chapter 7: cell structure and function honors biology 2008-2009

Chapter 7: Cell Structure and FunctionHonors Biology 2008-2009

1665

•Hooke publishes first drawings of cork

•Uses the word “cell” for the first time

1674

•Leeuwenhoek observes tiny “living” things in pond water using microscope

1838-1839

•Schleiden concludes that plants are made of cells

•Schwann concludes that animals are made of cells

1855

•Virchow proposes Cell Theory

Cells: A Brief History

Cell Theory

•All living things are made of cells.

•Cells are the basic unit of structure and function for all

living things.•New cells come from pre-

existing cells.

Prokaryotic Cell

Cell membrane

Cell membrane

Cytoplasm

Cytoplasm

Nucleus

Organelles

Eukaryotic Cell

Section 7-1

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Go to Section:

DNA & Ribosomes too!

DNA & Ribosomes too!

Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Venn Diagram

DNA cytoplasm nucleus ribosomescell membrane organelles bacteriaplant/animal cells

DNAcell membranecytoplasmribosomes

bacteria nucleusorganellesplant/animal cells

Cell Part Function Analogy Prokaryotic

Eukaryotic

Animal

Plant

Cell Membrane Controls flow of molecules in and out of the cell; protection

Submarine; balloon

Cell Wall Structure and support

bricks on a building

Ribosomes Assembles proteins factory; assembly line

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Transports proteins and other cell materials

highway

Golgi Apparatus Packages and labels proteins post office

Lysosomes Breaks down and recycles cell parts

garbage disposal;

recycling truck

Vacuoles Stores materials; provides support for plants

warehousesmall

large

Mitochondria Converts food energy (glucose) into chemical energy (ATP)

battery; weight room

Chloroplast Converts sun’s energy into food energy (glucose)

kitchen

Cytoskeleton Provides shape and movement to cell bones

Animal Cell

Plant Cell

Animal Plant

Plant vs. Animal Venn Diagram

cell membrane endoplasmic reticulum mitochondriacytoplasm Golgi apparatus chloroplastcell wall cytoskeleton lysosomesribosomes vacuoles nucleus

cell membranecytoplasmribosomesendoplasmic reticulumGolgi apparatuscytoskeletonvacuolesmitochondrianucleus

lysosomescell wallchloroplast