chapter 21 presenting insights and findings: oral presentations mcgraw-hill/irwin copyright © 2011...

Chapter 21Chapter 21

Presenting Insights Presenting Insights and Findings: and Findings:

Oral PresentationsOral Presentations

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 

21-2

Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

Understand . . .

• How the oral research presentation differs from and is similar to traditional public speaking.

• Why historical rhetorical theory has practical influence on business presentation skills in the 21st century.

• How to plan for the research presentation.

• The frameworks and patterns of organizing a presentation.

21-3

Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

Understand . . .

• The uses and differences between the types of materials designed to support your points.

• How proficiency in research presentations requires designing good visuals and knowing how use them effectively.

• The importance of delivery to getting and holding the audience’s attention.

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Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

Understand . . .

• Why practice is an essential ingredient to success and how to do it.

• What needs to be assembled and checked to be certain that arrangements for the occasion and venue are ready.

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Virtual MeetingsVirtual Meetings

“Thanks to the vast improvements intechnology, the time is right for companiesto include completely virtual meetingoptions as part of their overall meetingsstrategy.

Chris Gaia, vice president of marketing-travel division

Maritz

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PulsePoint: Research PulsePoint: Research RevelationRevelation

15 The percent of less information that is delivered verbally when using a PowerPoint presentation

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Oral Oral Presentation Presentation and the and the Research Research ProcessProcess

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Model for Model for Presentation PlanningPresentation Planning

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Artistotle’s ProofsArtistotle’s Proofs

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Aristotle ProofsAristotle Proofs& the Presentation& the Presentation

EthosEthos

PathosPathos

LogosLogos

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Questions Guide the PlanQuestions Guide the Plan

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Audience AnalysisAudience Analysis

Seven Questions to Understand Your Audience

• Who are they?

• Why are they here?

• What keeps them up at night?

• Why should they care about the presentation?

• What do you want them to do?

• Should you expect resistance?

• How can you best reach them?

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Types of LearnersTypes of Learners

Visual

Auditory

Kinesthetic

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Psychological PrinciplesPsychological Principles

• Selective Perception

• Process Meanings

• Imaginative Construction

• Audience Construct Formation

• Recency Effect

• Primacy Effect

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Web-based PresentationWeb-based Presentation

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Patterns of OrganizationPatterns of Organization

TopicalTopical

SpatialSpatial

ClassificationClassification

ClimaxClimax

Problem/SolutionProblem/Solution

ChronologicalChronological

Past/present/futurePast/present/future

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Patterns of OrganizationPatterns of Organization

Past/present/futurePast/present/future

Cause/effect/solutionCause/effect/solution

Pros/Cons/Recommendation

Pros/Cons/Recommendation

Research BriefingResearch Briefing

Motivated SequenceMotivated Sequence

NarrativeNarrative

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SupportSupport

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Support ChecklistSupport Checklist

Factor Description

Relevant Relevant to the point it is supporting

Appropriate Fill the needs and style of the audience

Believable Accurate, ethically sound and fairly presented

Timely Workable with in presentation time limits

Variety More than one type of support

Balanced Between quantity and variety

Speaker Specific Enhance speaker’s style of delivery & message

Stylistic Benefits from analogies and metaphors

Simplicity Statistics are understandable

Detail Developed to point that audience can understand

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SupportSupport

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Developing a StoryDeveloping a Story

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Visualization ToolsVisualization Tools

Slides

Notes

Handouts

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Psychological Principles Psychological Principles of Visualizationof Visualization

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Visual Preparation

Flow Aids

Whitespace

Picture Supremacy

Photographic Framing

Visual Design PrinciplesVisual Design Principles

Visibility

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Simplicity

Clarity

Visual Design PrinciplesVisual Design Principles

Contrast

Relationship

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Design Flow AidsDesign Flow Aids

21-27

Graphs Graphs for Oralsfor Orals

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Rx for Better SlidesRx for Better Slides

Low Word CountLow Word Count

Avoid SlideumentsAvoid Slideuments

Keep it SimpleKeep it Simple

10-20-30 Rule10-20-30 Rule

Large Font SizeLarge Font Size

Use Bullets in ModerationUse Bullets in Moderation

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Modes of DeliveryModes of Delivery

ImpromptuImpromptu

MemorizedMemorized

Manuscript ReadingManuscript Reading

ExtemporaneousExtemporaneous

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Delivery PrinciplesDelivery Principles

Avoid ClutterAvoid Clutter

Reduce JargonReduce Jargon

Align Non-Verbal Communication

Align Non-Verbal Communication

PracticePractice

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Non Verbal Admonitions Non Verbal Admonitions for a Speakerfor a Speaker

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Causes of AnxietyCauses of Anxiety

Perceiving audience as judgesPerceiving audience as judges

Possibility of visible failurePossibility of visible failure

Need to avoid failureNeed to avoid failure

Uncertainty of ability to do wellUncertainty of ability to do well

Focus on own behavior & appearanceFocus on own behavior & appearance

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Anxiety Coping StrategiesAnxiety Coping Strategies

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Speaker BehaviorsSpeaker Behaviorsto Avoidto Avoid

Vocal•Speak too softly

•Speak too rapidly

•Fail to vary volume, tone, and rate of speaking

•Fill pauses with you know, um, ah

Physical•Rock back and forth

•Pace without purpose

•Fiddle with things, hair, jewelry, clothing

•Stare into space

•Fail to make eye contact

•Move cursor without purpose.

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ArrangementsArrangements

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ArrangementsArrangements

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ArrangementsArrangements

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ArrangementsArrangements

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Key TermsKey Terms

• analogy • audience analysis • auditory learners • clarity • contrast • compatibility • clutter • demonstration

• enthymeme • ethos • example • expert opinion • extemporaneous

presentation • eye contact • Fact

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Key TermsKey Terms

• flow aids • gestures • impromptu speaking • jargon • kinesthetic learners • logos • manuscript reading • memorization

• metaphor • motivated sequence • narrative pattern • nonverbal

communication • paralanguage • pathos • performance anxiety

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Key TermsKey Terms

• photographic framing • posture and body

orientation • primacy effect • principle of

appropriate knowledge • principle of capacity

limitations

• principle of discriminability

• principle of informative changes

• principle of perceptual organization

• principle of relevance • principle of salience

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Key TermsKey Terms

• recency effect • relationship • research briefing • rule of three • rule of thirds • script • simplicity • speaker note cards

• specific instance • statistics • stories • 10-minute rule • testimony • three-point speech • visibility • visualization

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Key TermsKey Terms

• visual learners • visual preparation

• Web-delivered presentation • whitespace