comparison of different hay drying techniques · matter/ha - in comparison to thermal ventilation...
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Comparison of different hay drying techniquesAlfred PöllingerInstitute for Animal Husbandry and Animal Health
AgEng 2014 Zürich 6.-10. JulyInternational Conference of Agricultural Engineering
Agricultural Researchand Education Centre (AREC)
Content
1. Hay drying – background of the project2. Field working chain3. Hay drying equipment
Heat pump dehumidifier with solar collector and cold air ventilation
4. Methods and measurement technology5. Results6. Summary
BackgroundA lot of research was done in feed quality and preservation of silage – worlde wide
Since the begin of 2000 – closer attention of hay drying and feed quality in Austria
2009: planing of a comprehensiv projekt at the AREC regarding new hay drying techniques (new regulations) – less energy consumption and how to get a high feed and milk quality
Installation of a heat pump dehumidifier for hay drying combined with a solar collector!
Hay should look like this !
Green colourHigh rates of leavesGood smell of hayNo fungal odour
1. cut, 2012, Stainacher Wiese, permanent meadow - drying with dehumidifiers
Field working chain
Cut – since 2011 with conditionerTedding – rotational speed 350 – 500!First time 470-500 r.p.m. „Effect of conditioner“from 50 % TM < 430 r.p.m. driving speed – ca. 6-8 km/hRaking – double-rotor central rakeSelf-loading trailer – with cutting system –we used only 4 knifesDetermination of harvested product – weighing
Mowing with conditioner: - front - rear combination of Krone and Pöttinger – 5.5 und 5.7 m AB- ca. 3 kW bigger power consumption/m WW) + 15 bis 20 kWh/box-filling- ca. 2-4 hours shorter drying process in the haybox – 60 – 120 kWh- = 45 bis 100 kWh savings potential (12.000 kg TM = ca. 5 ha DW)
Zetten mit geringer Drehzahl!?Tedding with adjusted PTO speed!?
Field dried hay Cold air ventilation dehumidifierNumber ofturning operations
4 (3-6) 3 (2-5) 2 (1-4)
PTO Speed: 350 to 500 r.p.m. …. dependet on dry matter condition of feedDriving speed: ca. 6 km/h
Raking with double-rotor central rakeHarvesting with self-loading trailer
PTO speef: 450 r.p.m. at rakingKnife configuration of self-loading trailer: 4 (0-33)
Determination of crumb losseswith suckling method
Heat pump dehumidifier combined with a solar collector
Ansaugbereich stirnseitig von Ost und/oder West zur Mitte
Süden NordenZubau-Dach
Klappe 1 Umluft
Tor 2 FrischluftWärmebildkamera - Oberflächentempertur möglich
Klappe 3 offen=reiner Solarbetrieb
offen Aufstieg u.Tür Abstieg
Bodenrost
1
2 2 2 2
Firstkappe
1/1Sammelkanal
1/5
1/6
4/2
4/1 4/3
3/1
5
4/4
4/5
2 2 2 2
3/2
6
78/1,2 8/3,4
2 2 2 2
Combination with solar based air heating
and air dehumidification
southroof
north
grate
door
thermographic camera – temp. of surface area
flap 3 open = just solar operation
gate 2 fresh air possible
way up and down
flap 1 circulating air
collection channel
suction zone from east and/or west to centre
Dehumidifier WP - data
Vaporizer(4 m2
cross-sectional area)
Heat pump dehumidifierType SR 60 N MJRBuilt in 2011Refrigerant R 407cAmount of refrigerant 45 kgVoltage 400 VConnection power 16 kW
Fan – SR 1000FanType SR 1000/22/6/RD 270Built in: 2011Air volume capacity 55000 m³/hPAst 603Drive motorConnection power PA 22 kWCurrent rating In, 400V 44.5 AV/Hz 400V/50HzCos 0.83Rated speed 980 r.p.m.
Box dimension– drying with dehumidifier
Base area: 96 m²Height: 6,0 mGrate level 60 cmSupports: 50 x 150 mmDistance round logs 60 cmConstruction steel grid CQS 100Side cover 60 cm
Filling height: 2 m (0.75 bis 3.5 m)
Blow into direction
Cold air ventilation (CAV)71 m² base areaHeight of the box: 3.90 mGrate level: 45 cm5.5 kW fan28 200 m³/h – 490 Pa(0.11m³/sec.m² base area)Intake on the south side
Field retention timeHourly data
You can harvest about 20 h earlier with thermal ventilation Field drying all over the year is no option!
