ch. 12 cross cultural exchanges on the silk roads
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Ch. 12 Cross Cultural Exchanges on the Silk Roads
Silk Roads
Started by largeEmpires (ex. Roman,Han, Kushan) WEST
Mediterranean area& Roman Empire
EXPORTED: glasswareJewels, art, decorative items
EAST
Asia, India, China
Exported spices, fruitssilks
Discussion Question
01. What kind of economic advantage did the silk roads create?
Religions on the Silk
Roads
Merchants, missionaries, & others took advantage of the roads to spread
their beliefs
Christianity
MediterraneanBasin
Missionaries
Paul ofTarsus
Gregory The Wonderworker
Buddhism
Merchants Iran, C & SEAsia, & China
Hinduism
SW Asia
Very Devout,Strict
Merchants& Mariners
SE Asia(Vietnam & Cambodia)
Effected culture(ex. Rajas)
Manichaeism
Started by Mani Dualism
Light Dark
SpiritualMaterialWorld
Provided rationalExplanation of Good vs. evil High ethical
standards
Discussion Questions
02. Based on your knowledge compare and contrast any 2 of the following religions: Christianity, Buddhism, Hinduism, Manichaesim.
Epidemic Disease
Small pox, measles, bubonic plague
Han Dynasty Roman Empire
Population declineIn 400ce
Population decline in 2nd Century C.E.Economic
And Social Change
Trade declined &Became regional
Discussion Questions
03. In what ways did the network of trade routes called the silk roads make life during the classical era significantly different from life in the pre-classical era?
China after Han
Cultural Change Epidemic Disease Political Problems
Confucian Tradition Lost credibility
Nomads migratedInto China
Took Chinesenames
Married Chinese spouses
Took upAgriculture& settled
Left Confucianism towardBuddhism & Daoism
Attracted bymigrants already familiarw/it from India
Becomes morereligious than philosophical
Population declinedLost abilityTo maintainorder
Factionswithin ranks (marriagealliances)
Landholdings
Central gov’tdissolves
Generals ruledregions
The Fall of the Roman Empire
Internal Decay
BarracksEmperors
26 Generals
Died Violently
Diocletian
Divide RomeEast & West
Anatolia, SyriaEgypt & Greece
Gaul, SpainBritainN. Africa
Four Official Tetrarchs
Stabilize Economy
Constantine
Son of Co-ruler
New capitalConstantinople
Reunited Eastern& Western Rome
Still faced external threats
External ThreatsIntermittentHostilities w/Sasanids Visigoths
(Scandi-navia & Ru-ssia)
Adopted manyRoman cultures
army laws ChristianityAgriculture
Huns
Attila
Warrior king
PossbleCousinsOf Xiognu
Threatenedothers
Forced to Move intoRoman Boundaries
Moved around at will
Rome didn’t Entirely fall
Byzantine on the East
Discussion Questions
04. How did the nomadic peoples of Eurasia (Visigoths, Huns) impeded and/or contribute to the development of the silk roads?
Cultural Change in Roman EmpireChristianity
Prominentsurvivor ofRome
Becamelegitimatereligion
Constantine
Converted To Christianity
Edict of Milan
Allowed Christianity in Rome openly
Theodosius
Official Religion
St. Augustine
Bishop of Hippo in Africa
Converted toChristianity
Made Christianityintellectually respectable againstother philosophies& religions
Helped change a religion to a church
New Testament
Under Romanturmoil officialswanted to standardize teachings
After severaldebates
4th c.-27 shortwritings wererecognized asauthoritative
New Testament
Institutional Church
Hierarchy
Pope & Patriarchs
Bishops
Had more power
Claim to be the descendantof St. Peter
Became spiritual leader of Christiancommunity
Took careof diocese
Disputes Arise, de-cide officialdoctrine
Council of Nicea andChalcedon
Discuss Jesus’nature
Both human& divine Christianity survives
Imperial authority& will serve a cultural Unification from many lands
Discussion Questions
05. The textbook states “Christianity was perhaps the most prominent survivor of the Western Roman Empire.” What does this statement mean? How did Christianity manage to survive and thrive after the collapse of the empire?
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