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C iCountry report on rice cultivation practice: Thailandcultivation practice: Thailand
Amnat Chidthaisong, Kanittha Kanokkanjana, SavitriGarivait, Sebastian Bonnet and Sirinthornthep Towprayoon
Expert Meeting, 2‐3 June 2011B k k Th il dBangkok, Thailand
1
Rice cultivation area 1998-2008
11000 Total
9000
10000Rainfed
ha)
6000
7000
8000
rea
(100
0 h
4000
5000
6000
Rice
fiel
d ar
2000
3000Irrigated
R
1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
1000
YearYear
deep‐water rice
Irrigated riceIrrigated rice
Wassmann et al., 2009b
Rainfed riceRainfed rice
Wassmann et al., 2009b
Yield vs. Ecotypes
Rainfed rice Irrigated rice
9200
Rice planting area
3 5
4.0
2000
2200
Planting area Harvest area
5.0
9000
0 ha
)
3.0
3.5
Yied (ton/ha)
1800
000
ha)
4 6
4.8 Yied (ton/ha)
8600
8800
field
are
a (1
00
2.5
d (to
n/ha
)
Yied (ton/ha)
1400
1600
y fie
ld a
rea
(1
4.4
4.6
8400Rice harvest areaPa
ddy
2.0Y
ield
1200
1400
Padd
y4.2
8000
8200
1 0
1.5
1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
1000
4.0
1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 20088000
Year
1.0
Year
Typical rice cultivation cycle in Thailand
1. Land preparationpreparation
Straw management
Crop rotationVariety selection
Straw management &
Utilization
2. Seeding & Planting3. Harvesting & Planting
Irrigation, fertilization, weeds & pest controlsWater drainage
1 Land preparation1. Land preparation
HarrowingHarrowing
2 Seeding & Planting2. Seeding & Planting
Pre‐germinated broadcasting rice:96.47% in second rice and 28.85% in major rice (2009)
Parachutingg
Rice variety: Major riceMajor rice production in 2007 (ton) Cultivation area of Major rice in 2007 (ha)
Supanburi Supanburi
0%
Local varities9%
Klaung Loung
0%
0%Patumtani 1
5%
Supanburi1 9%
Local varities10%
Offi i lChainat 1
6%
Klaung Loung
0%
Patumtani 13%
Supanburi1 5%
Kao-Kho 1523%
Jusmine rice 25%
Chainat 18% Kao-Kho 15
27%Jusmine rice
31%
Official Varities 2
10%
6%
Kao-Kho 6 2%
Supanburi Official
Varities 1
Official Varities 2
13% Kao-Kho 6 3%
Supanburi
Official Varities 1
4%
60,90 2%
Varities 1 4% 60,90
1%
Rice variety: Second riceRice variety: Second riceCultivation area of Second rice in 2007 Second rice production in 2007 (ton)Cultivation area of Second rice in 2007
(ha)
ไ ่ Supanburi 60 90
Second rice production in 2007 (ton)
Kao-Kho 10
Kao-Kho กข.ไม่ไว
แสง
Supanburi 60,90 5%
S b i
Kao-Kho 102%
Kao-Kho กข.ไม่ไวแสง
8%
Supanburi 60,90 5%
103% 8% Official
Varities 2 20%
Supanburi1
30% Official Varities 2
20%Chainat 1 2Patumtani 1
Supanburi1 31%
Pisanuloke 1,2Chainat
1 2Supanburi
1%
Patumtani 1
12%Pisanuloke 1,2
Chainat 1,218%13%
2%1,219%
1%12% 2%Supanburi 1%
FertilizationCultivation method Basal Fertilizer
Type or N-P-K (kg/ha), timing of applying fertilizer after
Topdressing FertilizerType or N-P-K (kg/ha), timing of applying fertilizer after
planting plantingTransplanting 16-16-8 (125) AS (187.5), 20 days
CMP (630) Urea (93.75), 64 daysTransplantingSeedlingPlanting
Manure/Compost (5000)16-16-8 (100)
16-16-8 (NA), 15 daysUrea 46-0-0 (40), flowering
1) Photoperiod-sensitive2) Photoperiod-insensitive
16-16-8 (156), -1-0 day or 15 daysor AS (156) and KCl (30-60), 1 0 d 15 d
or AS (21-0-0) (78.75), floweringUrea 46-0-0 (78), flowering
AS (21 0 0) (156 25)-1-0 day or 15 days16-16-8 (187.5), -1-0 day or 15 days
AS (187 5) d KCl (3 6)
or AS (21-0-0) (156.25), flowering
or AS (187.5) and KCl (3-6), -1-0 day or 15 days
BroadcastingP e e i ted eed 16 20 0 (137 5) 15 dPre-germinated seed broadcasting
- 16-20-0 (137.5), 15 daysUrea (18.75), 15 daysUrea (39), 57 days
lime is applied for 3 bags/rai (5 kg/bag, or 94 kg/ha)
3 Harvesting3. Harvesting
Rice straw production, DEDE 2009
Rotation croppCrotalaria juncea
Crotalaria juncea
Canavalia ensiformis
Maize‐Rice rotation
Socio economic aspectsSocio‐economic aspectsf
25,000
Cost of Major rice
20,000
Variable cost (baht/ha)
10,000
15,000 Fixed cost (baht/ha)
Total cost (baht/ha)
5,000
0
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
OAE, 2010
35 000
Cost of Second rice
30,000
35,000
25,000
20,000
Variable cost (baht/ha)
Fixed cost (baht/ha)
10 000
15,000
Fixed cost (baht/ha)
Total cost (baht/ha)
5,000
10,000
0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
OAE, 2010
35000
Farmer's Income
30000
35000
25000
15000
20000
ome (bah
t/ha
)
Major rice
10000
15000
Inco Second rice
5000
02005 2006 2007 2008
Year
(BOI, 2008)
1. Land preparation
Variety selection
preparation
Straw management
Crop rotation
Straw management &
Utilization
2. Seeding & Planting3. Harvesting & Planting
Irrigation, fertilization, weeds & pest controlsWater drainage