Chapter 4179-193

Restrictive when or that

• At the time, the statues were still standing.

• The Dutch arrived then.

• At the time when the Dutch arrived, the statues were still standing.

Nonrestrictive when

• In 1722, the statues were still standing.

• The Dutch arrived then.

• In 1722, when the Dutch arrived, the statues were still standing.

• When, that_ then

• Where, which, that_ here

•

• Adjective clauses

• Whom

• which

• Sailors attacked the islanders.

• Three of the islanders were killed.

• Sailors attacked the islanders, three of the whom were killed.

Subject - verb agreement

• It was the only one of the islands that was formed by volcanoes.

• It is one of the islands that were formed by volcanoes.

Active Voice

• Active Voice – indicates that the subject of the verb is acting

• Because the subject does or "acts upon" the verb in such sentences, the sentences are said to be in the active voice.

Active Voice

• These examples show that the subject is  doing the verb's action.• The dog jumped onto the boy.• The dog (subject) is doing the jumping

(verb).

• Kristy will give a book report to the class.• Kristy (subject) is doing the giving (verb).

• The computer ate my paper.• The computer (subject) is doing the eating

(verb).

Passive Voice

• In a passive voice sentence, the subject and object flip-flop. The subject becomes the passive recipient of the action.

• Because the subject is being "acted upon" (or is passive), such sentences are said to be in the passive voice.

Passive Voice

• These examples show the subject being acted upon by the verb.

• The boy was jumped on by the dog. • Boy (subject) was being jumped on (verb)

• A book report will be given by Kristy to the class.• Report (subject) will be given (verb).

• My paper was eaten by the computer.• Paper (subject) was being eaten (verb).

Reduction of adjective clauses with verbs in the active voice

(nonrestrictive)

• Clause:

• The Taj Mahal, which sits on the Yamuna river, is one of the architectural wonders of the world.

• Participial Phrase:

• The Taj Mahal, sitting on the Yamuna river, is one of the architectural wonders of the world.

Reduction of adjective clauses with verbs in the passive voice (simple

tenses)

• Clause:

• The Taj Mahal, which was built by Shah Jahan, is made of white marble.

• Participial Phrase:

• The Taj Mahal, built by Shah Jahan, is made of white marble.

Reduction of adjective clauses with verbs in the passive voice (continuous

tense)

• Clause:

• The temples that were being built during this time had a variety of designs.

• Participial Phrase:

• The temples being built during this time had a variety of designs.

Reduction of adjective clauses with verbs in the passive voice

(nonrestrictive)

• Clause:

• Today tourists flock to Machu Picchu, which was discovered by archeologists in 1911.

• Participial Phrase:

• Today tourists flock to Machu Picchu, discovered by archeologists in 1911.

Reduction of adjective clauses with verbs in the passive voice (restrictive)

• Clause:

• Some cities that were not protected by walls fell to invaders.

• Participial Phrase:

• Some cities not protected by walls fell to invaders.

Placement of nonrestrictive participial phrases

• Clause:

• King Saud University, which is located in Badea, is a good school.

• Participial phrase:

• King Saud University, located in Badea, is a good school.

• Located in Badea, King Saud University is a good school.

Placement of nonrestrictive participial phrases

• Participial phrase:

• King Saud University is a good school, located in Badea,