comparing u.s. and soviet union the united states the soviet union capitalism private ownership of...

THE COLD WAR

Comparing U.S. and Soviet Union

The United States The Soviet Union

CapitalismPrivate ownership of

industryFreedom of competitionSurvival of the fittestLaissez-faire:

government takes a “hands off” approach

Creates different economic classes

Socialism Government

ownership of industryCreated as a

reaction to capitalismGoal is to bring

economic unity to people

Classless society

ECONOMY

Comparing U.S. and Soviet Union

The United States The Soviet Union

DemocraticGovernment by

the peopleTwo forms:

○ Direct○ representative

TotalitarianGovernment by

one or fewTotal control over

most aspects of people’s lives

No freedom of speech or press

POLITICS

Comparing U.S. and Soviet Union

The United States The Soviet Union

Freedom The condition of

being freeMost valued:

○ Freedom of speech○ Freedom of press○ Freedom to do

business

Equality Condition of being

equalMost valued

○ Basic needs met for all (food, housing, education, and jobs)

KEY VALUES

Comparing U.S. and Soviet Union

The United States The Soviet Union

Individual Stresses the need for

people to do things on their own

Competition: the best get to the top

Laissez-faire

EX: individual class work

CollectiveStresses the need for

people to do things together to benefit the whole

“all for one, one for all”

EX: group project

SOCIETY

ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR:

Causes:

Cause 1: Ideological differences

  The United States and the Soviet Union had

different ambitions post- World War IISoviets: Communist/Totalitarian government, state

controlled all property, economic activity, and the government

United States: Capitalism/Democratic, used capitalism which promoted private citizens to control economic activity and allowed voting

Cause 2: Wartime differences

During wartime the US and Soviets joined in alliance based on a common goalUS was aware the Soviets had been on

Hitler’s sideSoviets resented the US delay in

attacking the GermansSoviets were angered over the secretive

development of the atomic bomb

United Nations Met in San Francisco for the

first time on April 25, 1945 50 nations sent

representatives to form this peacemaking body

It soon became and arena where the two superpowers competed

Potsdam Conference July 1945- Big Three (US, Soviet Union, and

Great Britain) met near Berlin The US and Soviets changed their views after

the Yalta Conference

Yalta Conference Potsdam Conference

Compromise/ Outcome

Soviets would occupy Poland (and other countries), but eventually allow free elections.

Soviets refuse to allow free elections

Soviets set up communist governments in occupied areas, called satellite nations

Soviets wanted reparations (money) from the Germans

Truman refused this measure

Each Allied power could take reparations for their own occupation zones

Stalin felt justified in his actions because many Soviets were lost in war

1946- Stalin sates communism and capitalism were incompatible and war was inevitable

Map- Cold War-satellite nations

Foreign Policy- The policy of a nation in its interaction with another nation(s).

The US establishes a policy of containment- taking measures to prevent any extension of communist rule to other counties.

Two political regions existed in Europe: West- Democratic, East- Communist1946-Winston Churchill made a speech that described

the situation as an “iron curtain”- division in Europe○ Stalin viewed Churchill’s words as a call to war

The conflicting aims of the US and Soviets became the Cold War- a conflict in which neither nation directly confront the other on the battlefield (1945-1991)

Map Annotation

Label country/countries Summarize what took

place. Outcome: What was the

result? Was the policy of containment achieved?

Korea Japan controlled Korea from 1910-1945 Japan’s troops north of 38th Parallel (38 degrees

North latitude) surrendered to Soviets and south to Americans2 nations developed Communist (north) and

Democratic (south)Kim Il Sung led the north1949- 500 US troops in S. Korea

June 1950- N. Korea crossed the 38th parallel to surprise attack the south to reunite the two areasSouth Korea asked the United Nations for assistance

○ Soviets were not present in protest and the UN passed a vote to take military action

KIM IL SUNG

2 days later Truman sent troops to S. KoreaThe UN troops were led by Douglas MacArthur

from WWII At first N. Korea was successful, but

MacArthur launched a successful surprise amphibious landing at Inchon as other troops moved north.Half of N. Korea troops surrenderUN troops eventually made it up to the Yalu River

(border of N. Korea and China) Chinese stepped in to fight in order to keep N.

