chp solutions to climate change
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CHP Solutions to Climate ChangeChange
David SchnaarsManager, Environmental Strategies
California Energy CommissionCHP WorkshopJuly 23, 2009
DATE RECD.
DOCKET09-IEP-1H
July 23 2009
July 27 2009
Solar Turbines IncorporatedSolar Turbines Incorporated
• Based in San Diego, CA
• In Business since 1927
• More than 12,500 Gas Turbines Operatingin 120 Countries
• More than 1.3 Billion Fleet Operating Hours
World’s Largest Manufacturer of Industrial• World’s Largest Manufacturer of IndustrialGas Turbines (1 to 15 MW Range)
S b idi f C t ill I i 1981• Subsidiary of Caterpillar Inc. since 1981San Diego, California
AB 32 GHG Emissions Reductions
450500
ar)
17% below 2005 levels
350400450
CO2e
/yea
%
83% below 2005 levels
250300
ns (M
TC
100150200
Emis
sio 25-40% below 1990 levels
050
100
GHG
E
80-95% below 1990 levels01990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060
Historical Data from ARB California GHG Emissions Inventory
Climate Change Mitigation
There Are Only 4 Ways to Reduce G h GGreenhouse Gases:
• Switch to a Less Carbon-Intensive Fuel• Switch to a Less Carbon-Intensive Fuel
• Increase Energy Efficiency• Increase Energy Efficiency• Increase Energy Efficiency• Increase Energy Efficiency
• Sequester Atmospheric CO2• Sequester Atmospheric CO2
• Reduce Non-CO2 Gas Emissions• Reduce Non-CO2 Gas Emissions
The Stabilization Triangle
E i CO t tBillions of Tons Carbon Emitted per Year
16~850 ppm
Easier CO2 target
Interim GoalStabilization
TriangleHistoricalemissions Flat path
8
1.6
01950 2000 2050 2100
This slide based on Stabilization Wedges: Solving the Climate Problem for the next 50 Years with Current Technologies,” S. Pacala and R. Socolow, Science, August 13, 2004.
Wind Electricity
Wind Electricity
Install 1 million 2 MW windmills to replace coal-based electricity,
OR
U 2 illi i d illUse 2 million windmills to produce hydrogen fuel
Photo courtesy of DOE
A wedge worth of wind electricity will require increasing current capacity by a factor of 30increasing current capacity by a factor of 30
This slide based on Stabilization Wedges: Solving the Climate Problem for the next 50 Years with Current Technologies,” S. Pacala and R. Socolow, Science, August 13, 2004.
Solar Electricity
Solar Electricity
Install 5,000,000 acres for dedicated
Photos courtesy of DOE Photovoltaics Program
use by 2055
A wedge of solar electricity would mean increasing current capacity 700 timesA wedge of solar electricity would mean increasing current capacity 700 times
This slide based on Stabilization Wedges: Solving the Climate Problem for the next 50 Years with Current Technologies,” S. Pacala and R. Socolow, Science, August 13, 2004.
Nuclear Electricity
Nuclear Electricity
Triple the world’s nuclear electricitynuclear electricity capacity by 2055
Graphic courtesy of NRC
The rate of installation required for a wedge from electricity is equal to the global rate of nuclear expansion from 1975-1990.q g p
This slide based on Stabilization Wedges: Solving the Climate Problem for the next 50 Years with Current Technologies,” S. Pacala and R. Socolow, Science, August 13, 2004.
Carbon Capture & Storage
Carbon Capture & Storage
Implement CCS at
• 800 GW coal electric plants or
• 1600 GW natural gas1600 GW natural gas electric plants or
• 180 coal synfuels plants orplants or
• 10 times today’s capacity of hydrogen plantsplants
Graphic courtesy of Alberta Geological Survey
There are currently three storage projects that each inject 1 y g p j jmillion tons of CO2 per year – by 2055 need 3500.
This slide based on Stabilization Wedges: Solving the Climate Problem for the next 50 Years with Current Technologies,” S. Pacala and R. Socolow, Science, August 13, 2004.
Natural Gas & CHP
Distillate Oil = 161 “Coal = 208 lb CO2/MMBtu (HHV)
• NG Is the Least Carbon-Intensive Fossil Fuel:
• CHP Is Most Efficient Use of Natural GasNatural Gas = 117 “Distillate Oil = 161 “
CHP Is Most Efficient Use of Natural Gas
2000
2500
hr
1000
1500
CO
2/M
W-h
Large SimpleSmall Simple Combined Cycle CHPU S Average0
500
lb
Large SimpleCycle
Small SimpleCycle
Combined CyclePower Plant
CHP
Natural Gas-Fired Gas Turbines
U.S. AverageCoal
Mercury 50 Integrated Energy
SystemDell Children's Medical Center of Central TexasMuller Energy Center of Austin Energy, Austin, Texas
System
Energy Center Provides Power, Heating and Cooling to Hospital
First Hospital in the World to Obtain LEED Platinum Status
Hospital
4.6 MW Centaur 50California Dairies
Mercury 50Bank of America
• Provides All Heating, Cooling, Hot Water & Steam Needs of NYC’s 2nd
T ll B ildi
• Provides for 35% of the Building’s
Tallest Building
• Provides for 35% of the Building’s Electrical Load
• Building Uses 50% Less Energy than Conventional Skyscraper
• Expected to Achieve LEED Platinum RatingRating
2 x 5.7 MW Taurus 60’sTalisman Energy, Alberta, Canada
6.3 MW Taurus 65, Michelin TireHallstadt, Germany
Taurus 65 Performance
• Power: 6.3 MW
• Simple Cycle Thermal p yEfficiency: 32.9%
• CHP Thermal Efficiency: 84-92%
• NOx Emissions: <15 ppmv xwith SoLoNOx Combustion
Taurus 65 -Savings Over Grid
6 1 MW f C bi d C l P Pl t ith St f
8500
9000
22
6.1 MW from Combined Cycle Power Plant with Steam from Conventional Boiler Compared to Taurus 65 CHP Plant
CO2e Savings(T/Yr)
7500
8000
8500
20
22CHP Fuel Savings
(MMBtu/hr)
( )
6500
7000
16
18
(Ton
s/Yr
)
5500
6000
12
14CO
2e
4000
4500
5000
10
12
400025,000
7.350,00014.6
75,00021.9
100,00029.2
Steam Production (lb/hr)(MW)
C bi d H t & P
CO2 Emissions Reductions from CHP
CHP Plant
Combined Heat & Power:Taurus 65 Gas Turbine
Efficiency: 84%Combined Cycle Generation
CO2 Emissions CHP Plant
Efficiency: 45%
CHP Fuel (G )
Power Station Fuel(Gas)
CO2 Emissions19k Tonnes/yr
6.1MWe 117
(Gas)
Lb/MMBtu
(Gas)
117lb/MMBtu
Efficiency: 80%
9 2
Boiler Fuel (Gas)
HeatBoiler Heat9.2MWth
CO2 Emissions
18k Tonnes/yr
CO2 Emissions
32k Tonnes/yr
117Lb/MMBtu
…TOTAL ANNUAL CO2 EMISSIONS…40k Tonnes 32k Tonnes8,000 Tonnes Saved/Year
CHP As a Solution to Climate Change
• Today’s Technology
• Flexibility to Fit a Variety of Applications
• High Efficiency Equates to Low GHG Emissions
• Also Has a Low Criteria Pollutant (NOx, CO) Signature
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