chapter 8 skin disorders & diseases learning objectives identify and describe common skin...

Chapter 8

Skin Disorders & Diseases

Learning Objectives

• Identify and describe common skin lesions, differentiating between primary and secondary lesions.

• List and describe common disorders of the sebaceous glands.

• List and describe common changes in skin pigmentation.

• Identify the forms of skin cancer including symptoms and mortality rates.

• Identify and describe the major causes of acne and current treatments.

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Learning Objectives (continued)

• List the factors that contribute to the aging of the skin.

• Explain the effects of exposure to the sun on the skin.

• Describe contact dermatitis and prevention measures for cosmetologists.

Introduction

• Skin care specialists are in high.• Some stylists find caring for the skin less arduous and

physically demanding • Skin care is an area of rapid change and growth• Knowing the basics of skin care and how the skin

functions will allow you to advise clients on their skin care regimens when they seek your professional opinion.

Identify Disorders and Diseases of the Skin

• Dermatologist – a physician who specializes in diseases and disorders of the skin, hair, and nails

• Clients with inflamed skin disorders, whether infectious or not, should not be served in the salon.

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Lesions of the Skin

• A lesion is a mark on the skin or structural change in tissues caused by injury or disease.

Primary Lesions of the Skin

Bulla – blister

Cyst – sac containing fluid pus

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Macule – small, discolored spot or patch

Nodule – solid bump larger than 0.4 inches

Papule – pimple

Pustule – raised, inflamed pimple

Primary Lesions of the Skin (continued)

Tumor – abnormal cell mass

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Vesicle – small blister with clear fluid

Primary Lesions of the Skin (continued)

Wheal – itchy, swollen lesion (hives)

Secondary Lesions

Fissure – crack in the skin

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Crust – dead cells formed over a wound or blemish

Excoriation – skin sore or abrasion

Keloid – thick scar

Scale – thin plate of epidermal flakes

Secondary Lesions (continued)

Scar or cicatrix – light-colored, slightly raised mark on skin

Ulcer – open lesion with pus

Identify Disorders of the Sebaceous (Oil) Glands

• Comedones – open, closed

• Milia – benign, keratin-filled cyst

• Acne – common pimples

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• Sebaceous cyst – large, protruding, pocketlike lesion filled with sebum

• Seborrheic dermatitis – inflammation of the sebaceous glands

• Rosacea – chronic inflammatory congestion of the cheeks and nose

Identify Disorders of the Sebaceous (Oil) Glands (continued)

Identify Disorders of the Sudoriferous (Sweat) Gland

• Anhidrosis – lack of perspiration

• Bromidrosis – foul-smelling perspiration

• Hyperhidrosis – excessive perspiration

• Miliaria rubra – prickly heat

Recognize Inflammations and Common Infections of the Skin

• Conjunctivitis – pinkeye• Dermatitis – inflammatory skin condition• Eczema – acute, chronic lesions (dry or moist)

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• Herpes simplex – fever blisters

• Impetigo – weeping lesions

• Psoriasis – common, chronic, inflammatory skin disease

Recognize Inflammations and Common Infections of the Skin (continued)

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Recognize Pigment Disorders of the Skin

• Hyperpigmentation

• Hypopigmentation

• Albinism

• Chloasma

• Lentigines

• Leukoderma

• Nevus

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• Stains

• Tan

• Vitiligo

Recognize Pigment Disorders of the Skin (continued)

List Hypertrophies of the Skin

• Keratoma – callus

• Mole – small brownish spot or blemish

• Skin tag – small brown or flesh-colored outgrowth of the skin

• Verruca – wart

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Understand Skin Cancer

• Basal cell carcinoma

• Squamous cell carcinoma

• Malignant melanoma

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The ABCDE cancer checklist

A – Asymmetry

B – Border

C – Color

D – Diameter

E – Evolving

Understand Skin Cancer (continued)

Examine Acne and Problem Skin

• Retention hyperkeratosis – hereditary tendency for acne-prone skin to retain dead cells in the follicle

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Examine Acne and Problem Skin (continued)

• Propionibacterium acnes – anaerobic (cannot survive in the presence of oxygen)

• Acne papule – inflammatory acne lesion resulting from follicle wall rupture and infusion of blood

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Acne Treatment

• Cleansers and toners for oily skin

• Follicle exfoliants

• Avoidance of fatty skin-care products

• Light moisturizer

Examine Acne and Problem Skin (continued)

Analyze Aging Skin Issues

Intrinsic Factors – skin aging factors over which we have little control

• Genetics and ethnicity

• Gravity

• Facial expressions

Extrinsic Aging Factors

Extrinsic factors – environmental factors• Sun exposure• Smoking• Overuse of alcohol• Smoking and drinking together• Stress• Poor nutrition• Exposure to pollution

Understand the Sun and its Effects

• 80 to 85 percent of aging is caused by sun’s rays.

• UVA rays – weaken the collagen and elastin fibers

• UVB rays – burning rays that cause sunburn and tanning by affecting the melanocytes

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Protection from the Sun

• Avoid deliberate exposure.

• Avoid prolonged exposure.

• Apply sunscreen liberally.

• Avoid exposing children under six months old.

• Wear hat and protective clothing outdoors.

Recognize Contact Dermatitis

An inflammation of the skin caused by having contact with certain chemicals or substances.

• Allergic Contact Dermatitis

• Irritant Contact Dermititis

Allergic Contact Dermatitis

• Caused when skin is allergic to an ingredient or product.

• Sensitization – an allergic reaction created by repeated exposure to a chemical or substance

Irritant Contact Dermatitis

• Caused when irritating substances temporarily damage the epidermis

• Examples: corrosive substances or exfoliating agents

• Avoided by wearing gloves when working with irritating chemicals

Protect Yourself

• Keep tools and surroundings clean (proper disinfection of brush handles, containers, surfaces, etc.).

• Wear protective gloves.

• Keep hands clean and moisturized.

Summary and Review

• The skin is the largest organ of the body and protects us from the environment, regulates body temperature, and provides sensation.

• The skin can be affected quite easily by most salon services.

• By learning to identify the various diseases and disorders of the skin, you will be able to provide more effective and safe services for your clients.

Chapter Review Questions

1. Define a primary skin lesion and list three types.

2. Define a secondary skin lesion and list three types.

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3. Name and describe at least five disorders of the sebaceous glands

Chapter Review Questions (continued)

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4. Name and describe at least five changes in skin pigmentation.

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Chapter Review Questions (continued)

5. Name and describe the three forms of skin cancer.

6. What are two major causes of acne and how should they be effectively treated?

7. What is the most significant factor in aging of the skin and increasing risk of all types of skin cancer?

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Chapter Review Questions (continued)

8. Explain the effect of overexposure to the sun on the skin.

9. What is contact dermatitis and how it can be prevented?

Chapter Review Questions (continued)