Korea communistChinese eventually pushed UN forces out of N.

Korea and enters S. Korea

MacArthur suggested attacking Chinese cities with nuclear weapons to end conflictsTruman said “no” because he believed it would

cause WWIII UN and S. Korean forces eventually were able

to push Chinese back to 38th parallel MacArthur continued to push for war against

ChinaTried to go over president and continuously

criticized the president April 11, 1951-Truman fired MacArthur

○ MacArthur’s firing upset a majority of the public

He was allowed an address to Congress and stated “Old soldiers never die, they just fade away.”

June 1951- Soviet Union suggested cease-fire and peace talks began

Two points: 1) cease-fire line, 38th parallel would split 2) DMZ (Demilitarized Zone) established between opposing sides

1953- Armistice signed to end the war Outcome:

Stalemate- nothing gained or lossCommunism containedCost American lives and moneyIncreased fear of communism

US, Russia, Ukraine

TWO VIEWS:

"He (John Kerry) made clear that continued military escalation and provocation in Crimea or elsewhere in Ukraine, along with steps to annex Crimea to Russia would close any available space for diplomacy, and he urged utmost restraint," the official said.

Russian President Vladimir Putin has insisted he has the right to protect Russian interests and the rights of ethnic Russians in Crimea.

DOT GAME

To Win:

Largest group of non-dots Only dot in the largest

group

DOT GAME-Procedures: Once the game starts, you will have

approximately a few minutes to form groups. You can ask others whether they are dots or

nondots, but players may not reveal their slips of paper during the game.

You do not have to join a group, but you cannot win the game unless you are in a group of at least two people.

You can be a part of a group only if that group agrees that you are a member.

If you suspect that someone is a dot, report your suspicion to ME!!!

SECTION 3: The Cold War at HomeMany Americans had a fear of communism

which worsened as China and parts of eastern Europe turned communist

American Government Combats CommunismRepublicans charged Truman with being

soft on communismTruman established the Federal Employee

Loyalty Program○ Purpose: investigate government

employees and dismiss those disloyal to the US

House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) investigated possible Communist threats inside and outside of the government.○First started with the movie industry○Believed that Communist influence was being

placed into films○HUAC called 43 witnesses to testify

Ten men decided not to cooperate because they believed the hearings were unconstitutional

Became known as the Hollywood Ten sent to jail

○Hollywood executives established a blacklist: list of people condemned for having a Communist background

1950-McCarran Act was established- made it unlawful to plan any action that might lead to a totalitarian dictatorship○Truman vetoed but Congress enacted law

Spy Cases in the USWhittaker Chamber, former Communist

spy, accused Alger Hiss of spying for the Soviet Union○Too many years had passed for charges

of espionage, but was convicted of perjury (lying under oath)

○Hiss claimed his innocence throughout the process

○In the 1990s it was proven Hiss had been involved

1950- Klaus Fuchs admitted to giving atomic bomb information to Soviets○ Fuchs stated Ethel and Julius Rosenberg

(communist activists) were involved in passing information

○ Rosenberg’s were found guilty of espionage and sentenced to death.

○ Became the first US citizens executed for espionage

McCarthy and his “witch hunt”Senator Joseph McCarthy was the

most famous anti-Communist activist during this time

Made many accusations without any supportive evidence

Attacks on suspected Communist became known as McCarthyism○Claimed to have a list of 205

Communists within the State Dept. (never produced list)

1954- McCarthy charged US Army ○In a nationally televised investigation, the Senate turned on McCarthy and condemned his actions

BIKINI ISLAND TESTING

DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER

DUCK AND COVER DRILLS

IMRE NAGY

Nikita Khrushchev

Sputnik

U-2 Spy Plane