chapter 4 179-193. restrictive when or that at the time, the statues were still standing. the dutch...
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Chapter 4179-193
Restrictive when or that
• At the time, the statues were still standing.
• The Dutch arrived then.
• At the time when the Dutch arrived, the statues were still standing.
Nonrestrictive when
• In 1722, the statues were still standing.
• The Dutch arrived then.
• In 1722, when the Dutch arrived, the statues were still standing.
• When, that_ then
• Where, which, that_ here
•
• Adjective clauses
• Whom
• which
• Sailors attacked the islanders.
• Three of the islanders were killed.
• Sailors attacked the islanders, three of the whom were killed.
Subject - verb agreement
• It was the only one of the islands that was formed by volcanoes.
• It is one of the islands that were formed by volcanoes.
Active Voice
• Active Voice – indicates that the subject of the verb is acting
• Because the subject does or "acts upon" the verb in such sentences, the sentences are said to be in the active voice.
Active Voice
• These examples show that the subject is doing the verb's action.• The dog jumped onto the boy.• The dog (subject) is doing the jumping
(verb).
• Kristy will give a book report to the class.• Kristy (subject) is doing the giving (verb).
• The computer ate my paper.• The computer (subject) is doing the eating
(verb).
Passive Voice
• In a passive voice sentence, the subject and object flip-flop. The subject becomes the passive recipient of the action.
• Because the subject is being "acted upon" (or is passive), such sentences are said to be in the passive voice.
Passive Voice
• These examples show the subject being acted upon by the verb.
• The boy was jumped on by the dog. • Boy (subject) was being jumped on (verb)
• A book report will be given by Kristy to the class.• Report (subject) will be given (verb).
• My paper was eaten by the computer.• Paper (subject) was being eaten (verb).
Reduction of adjective clauses with verbs in the active voice
(nonrestrictive)
• Clause:
• The Taj Mahal, which sits on the Yamuna river, is one of the architectural wonders of the world.
• Participial Phrase:
• The Taj Mahal, sitting on the Yamuna river, is one of the architectural wonders of the world.
Reduction of adjective clauses with verbs in the passive voice (simple
tenses)
• Clause:
• The Taj Mahal, which was built by Shah Jahan, is made of white marble.
• Participial Phrase:
• The Taj Mahal, built by Shah Jahan, is made of white marble.
Reduction of adjective clauses with verbs in the passive voice (continuous
tense)
• Clause:
• The temples that were being built during this time had a variety of designs.
• Participial Phrase:
• The temples being built during this time had a variety of designs.
Reduction of adjective clauses with verbs in the passive voice
(nonrestrictive)
• Clause:
• Today tourists flock to Machu Picchu, which was discovered by archeologists in 1911.
• Participial Phrase:
• Today tourists flock to Machu Picchu, discovered by archeologists in 1911.
Reduction of adjective clauses with verbs in the passive voice (restrictive)
• Clause:
• Some cities that were not protected by walls fell to invaders.
• Participial Phrase:
• Some cities not protected by walls fell to invaders.
Placement of nonrestrictive participial phrases
• Clause:
• King Saud University, which is located in Badea, is a good school.
• Participial phrase:
• King Saud University, located in Badea, is a good school.
• Located in Badea, King Saud University is a good school.
Placement of nonrestrictive participial phrases
• Participial phrase:
• King Saud University is a good school, located in Badea,
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