chapter twelve saturated hydrocarbons. copyright © houghton mifflin company. all rights reserved.12...
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Chapter TwelveChapter TwelveSaturated
Hydrocarbons
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Saturated Hydrocarbons cont’d
© Bill Ross/CORBIS
CO 12.1
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← Fig. 12.1 Sheer numbers is one reason why organic chemistry is a separate field of chemical study.
Saturated Hydrocarbons cont’d
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Fig. 12.2 Terms for organic compounds.
Saturated Hydrocarbons cont’d
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← Fig. 12.3 Molecular structures of (a) methane, (b) ethane, and (c) propane, the three simplest alkanes.
Saturated Hydrocarbons cont’d
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→ CC 12.1Decomposition of plant and animal matter in marshes is a good source of methane gas.
Saturated Hydrocarbons cont’d
Doug Martin/Photo Researchers
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Fig. 12.4 Models of (a) pentane, (b) isopentane, and (c) neopentane.
Saturated Hydrocarbons cont’d
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Fig. 12.5 The four most common branched-chain alkyl groups and their IUPAC names.
Saturated Hydrocarbons cont’d
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Fig. 12.6 Simple cycloalkanes
Saturated Hydrocarbons cont’d
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Fig. 12.7 A rock formation such as this is necessary for the accumulation of petroleum and natural gas.
Saturated Hydrocarbons cont’d
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← Fig. 12.8 An oil rig pumping oil from an underground rock formation.
Saturated Hydrocarbons cont’d
© Richard Megna/Fundamental Photographs, NYC
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→ Fig. 12.9 The complex hydrocarbon mixture present in petroleum is separated into simpler mixtures by means of a fractionating column.
Saturated Hydrocarbons cont’d
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← Fig. 12.10 The insolubility of alkanes in water is used to advantage by many plants.
Saturated Hydrocarbons cont’d
© Daryl Solomon/Envision
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→ Fig. 12.11 For a series of alkanes or cycloalkanes, melting point increases as carbon chain length increases.
Saturated Hydrocarbons cont’d
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← Fig. 12.12 A physical-state summary for unbranched alkanes and unsubstituted cycloalkanes at room temperature and pressure.
Saturated Hydrocarbons cont’d
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→ CC 12.2A semi-solid alkane mixture, such as Vaseline, is useful as a skin protector.
Saturated Hydrocarbons cont’d
Michael Newman/PhotoEdit
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← Fig. 12.13 Propane fuel tank on a home barbecue unit.
Saturated Hydrocarbons cont’d
Phil Degginger/Color-Pic
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→ Fig. 12.14 In an alkane substitute reaction, an incoming atom or group of atoms replaces a hydrogen atom in the alkane molecule.
Saturated Hydrocarbons cont’d
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Saturated Hydrocarbons cont’d
CAG 12.1
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CC 12. 3
Saturated Hydrocarbons cont’d
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Fig. 12.15 Models of four ethyl halides.
Saturated Hydrocarbons cont’d
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Table 12.4
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