chapter 5: classical conditioning: underlying processes s-s vs s-r learning theoretical explanations

Chapter 5:Classical Conditioning:Underlying Processes

S-S vs S-R Learning Theoretical Explanations

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w3sgR12ZSh8

Two Models of LearningS-R model

::NS US UR

CS UR

S-R LearningSecond-Order Conditioning ::

::After extinction of light No bar pressing

Theoretical Explanations

Stimulus-Substitution Theory CS acts as a substitute for US

“food center” “salivation center”

“light center”

Sign Tracking

Situation where Stimulus-Substitution does not explain events

Jump (UR) Freeze (CR)

Theoretical Explanations

Preparatory-Response Theory CS tells organism to get ready for US

Two Models of LearningS-S model

::NS US UR

CS US

S-S LearningBlocking

US and CS associated

S-S LearningUS Revaluation

:

S-R model

S-S model

Dog : Bite Fear

NS US UR

Dog : Bite Fear

NS US UR

Two Models of Learning

Homeostatic Systems

Theoretical ExplanationsPreparatory-Response Theory

Compensatory-Response Model

Unconditioned response to shock:Shock increased heart rate US UR

First few pairings:Tone:Shock increased heart rate NS US URTone increased heart rate CS CR

After repeated pairings:Tone:Shock increased heart rate NS US URTone decreased heart rate CS CR

Drug Addiction Heroin-related cues: Heroin Decreased blood pressure

NS US UR

Heroin-related cues Increased blood pressure CS UR

Heroin Decreased blood pressure Increased blood pressure

a-process b-process US UR/US UR

Drug Addiction

Heroin-related cues: Relaxing effect Tension a-process b-process

NS US UR

Heroin-related cues tension CS CR

Drug Tolerance

Theories:What causes the learning?

Stimulus-Substitution Theory CS acts as a substitute for US

Preparatory-Response Theory CS tells organism to get ready for US Compensatory-Response Model

Rescorla-Wagner Model

Proposes that the US has a limited amount of associative value, and that this value is distributed among the available CSs

Examples

1. Tone (V=0): Food (Max=10) 10 drops of saliva

Tone (V=10) 10 drops of saliva

Examples

2. [Loud Tone + Dim Light] (V=0) : Food (Max=10) 10 drops of saliva

Loud Tone (V=9) 9 drops of saliva Dim Light (V=1) 1 drops of saliva

Examples

3. [Tone (V=10) + Light (V=0)] : Food (Max=10) 10 drops of saliva

Tone (V=10) 10 drops of saliva Light (V=0) 0 drops of saliva