clearwater systems 1 the hytronic system dolphin clearwater systems, llc advanced water treatment...
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Clearwater Systems
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The Hytronic System Dolphin
Clearwater Systems, LLCAdvanced Water Treatment Equipment
Clearwater Systems
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Company Profile Technology developed at a University
Chief subcontractor is ISO 9002 approved
Excellent track record • 500 installations• Over 5 years of service
New patented technology unique in the marketplace
Clearwater Systems
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Electronic Water Treatment
ELIMINATES USE OF ALL WATER TREATMENT CHEMICALS, AND THEREFORE THEIR RELEASE TO
THE ENVIRONMENT VIA BLOWDOWN AND DRIFT
&
PREVENTS SCALE FROM FORMING
&
CONTROLS MICROBIAL GROWTH
Degrades and removes old scale, encrustation and bio-film Creates conditions that stop localized and uniform corrosion Allows potentially significant water savings
Clearwater Systems
4Hardware
transformer panel and spool piece
no obstructions in pipe
9 sizes from 3/4” to 12”
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Microbial Control
Corrosion Control
Scaling Control
Cooling System Treatment
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Typical Cooling Tower
Evaporation = 1% circulation rate
Blowdown = Evaporation/(CC-1)
DT = 10 oF
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Scale Prevention
Scale Formation
on
Surface
Particle Formation
in
Bulk Solution
Calcium Carbonate
(CaCO3) Scale
Calcium Carbonate
(CaCO3) Particles
Clearwater Systems
8Corrosion Performance in Cooling Towers
• No Localized Attack
• No pitting or microbial induced corrosion (MIC)
• Uniform Corrosion• Benign alkaline chemistry with high hardness (pH 7.5
to 9.0)
• No attack on copper/galvanized
• 2 - 5 mpy on steel
Clearwater Systems
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Microbe Control Microbes controlled by incorporation Pulsed-Power FDA approved for Pasteurization
Microbes
Encapsulated Microbes
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Bio-Film Control
Bio-Film in Cooling Towers
7/13 7/15 7/17 7/19 7/21 7/23
Bio
-Film
Gro
wth
Dolphin Control Chemical Control
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Biological Control - 1000 ton @ 5 cycles
TBC at PA Hospital (CFU/ml)
05,000
10,00015,00020,000
06/0
1/99
07/0
1/99
08/0
1/99
09/0
1/99
10/0
1/99
11/0
1/99
12/0
1/99
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Biological Control - 175 ton @ 8 cycles
Figure 2 - TBC at 175-ton CT Tower (CFU/ml)
05,000
10,00015,000
20,000
07/0
1/99
08/0
1/99
09/0
1/99
10/0
1/99
11/0
1/99
12/0
1/99
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Biological Control - 600 ton @ 5.5 cycles
Figure 1 - TBC at 600-ton PA Tower (CFU/ml)
05,000
10,00015,000
20,000
6/30/1998
8/30/1998
10/30/1998
12/30/1998
2/28/1999
4/30/1999
6/30/1999
8/30/1999
10/30/1999
12/30/1999
Clearwater Systems
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Biological Control
Only blowdown needs to be controlled
Requires constant monitoring and adjustment
Little or no bio-film presentLimited effectiveness on bio-film
Not species specificBiocides are often species specific
No corrosives usedBiocides are often corrosive
Typical TBC of 1,000 to 2,000 CFU/ml
Typical TBC of 20,000 to 50,000 CFU/ml
Dolphin SystemChemical Treatment
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Boiler Installation
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Boiler Application
Carbonates precipitate as a powderEliminates need for water softener and phosphates
Precipitation lowers alkalinity of boilerEliminates formation of CO2 and need for amines
Old scale will flake off over timeImproves heat transfer efficiencies
Clearwater Systems
17Corrosion Performance in Boilers
No Localized Attack • No pitting
• Less CO2 generation avoids acid corrosion in boiler condensate return lines (pH of 7.0 to 8.4)
Uniform Attack • Boiler operates at a pH of 10.5 where iron and steel develop
a passive magnetite surface resulting in negligible uniform corrosion
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Scale Removal Scale removal by crack propagation
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Pollution Prevention
• Biocides can cause problems in sewer treatment plants
• Some anti-corrosion additives contain heavy metals (Zn and Mo)
• Many chemicals in concentrated form fall under OSHA regulations
• Phosphates and brine are a concern in discharges
• Drift carrying chemicals can cause employee relations issues
Clearwater Systems
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Cost Savings
Savings on the cost of chemicals & softener
Savings on fuel
Savings on maintenance (tower, heat exchanger, boiler)
Savings on water purchase and disposal
Savings on regulatory compliance
Clearwater Systems
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Conclusions
• The Dolphin is an alternative to chemical treatment on cooling towers and boilers.
• The Dolphin is in commercial use under a variety of water conditions.
• The Dolphin is a rugged system that is tolerant of some neglect.
Clearwater Systems
22Appendix Zeta Potential
•Tiny, non-symmetric crystals (proto-crystals) with strong surface
charges develop high zeta potentials (diffuse counter-ion charge).
•Proto-crystals repel due to this high zeta potential
•Vibrating the particles at their resonant frequency with an electro-magnetic field, homogenizes the diffuse counter-ion charges, lowers the zeta potential and allows agglomeration .
Clearwater Systems
23Appendix Distinction from Magnets
•Range of field strengths cover all water variations
•Coils “ring” yielding harmonics into the kilohertz to megahertz range
Clearwater Systems
24AppendixInactivation of Microbes
Water sample from Dolphin treated tower with 106/ml microbes added
10
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
1,000,000
10,000,000
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Hours
CF
U/m
l
1 day storage 21 day storage
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Boiler ChemistryCa++ + CO3
= + H2O <-> Ca++ + 2OH- + CO2 Dominates at low pH
Ca++ + CO3= + H2O <-> CaCO3 + H2O Dominates at high pH
(typical equilibrium at 10.0 to 10.5 pH)
Cooling Tower ChemistryCa++ + 2HCO3
- <-> Ca++ + 2OH- + 2CO2 Dominates at low pH
Ca++ + 2HCO3- <-> CaCO3 + H2O + CO2 Dominates at high pH
(typical equilibrium at 8.2 to 9.0 pH)
AppendixpH Control Reactions
Clearwater Systems
26 Appendix Boiler Chemistry - Water Softening
Incoming Water with
Ca/Mg HCO3
Regenerate with
NaCl
Flush to drain with CaCl & NaClWastes water and sewer issues with high salts
Softened Water Containing:
NaHCO3 - Causes carbonic acid in condensate
Residual NaCl - Causes enhanced pitting
Residual Ca & Mg - Causes scale formation
Softener
Clearwater Systems
27Appendix Sidestream for Large Pipes
Designed to take 30% of the flow per pass withminimal pressure drop (3 psi)
Clearwater Systems
28Appendix Water Savings
With a Dolphin the cycles of concentration can be increased to 8 or more. (Typically chemically controlled towers are run at 2 to 4 cycles.)
On a 1000 ton cooling tower, going from 3 cycles to 8 can save up to 10,000 gals/day.
Typical cost of water and disposal in most areas is $3.50 per 1000 gals ($35 per day).