chapter 10: the american revolution and british north … · north american colonies through the...

CHAPTER10:THEAMERICANREVOLUTIONANDBRITISH

NORTHAMERICA

TIMeline

• Timeline• 1759 – BattleofthePlainsofAbraham• 1760 – TreatyofParisendsSevenYears’War• 1763 – RoyalProclamationlimitsgrowthofAmericanColonies• 1765 – StampActpassed• 1768 – Tecumsehborn• 1773 – BostonTeaParty• 1774 – QuebecActpassed

timeline

• 1774 – ContinentalCongressmeeting• 1775 – AmericanRevolutionbegins• 1775 – AmericanstriedandfailedtoseizeQuebec• 1776 – AmericanDeclarationofIndependence• 1783 – AmericanRevolutionendswithAmericanVictory• 1791 – ConstitutionalActcreatesEnglishUpperCanadaandFrenchLowerCanada• 1812 – WarbreaksoutbetweenBritishNorthAmericaandtheUnitedStates• 1815 – EndoftheWarof1812

THEFALLOFQUEBEC

• TheSevenYears’Warendedin1759withthesurrenderofthefortressandcityofQuebec

• TheFrenchgovernor,theMarquisdeVaudreuil,heldontoMontrealandnearlybeattheBritishin1760 inabattleatSte Foy.HesurrenderedtotheBritish whenherealizedtherewasnohelpfromFrancecominguptheSt.LawrenceRiver.

THEFALLOFQUEBEC

• AccordingtotheTreatyofParis(signedin1763),France gaveupallrightsandcoloniesinNorthAmericatoBritainexcept:• LouisianaandthestateofNewOrleans...whichshegavetoSpain

• TheislandsofSt.PierreandMiquelon,nearNewfoundland

• FrancereceivedMartinique,Guadaloupe andothersugarislandsintheCaribbeaninexchangeforitsNorthAmericancoloniesthroughtheTreatyofParis• ThisiswhymanypeopleinHaiti speakFrench!

BRITISHRULEOFQUEBEC

• Quebeccameundermilitaryrule followingtheSevenYears’War;soldierswereeverywhere

• TheBritishhadhopedthattheFrenchwouldforgettheirlanguageandtraditions butitdidnothappen

• TheBritishtreatedtheCanadiens reasonablywell– theypaidforsuppliesinsteadofstealing them,manyFrenchCaptainsofMilitiakepttheirjobs

BRITISHRULEOFQUEBEC

• Frenchfurmerchants departedforFranceorwenttoLouisiana followingthefallofNewFranceandwerereplaced byScottish andAmerican traderswhobasedoutofMontreal (andthereforebecame knownas“Montrealers”.• These “Montrealers”wererowdy(accordingtotheBritish)andtookover/expanded furtradingroutestothewest,eventually setting uptheNorthWestCompany andsending explorerstothePacific Ocean.

NATIVERESISTANCE

• Nativepeopleswerenotatallhappy withtheresultsoftheSevenYears’War

• TheyknewthatBritishandAnglo-Americantradersandsettlerswereaseriousthreat totheirwayoflife

• Scottish;scottish;factories;LandSpeculators

• Nativegroupswereveryjustified intheir concerns. JeffreyAmhers,commander oftheBritisharmyinNewFrance inthe1960sdeliberatelyspread thedeadly smallpoxtotheaboriginal peoplesbyorderinghissoldiers togiveawayblankets infectedwiththedisease.

NATIVERESISTANCE

• Whydidn’tBritainanswerthenativepeoples’ pleatostopincreased tradeandsettlement?• Scottish tradersweresupported byScottish membersoftheBritishparliament• LargeBritishfactories soldgoodsthroughthetradersanddidnotwantthistradetostop

• Landspeculators (onewhobuysandsells landwiththeexpectation ofprofit)hadalotofsupportfortheiractivities inBritain

NATIVERESISTANCE

• TheOttawachiefnamedPontiac triedtounite nativetribes tofighttheBritish.• Hisdream:buildingasingleaboriginal nation intheinteriorofNorthAmerica

• Heneeded butdidnotgetmilitarysupportfromtheFrench• British forces defeated himandhiswarriors• Followinghisdeath,SirWilliam Johnson,afriendoftheMohawks,calledapeaceconferencethatsplit hisremainingsupporters

• Hisresistance forcedtheBritish governmenttorethinktheirpolicyinAmerica,resulting in…

AROYALPROCLAMATION

• In1763 KingGeorgeIIIissuedaRoyalProclamation(anannouncementthathadtheforceoflaw)• Itcutofflandspeculationtothewest oftheAppalachianMountains,meaningsettlersfromtheThirteenColonies couldnotmoveintotheOhioValleyandotherdesirableareas

• ItrecognizedthatmostofthelandswestoftheAppalachianMountainsbelongedtothenativepeoplessosettlersandtraderswouldneedpermission toentertheirland.

• Ithasneverbeencancelledandmanyfirstnationslandclaimagreementsrefertoit.

AROYALPROCLAMATION

• TheRoyalProclamationmadethecolonistsfeelthattheBritishgovernmentdidnotregardthemasequals andindirectly ledtotheAmericanRevolution whichresultedintothecreationoftheUnitedStates.

THEQUEBECACT

• In1774 theBritishgovernmentpassedtheQuebecActmakingtheconqueredterritoryintoanewBritishcolony.

• Ingeneral,theActwasgoodfortheFrench butitcausedmajorproblemswiththeAmericans.

• ItrecognizedtheimportanceoftheCatholic Church,keptFrenchlaw forbusinessmattersandmadeQuebeclarger bysettingitsboundariesfarthertothenorth andeast.

• ItcontainedsecretinstructionstothegovernortointroduceEnglishcivillawandsuppresstheCatholicChurch.

THEQUEBECACT

• Manyhabitants weredisappointedwiththeQuebecActbecausetheyexpectedtogetanelectedassembly,similartotheonethattheThirteenColonieshad,buttheydidnot.

• TheQuebecActangeredtheAmerican colonistsbecausetheywerenowabsolutelypreventedfromexpandingintotheOhiovalley.TheyalsosawthelackofanelectedassemblyasanominoussignthattheBritishwouldnotgrantthemmoredemocraticrights.

• TheQuebecActisthoughttohaveleadstraighttotheAmericanRevolution.

THEAMERICANREVOLUTION

• TheBritishthoughttheAmericancolonistsweretroublesome andargumentativebecause theyhadstirreduptroublewiththeFrenchandnative peoples.• British troopsandshipsweresenttosettle thesetroubles andthevictorieswerebeingsubsidized byBritain’staxpayers.

• Britaindecided thatAmericanshouldpaytax• ThisdecisionwasmadewithoutAmericanconsentandtheyresisted butresented beingmadetofeel likesecond-class citizens

THEAMERICANREVOLUTION

• WhydidtheAmerican leaders haveahardtime opposingtheBritish?• Eachcolony wasseparate andhaditsownlegislature• People identified withthecolony inwhichtheylived.• Manypeoplehadclose linkswithBritainandevenownedproperty inthehomecountry.

• Therewerestrongbusiness ties betweenBritainandNorthAmerica.Britainusedrawmaterials fromNorthAmerica initsfactories andsentbackmanufacturedgoods

• AttheContinental Congress of1774,Americans decided toworktogether andpresentaunifiedfront toBritain.Eachcolonysentadelegate totheevent inPhiladelphia