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Exploring How Private Multifamily Developers Define and
Conceptualize Health and Well-BeingPreliminary Case Study ResultsCollege of Natural Resources | Center for Geospatial Analytics
Margaret van Bakergem, Aaron Hipp, Jinoh Park, Xi Wang, Traci Rider
Background
Public Health Crisis = Chronic Diseases
• Leading cause of death and disability in U.S. Responsible for 7 of 10 deaths
• Risk factors include sedentary behavior and physical inactivity
• Environmental characteristics are important health determinants
Chronic Disease Health Care Expenditure
• 18% of GDP
• More than 75c of every $1 of health care is spent on CD
• Costs $1.7trillion annually
Rapid Urbanization and Multifamily Housing Demand
• 4.4 million additional units needed by 2025
• 443,000 units expected to be built in 2018
• Between 2005 and 2016, 91% of newly formed households were renters
Significance
Multifamily developers’ response to growth of urban populations
affords a largely unconsidered opportunity for the real estate industry
to positively impact the health and well-being of communities.
• Elements of health as a development differentiator are emerging
• Important to define health terms from multifamily perspective
• Can provide foundation for health-term standardizations and metric development
Research Purpose
The scope of this preliminary research is to use a multiple case study approach to
explore how private multifamily developers define and talk about health and well-being.
• What are the processes for intentionally incorporating health strategies?
• How and why are health strategies implemented
• What multifamily features are perceived as health promotive
Methods
• Purposive sampling to identify private multifamily developers (n=2)
• Developers deemed early adopters in considering health and well-being
• Semi-structured interviews with two developers for current study
• Thematic coding process to identify emergent health themes and terms
• QSR NVivo used for coding processes
• Health-related excerpts from transcribed interviews selected by coding team
• Excerpts categorized by health topic & scale
Results
• 311 health-related transcript excerpts in 2 interviews
• 83 health-related terms identified
• Collapsed into 20 health amenity categories
• 20% of the 311 excerpts were about place-making
• WELL Building certification was only certification system referenced
• “General” category was in top 5 most-referenced health term
• Broad discussion of health with no specific terminology
• A health-related object or amenity was not explicitly identified
Conclusions
• Multifamily well-suited to implement health considerations given the home’s
influence on health behaviors and outcomes
• Health conceptualizations need more formalized definitions that use
multidisciplinary input for greatest translation potential
• Health terms identified in this study were not novel in terms of known
amenities; it is their intentional use for health promotion that is notable
• Developing definitions of health and well-being concepts may lead
to novel incentivization structures with financial indicators, showing that
health and well-being can be an investable attribute in the real estate industry
• Further exploration of health and well-being considerations with additional
early adopter multifamily developers can provide other insights into how
real estate development decision making can promote community-wide
health benefits across different real estate sectors and markets.
Figure 4. Count of health-related references in two multifamily developer interviewsFigure 3. Features comprising “Place-Making’ category
Table 1. Description of health amenities and health topics
Figure 5. List of 7 health and wellness concepts in the WELL Building Standard (IWBI, 2018)
Table 2. Collapsed health categories (n=20) by health topic
Discussion
Health Themes
• Formative look at how health is conceptualized from multifamily perspective
• “Place Making” was most referenced health category
• Possibly indicates tendency to connect health to user experiences
• Social- and convenience-oriented amenities (i.e., lifestyle)
• “General” prevalence = ambiguity in targeting health strategies?
• May indicate inability to identify specific health strategies
• Lack of awareness of health terminology
• Shows opportunity to clarify terms to maximize health promotion
Defining Health Strategies Holistically and Across Disciplines
• Next steps will be to standardize & operationalize concepts of health
• Will provide foundation for developing health strategy framework
• Collaborative effort between public health and real estate disciplines
Formal Integration into Certification Systems
• The WELL Building StandardTM has several concepts and optimizations that
already overlap with the identified health terms discovered in this study
• Formalizing this overlap can differentiate multifamily developers’ projects
as they intentionally integrate health into decision-making
Value Creation in Health
• This study underscores the potential value capitalization health and
well-being considerations can bring to multifamily development
• Understanding financial, social, environmental, and health benefits may
assist in leveraging the health considerations early adopter developers are
already implementing into translatable and understandable strategies for
all developers
Health LanguageWe believe in :Living in balance
Fostering CommunityBeing Restorative
Natural lightSustainable livingA good long walk
Figure 2. Jane Jacobs quote & health language
Figure 1. Total health amenities (n=83) collapsed into 20 categories
Jane JacobsThe requisite for
outdoor activity and play is not pretentious equipment…but rather
space at an immediately convenient and
interesting place
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