Silage HPD CAV FDH1. Cut 10.2 18.8 26.4 37.32. Cut 3.2 16.5 25.1 34.53. Cut 6.2 20.0 28.8 51.34. Cut 23.2 41.9 49.9 58.6 1)
1) Hourly data not realisitic, beause the feed was spread below the roof
Crumb losses
Durchschnitt2010-2012 1. Schnitt 2. Schnitt 3. Schnitt 4. Schnitt MW
Differenz zu
Silage 160 169 127 162 154 0
Luftentf.Tr. 234 204 155 191 196 42
Kaltbel. 292 264 258 273 272 118
Bodentrockg. 383 383 n.a. 392 386 232
n.a. = nicht auswertenbar
Werte in kg TM/ha, Dauerwiese 2012
Differenz zwischen Bodentrocknung und Luftentfeuchtertrocknung kann mehr als 1.500 l milk/ha.a betragen(190 kg x 2 l / kg x 4 Schnitte)
Volume flow – 1. cut 2011
max. 0.13 m3/sec and m2 base area
at least 0.07 m3/sec.m2
Dehumidificaton – 1. cut 2011
0.5-1.0 liters/minute water separation!
Energy consumption/costs 2012
note: no 3. cut in 2012 because of flood
1. Cut 2. Cut 4. CutHPD CAV HPD HPD CAV HPD CAV
Date harvesting 19.05. 19.05. 26.05. 29.06. 29.06. 17.09. 18.09.FM kg 13 230 4 145 38 830 18 805 9 850 14 120 6 080Dry matter % 56.6 66.1 60.2 62.4 75.9 65.2 72.8d.m in box kg 7 491 2 739 23 358 11 727 7 475 9 208 4 427Hay weight in box kg 8 465 3 095 26 395 13 251 8 447 10 405 5 002Water loss kg 4 765 997 12 435 5 554 1 258 3 715 992Energy consumption1)
per tonne dry matter kWh 87 66 146 140 25 306 111per tonne hay kWh 77 57 129 124 22 271 97spec. energy cons. W/kg 137 180 275 297 149 758 497Costs of energy (18 Cent/kWh)
per kg dry matter cent 1.6 1.2 2.6 2.5 0.5 5.5 2.0per kg hay cent 1.4 1.0 2.3 2.2 0.4 4.9 1.7
Costsinvestments Heat pump
dehumidifierCold air
ventilationNotes
fan € 10 000,-- 7 000,-- Heating ventilation mit FU; ND: 15Jhaybox, grate, channels € 15 000,-- 15 000,-- 100 m2, self made; ND 30 years
collector € 10 000,-- 250 m2, self made; ND 30 J
dehumidifier € 30 000,-- including control system ND 30 years
Total fixed costs/a € 6 317,-- 1 607,--
consumption of hay/a kg 146 900 146 900 20 ha, harvest: 6.500 kg drymatter/ha.a
drying amount /a kg 96 954 96 954 2/3 feedfixed costs/kg hay Cent 5.54 1.66energy consumption kWh 12 8 per 100 kg hayvariable costs/kg hay Cent 2.16 1.44 18 Cent/kWh
total costs /kg hay Cent 7.70 3.10 per kg hay
Calculated without haystorage and crane mechanization
SummaryTo dry hay successfully, the whole process is very important:mowing – tedding/raking – harvesting –distribution in box and process managingValidated resulats just in the years (2011 to) 2012 (13) – technical and operational interferences100 m2 base area – 20 ha farm– possible to run with a electricity demand of 50 A
Summary
Soil drying method is loosing 760 kg dry matter/ha - in comparison to thermal ventilationSavings potential in transport and numbers of teddings (silage) (0,8 Cent/kg hay and tedding process)Cold air drying is in energy consumption superior to dehumidifier drying – only unther good harvesting conditions
Summary
A hay plant with medium to higher achievement levels needs a heating system. Drying with dehumidifiers is in comination with a good controle and regulation technology a good solution
Available field working dayscountry‘s border
district border
rivers
lakes
Available field working dayscountry‘s border
district border
rivers
lakes
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