clearwater systems 1 the hytronic system dolphin clearwater systems, llc advanced water treatment...

Clearwater Systems

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The Hytronic System Dolphin

Clearwater Systems, LLCAdvanced Water Treatment Equipment

Clearwater Systems

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Company Profile Technology developed at a University

Chief subcontractor is ISO 9002 approved

Excellent track record • 500 installations• Over 5 years of service

New patented technology unique in the marketplace

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Electronic Water Treatment

ELIMINATES USE OF ALL WATER TREATMENT CHEMICALS, AND THEREFORE THEIR RELEASE TO

THE ENVIRONMENT VIA BLOWDOWN AND DRIFT

&

PREVENTS SCALE FROM FORMING

&

CONTROLS MICROBIAL GROWTH

Degrades and removes old scale, encrustation and bio-film Creates conditions that stop localized and uniform corrosion Allows potentially significant water savings

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4Hardware

transformer panel and spool piece

no obstructions in pipe

9 sizes from 3/4” to 12”

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Microbial Control

Corrosion Control

Scaling Control

Cooling System Treatment

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Typical Cooling Tower

Evaporation = 1% circulation rate

Blowdown = Evaporation/(CC-1)

DT = 10 oF

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Scale Prevention

Scale Formation

on

Surface

Particle Formation

in

Bulk Solution

Calcium Carbonate

(CaCO3) Scale

Calcium Carbonate

(CaCO3) Particles

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8Corrosion Performance in Cooling Towers

• No Localized Attack

• No pitting or microbial induced corrosion (MIC)

• Uniform Corrosion• Benign alkaline chemistry with high hardness (pH 7.5

to 9.0)

• No attack on copper/galvanized

• 2 - 5 mpy on steel

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Microbe Control Microbes controlled by incorporation Pulsed-Power FDA approved for Pasteurization

Microbes

Encapsulated Microbes

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Bio-Film Control

Bio-Film in Cooling Towers

7/13 7/15 7/17 7/19 7/21 7/23

Bio

-Film

Gro

wth

Dolphin Control Chemical Control

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Biological Control - 1000 ton @ 5 cycles

TBC at PA Hospital (CFU/ml)

05,000

10,00015,00020,000

06/0

1/99

07/0

1/99

08/0

1/99

09/0

1/99

10/0

1/99

11/0

1/99

12/0

1/99

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Biological Control - 175 ton @ 8 cycles

Figure 2 - TBC at 175-ton CT Tower (CFU/ml)

05,000

10,00015,000

20,000

07/0

1/99

08/0

1/99

09/0

1/99

10/0

1/99

11/0

1/99

12/0

1/99

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Biological Control - 600 ton @ 5.5 cycles

Figure 1 - TBC at 600-ton PA Tower (CFU/ml)

05,000

10,00015,000

20,000

6/30/1998

8/30/1998

10/30/1998

12/30/1998

2/28/1999

4/30/1999

6/30/1999

8/30/1999

10/30/1999

12/30/1999

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Biological Control

Only blowdown needs to be controlled

Requires constant monitoring and adjustment

Little or no bio-film presentLimited effectiveness on bio-film

Not species specificBiocides are often species specific

No corrosives usedBiocides are often corrosive

Typical TBC of 1,000 to 2,000 CFU/ml

Typical TBC of 20,000 to 50,000 CFU/ml

Dolphin SystemChemical Treatment

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Boiler Installation

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Boiler Application

Carbonates precipitate as a powderEliminates need for water softener and phosphates

Precipitation lowers alkalinity of boilerEliminates formation of CO2 and need for amines

Old scale will flake off over timeImproves heat transfer efficiencies

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17Corrosion Performance in Boilers

No Localized Attack • No pitting

• Less CO2 generation avoids acid corrosion in boiler condensate return lines (pH of 7.0 to 8.4)

Uniform Attack • Boiler operates at a pH of 10.5 where iron and steel develop

a passive magnetite surface resulting in negligible uniform corrosion

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Scale Removal Scale removal by crack propagation

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Pollution Prevention

• Biocides can cause problems in sewer treatment plants

• Some anti-corrosion additives contain heavy metals (Zn and Mo)

• Many chemicals in concentrated form fall under OSHA regulations

• Phosphates and brine are a concern in discharges

• Drift carrying chemicals can cause employee relations issues

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Cost Savings

Savings on the cost of chemicals & softener

Savings on fuel

Savings on maintenance (tower, heat exchanger, boiler)

Savings on water purchase and disposal

Savings on regulatory compliance

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Conclusions

• The Dolphin is an alternative to chemical treatment on cooling towers and boilers.

• The Dolphin is in commercial use under a variety of water conditions.

• The Dolphin is a rugged system that is tolerant of some neglect.

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22Appendix Zeta Potential

•Tiny, non-symmetric crystals (proto-crystals) with strong surface

charges develop high zeta potentials (diffuse counter-ion charge).

•Proto-crystals repel due to this high zeta potential

•Vibrating the particles at their resonant frequency with an electro-magnetic field, homogenizes the diffuse counter-ion charges, lowers the zeta potential and allows agglomeration .

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23Appendix Distinction from Magnets

•Range of field strengths cover all water variations

•Coils “ring” yielding harmonics into the kilohertz to megahertz range

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24AppendixInactivation of Microbes

Water sample from Dolphin treated tower with 106/ml microbes added

10

100

1,000

10,000

100,000

1,000,000

10,000,000

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Hours

CF

U/m

l

1 day storage 21 day storage

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Boiler ChemistryCa++ + CO3

= + H2O <-> Ca++ + 2OH- + CO2 Dominates at low pH

Ca++ + CO3= + H2O <-> CaCO3 + H2O Dominates at high pH

(typical equilibrium at 10.0 to 10.5 pH)

Cooling Tower ChemistryCa++ + 2HCO3

- <-> Ca++ + 2OH- + 2CO2 Dominates at low pH

Ca++ + 2HCO3- <-> CaCO3 + H2O + CO2 Dominates at high pH

(typical equilibrium at 8.2 to 9.0 pH)

AppendixpH Control Reactions

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26 Appendix Boiler Chemistry - Water Softening

Incoming Water with

Ca/Mg HCO3

Regenerate with

NaCl

Flush to drain with CaCl & NaClWastes water and sewer issues with high salts

Softened Water Containing:

NaHCO3 - Causes carbonic acid in condensate

Residual NaCl - Causes enhanced pitting

Residual Ca & Mg - Causes scale formation

Softener

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27Appendix Sidestream for Large Pipes

Designed to take 30% of the flow per pass withminimal pressure drop (3 psi)

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28Appendix Water Savings

With a Dolphin the cycles of concentration can be increased to 8 or more. (Typically chemically controlled towers are run at 2 to 4 cycles.)

On a 1000 ton cooling tower, going from 3 cycles to 8 can save up to 10,000 gals/day.

Typical cost of water and disposal in most areas is $3.50 per 1000 gals ($35 per day).