causes of the war of 1812

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Causes Of the War of 1812

• Impressment of American Sailors

• Indian raids in the North West• America’s treatment of loyalist after the Revolutionary

War• British retaining their forts in North America after the

Revolutionary War

• Desire for Canada

Causes

Impressment of U.S. Sailors

• Great Britain would kidnap our sailors• Great Britain was involved in a war with

France and was desperate for sailors to man their navy. As a result they took our sailors, which made us mad.

• The main cause of the War of 1812

Impressment of U.S. Sailors

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Indian Raids in the North West

• Several Indian tribes were unified in a war against the United States.

• The Indians would raid small country towns and then retreat to the British forts where we couldn’t kill them.

• Added to our resentment for the British retaining their forts

Treatment of Loyalist• The U.S. government refused to return seized loyalist property

• After the Revolutionary War the United States Government wasn’t too keen on the idea of returning seized land to traitors. So we didn’t and that made the British angry with us.

• The 1783 Treaty of Paris stipulated that we would return loyalist property

• Made British angry

British Forts in the United States

• The 1783 Treaty of Paris stipulated that all British holdings would be forfeited to the United States Government. – It wasn’t and the British held on to their forts.

• Indians launched attacks from the British Forts

• We wanted to control all of our land

Want of Canadian Land

• This was a minor cause of the War of 1812

• Some Americas wanted more room to expand into. Mainly for farming and agriculture

• http://www.volny.cz/esi-lessons/Lessons/Maturita%20Materials/Canada%20map.jpg

Early Foreign Policy

Washington

Avoid Alliances Remain Neutral Stay out of European Wars Jay’s Treaty

Adams

XYZ Affair

Jefferson

Embargo Act

Attempts to avoid war

• Jay Treaty 1795- Washington sent Supreme Court Justice John Jay to negotiate a truce and stop Impressment

• Treaty of Greenville 1795- Set up boundaries between the U.S. and Indian land. White settlers ignored the boundaries set by the Treaty of Greenville

• Monroe-Pinkney Treaty 1806- A treaty that tried to stabilize relations between the U.S. and Great Britain but was never ratified by Congress.

War Hawks

• American Politicians who wanted to go to war

• Henry Clay- Speaker of the House

• John C. Calhoun

• James Madison ran on a pro war campaign

Battles

• Not important for the SOL, but just in case look at the map

Dolly Madison

• The British soldiers burnt Washington D.C.

• Dolly Madison saved a picture of George Washington when the White House was set on fire.

Not a historically accurate Picture

Francis Scott Key

• Was on board a British ship during a bombardment on Fort McHenry

• Was inspired by the American resolve and wrote the words to the Star Spangled Banner

Ft. McHenry

Battle of New Orleans

• Was fought after the Treaty of Ghent was already signed in Belgium

• Propelled Andrew Jackson to the national spotlight and allowed him to start his political career

• Let him wave the “bloody shirt” in his presidential elections

The Treaty of Ghent

• Signed December 24, 1814 in Belgium

• Officially ended the War of 1812• The Battle of New Orleans was fought after

the treaty was already signed• All land that was taken during the war was

returned to the original owner

Events during the War

• Failed Invasion of Canada• White House is burned to the

ground• Star Spangled Banner is written • Battle of New Orleans fought

after war is technically over

Effects of the War of 1812

• Nationalism increased• Proved our independence

– Second War for Independence

• Federalist Party was Destroyed

• North East manufacturing was able to grow

What were the results of the War of 1812

Vocabulary

Nationalism- A feeling of pride in one’s country and the belief that one’s country is superior to others.

1. Nationalism2. Proved strength of America3. Forced Americans to manufacture their own

goods4. Justified Neutrality 5. Andrew Jackson= War Hero6. Federalist Party Weakened

The War of 1812 is one of the forgotten wars of the United States. The war lasted for over two years, and while it ended much like it started; in stalemate; it was in fact a war that once and for all confirmed American Independence.

How did the War of 1812 confirm our independence?

The End