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C iCountry report on rice cultivation practice: Thailandcultivation practice: Thailand

Amnat Chidthaisong, Kanittha Kanokkanjana, SavitriGarivait, Sebastian Bonnet and Sirinthornthep Towprayoon

Expert Meeting, 2‐3 June 2011B k k Th il dBangkok, Thailand 

1

Rice cultivation area 1998-2008

11000 Total

9000

10000Rainfed

ha)

6000

7000

8000

rea

(100

0 h

4000

5000

6000

Rice

fiel

d ar

2000

3000Irrigated

R

1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

1000

YearYear

deep‐water rice 

Irrigated riceIrrigated rice

Wassmann et al., 2009b

Rainfed riceRainfed rice

Wassmann et al., 2009b

Yield vs. Ecotypes

Rainfed rice Irrigated rice

9200

Rice planting area

3 5

4.0

2000

2200

Planting area Harvest area

5.0

9000

0 ha

)

3.0

3.5

Yied (ton/ha)

1800

000

ha)

4 6

4.8 Yied (ton/ha)

8600

8800

field

are

a (1

00

2.5

d (to

n/ha

)

Yied (ton/ha)

1400

1600

y fie

ld a

rea

(1

4.4

4.6

8400Rice harvest areaPa

ddy

2.0Y

ield

1200

1400

Padd

y4.2

8000

8200

1 0

1.5

1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

1000

4.0

1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 20088000

Year

1.0

Year

Typical rice cultivation cycle in Thailand

1. Land preparationpreparation

Straw management

Crop rotationVariety selection

Straw management &

Utilization

2. Seeding & Planting3. Harvesting & Planting

Irrigation, fertilization, weeds & pest controlsWater drainage

1 Land preparation1. Land preparation

HarrowingHarrowing

2 Seeding & Planting2. Seeding & Planting

Pre‐germinated broadcasting rice:96.47% in second rice and 28.85% in major rice (2009) 

Parachutingg

Rice variety: Major riceMajor rice production in 2007 (ton) Cultivation area of Major rice in 2007 (ha)

Supanburi Supanburi

0%

Local varities9%

Klaung Loung

0%

0%Patumtani 1

5%

Supanburi1 9%

Local varities10%

Offi i lChainat 1

6%

Klaung Loung

0%

Patumtani 13%

Supanburi1 5%

Kao-Kho 1523%

Jusmine rice 25%

Chainat 18% Kao-Kho 15

27%Jusmine rice

31%

Official Varities 2

10%

6%

Kao-Kho 6 2%

Supanburi Official

Varities 1

Official Varities 2

13% Kao-Kho 6 3%

Supanburi

Official Varities 1

4%

60,90 2%

Varities 1 4% 60,90

1%

Rice variety: Second riceRice variety: Second riceCultivation area of Second rice in 2007 Second rice production in 2007 (ton)Cultivation area of Second rice in 2007

(ha)

ไ ่ Supanburi 60 90

Second rice production in 2007 (ton)

Kao-Kho 10

Kao-Kho กข.ไม่ไว

แสง

Supanburi 60,90 5%

S b i

Kao-Kho 102%

Kao-Kho กข.ไม่ไวแสง

8%

Supanburi 60,90 5%

103% 8% Official

Varities 2 20%

Supanburi1

30% Official Varities 2

20%Chainat 1 2Patumtani 1

Supanburi1 31%

Pisanuloke 1,2Chainat

1 2Supanburi

1%

Patumtani 1

12%Pisanuloke 1,2

Chainat 1,218%13%

2%1,219%

1%12% 2%Supanburi 1%

FertilizationCultivation method Basal Fertilizer

Type or N-P-K (kg/ha), timing of applying fertilizer after

Topdressing FertilizerType or N-P-K (kg/ha), timing of applying fertilizer after

planting plantingTransplanting 16-16-8 (125) AS (187.5), 20 days

CMP (630) Urea (93.75), 64 daysTransplantingSeedlingPlanting

Manure/Compost (5000)16-16-8 (100)

16-16-8 (NA), 15 daysUrea 46-0-0 (40), flowering

1) Photoperiod-sensitive2) Photoperiod-insensitive

16-16-8 (156), -1-0 day or 15 daysor AS (156) and KCl (30-60), 1 0 d 15 d

or AS (21-0-0) (78.75), floweringUrea 46-0-0 (78), flowering

AS (21 0 0) (156 25)-1-0 day or 15 days16-16-8 (187.5), -1-0 day or 15 days

AS (187 5) d KCl (3 6)

or AS (21-0-0) (156.25), flowering

or AS (187.5) and KCl (3-6), -1-0 day or 15 days

BroadcastingP e e i ted eed 16 20 0 (137 5) 15 dPre-germinated seed broadcasting

- 16-20-0 (137.5), 15 daysUrea (18.75), 15 daysUrea (39), 57 days

lime is applied for 3 bags/rai (5 kg/bag, or 94 kg/ha) 

3 Harvesting3. Harvesting

Rice straw production, DEDE 2009

Rotation croppCrotalaria juncea

Crotalaria juncea

Canavalia ensiformis

Maize‐Rice rotation

Socio economic aspectsSocio‐economic aspectsf

25,000 

Cost of Major rice

20,000 

Variable cost (baht/ha)

10,000 

15,000 Fixed cost (baht/ha)

Total cost (baht/ha)

5,000 

0 

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

OAE, 2010

35 000

Cost of Second rice

30,000 

35,000 

25,000 

20,000 

Variable cost (baht/ha)

Fixed cost (baht/ha)

10 000

15,000 

Fixed cost (baht/ha)

Total cost (baht/ha)

5,000 

10,000 

0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

OAE, 2010

35000

Farmer's Income

30000

35000

25000

15000

20000

ome (bah

t/ha

)

Major rice

10000

15000

Inco Second rice

5000

02005 2006 2007 2008

Year

(BOI, 2008)

1. Land preparation

Variety selection

preparation

Straw management

Crop rotation

Straw management &

Utilization

2. Seeding & Planting3. Harvesting & Planting

Irrigation, fertilization, weeds & pest controlsWater drainage