode
07.12.2004 7. Shared understanding Psycholinguistics, grounding theories, why do pairs
learn better than individuals?
Analyzing grounding mechanisms D5: Measuring the acknowledgment
rate in the interactions files
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PR
OJE
CT 1
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PR
OJE
CT 1
Deliverables
1. Experiment (3 weeks)• Find 4 pairs• Run 3 experiments in settings 1• Run 3 experiments in settings 2• D1: Raw data
2. D2: Graphical representation of group interactions3. D3: Quantitative comparison of settings 1 and 24. D4: Qualitative dialogue analysis5. D5: Measuring grounding effort
Report.doc = D1 + D2 + D3 + D4 + D5 + Synthesis = 6 pages
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PR
OJE
CT 1
Using a groupware environment
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Part 2. Roomware DesignPart 2. Roomware Design14.12.2004 8. Design methodology
Usability testing, ethnographical methods, participatory design, contextual inquiry.
PROJECT 2Designing a collaboration table D1: Table shape
21.12.2004 9. Physical collaboration Embodiment, single-display
groupware, roomware, tangibles, phidgets, multi-input device, context aware
Building the table
11.01.2005 10. Nomadic Teams Context awareness; locative devices ;
spatial coordination; proxemics; …
Running experiments with a plastic whiteboard and laptops D2: Videotapes of group interactions
18.01.2005 11. Groupware ArchitecturesArchitectures and development platforms
Designing a groupware for the task & tables
25.01.2005 Finalizing project 2 D3: Paper mock-up of the roomware
01.02.2005 Presenting project 2
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PR
OJE
CT 2
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whiteboard
video P
RO
JEC
T 2
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PR
OJE
CT 2
Deliverables
1. D1: Table Shape2. D2: VideoTape3. D3: Roomware Mock-Up
Presenting D3
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Other Course Info
• Pierre.Dillenbourg@epfl.ch
• Nicolas.Nova@epfl.ch
• 6 credits significant workload• Mark :
– 60 % : Project 1 (report)– 40 % : Project 2 (presentation)
• Projects: groups of 3• Course
– Lectures: Tuesday 08:15 10:00– Exercices: Tuesday 10:15 12:00 <to be discussed>
• Use the TeamFrame environments (Also accessible on IPAQs)• For next week: mail to Nicolas Team = 3 X [name + sciper # + email]
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