catalyst catalyst questions describe the difference between a dipole-dipole and hydrogen bond imf....

Catalyst Catalyst

Catalyst QuestionsCatalyst Questions

Describe the difference between a dipole-dipole and hydrogen bond IMF.

Describe the difference between a dipole-dipole and hydrogen bond IMF.

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Homework: Finish Pg 28L Mini-slip questions.

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25 RERUN: CuCl2 Lab Disappearing Aluminum Lab26 IMF Lab Tables IMF Table Notes27 (Empty) IMF Notes28 Practice Small Slip Notes: Nomenclature (Ionic)

Nomenclature

Question 1

What is the name of the force that holds two atoms together?

Chemical Bond

Question 2 The chemical bond that holds two or more nonmetals together is called what?

Covalent Bond

Forming Chemical Bonds

• The force that holds two atoms together is called a chemical bond.

• There are three types of bonds:• Ionic bonds (Metal/Nonmetal)• Covalent bonds(Nonmetal/Nonmetal)• Metallic bonds(Metal/Metal)

The Formation and Nature of Ionic Bonds• Cations are atoms with a positive charge.• Anions are atoms with a negative charge.• The electrostatic force holds ions of opposite

charge together, forming an ionic bond.

Question 3 • Fill in the missing blanks using vocabulary words.

Ionically bonded substances include metals and _________. They are held by _______________ forces. They form salts but also form crystal ___________ structures. When dissolved in water, they form an aqueous solution or mixture that conducts ________________.

Fill in the Graphic Organizer

Covalent Ionic Metallic

Now fill in what is missing, put stars next to them so you know that’s what you need to remember

Ionic BondsCharacteristics of ionic bonds:

Formed between metals and nonmetalsHigh melting point and boiling point.Able to conduct electricity when dissolved in water.Unable to conduct electricity in the solid phase.The strength of the bond depends on the charges, and

distance between ionsIonic bonds form a lattice structure

Covalent Bonds• Characteristics of covalent bonds:• Formed between nonmetal pairs• Electrons are shared between atoms• Lower melting points, Lower Boiling Points• Do not conduct electricity• Brittle solids

Metallic• Properties of metallic bonds:• Delocalized electrons• High electrical conductivity• High luster (shiny)• Remember that transitional metals have a varying

number of valence electrons.

Predict if the following bonds are ionic or covalent:

a) C-Nb) N-Oc) Na-Fd) Mg-Se) C-Hf) Ca-F

Predict if the following bonds are ionic or covalent:

a) C-N - Covalent b) N-O - Covalentc) Na-F -- Ionic d) Mg-S - Ionice) C-H - Covalent f) Ca-F - Ionic

What is an alloy?• An alloy is a mixture of two or more metals.

Names and Formulas for Ionic Compounds• The simplest ratio of the ions represented in an

ionic compound is called a formula unit.

The oxidation number of an ion can be determined with the aid of the periodic table.

+1

+2 -1-2-3+4+3

0For transitional metals below, charges vary so when naming ionic compounds with these elements, put the charge in parenthesis after the metal.

Example

Copper can have a +2 or +3 charge so to know which it is you put parenthesis next to the transitional metal.

Cu (II) means copper with a positive 2 charge Cu2+

Cu (III) means copper with a positive 3 charge Cu3+

Predict the oxidation number of the following elements:a) Alb) Mgc) Sid) Oe) Cl

Predict the oxidation number of the following elements:a) Al +3b) Mg +2c) Si +4d) O -2e) Cl -1

Nomenclature for Ionic Formula Units

There are over 50 million substances!

We CANNOT have unique names for all these substances, that would be too much!

That is why we have naming rules.

Nomenclature• Steps for writing ionic formulas:

1. Determine the symbol and oxidation number of the elements

2. If the charges are not the same, subscripts must be added to achieve equal number of positive and negative ions.

3. Criss-cross, ignore charge, write formula4. Metals always first, then nonmetal 5. NO prefixes needed. 6. Ionic formulas end in -ide

Show on Dry Erase:1. Example 1: calcium chloride2. Example 2: Potassium oxide

ExamplesWrite the formula of the following ionic compounds:• Magnesium chloride• Aluminum oxide• Iron (III) chloride• Chromium (III) oxide

You try first, then confirm with partners. Write the formula of the following ionic compounds:

a) Cesium nitrideb) Barium sulfidec) Calcium oxided) Aluminum fluoridee) Sodium oxide

What if the charges are the same, then just ignore charges, and write the formula, no need for criss- crossing!

For HW, you will be asked to on Page 28L:Write the formula of the following ionic compounds:1.Iron (II) oxide2.Iron (III) oxide3.Copper (II) chloride4.Lead (IV) iodide5.Silver (II) fluoride6.Iron (II) chloride7.Chromium (III) sulfide8.Titanium (II) oxide9.Lead (IV) sulfide10.Copper (I) nitride

To Do Quiz Complete Study Guide (you have this in your

notebook or backpack). Turn this in today. Homework: Pg 28 L Problems (small slip) Will

be stamped on Wednesday or Thursday.

Catalyst Catalyst

Catalyst QuestionsCatalyst QuestionsCheck your answers to the HW on Pg 28L: 1.Iron (II) oxide - FeO2.Iron (III) oxide – Fe2O3

3.Copper (II) chloride- CuCl2

4.Lead (IV) iodide – PbI4

5.Silver (II) fluoride AgF2

6.Iron (II) chloride – FeCl2

7.Chromium (III) sulfide – Cr2S3

8.Titanium (II) oxide - TiO9.Lead (IV) sulfide – PbS2

10.Copper (I) nitride – Cu3N

Check your answers to the HW on Pg 28L: 1.Iron (II) oxide - FeO2.Iron (III) oxide – Fe2O3

3.Copper (II) chloride- CuCl2

4.Lead (IV) iodide – PbI4

5.Silver (II) fluoride AgF2

6.Iron (II) chloride – FeCl2

7.Chromium (III) sulfide – Cr2S3

8.Titanium (II) oxide - TiO9.Lead (IV) sulfide – PbS2

10.Copper (I) nitride – Cu3N

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25 RERUN: CuCl2 Lab Disappearing Aluminum Lab26 IMF Lab Tables IMF Table Notes27 (Empty) IMF Notes28 Practice Small Slip Notes: Nomenclature (Ionic)

Write None on your pink form

Agenda

Honors: • Go over Honors Project on

Energy Crisis • Annotated Bibliography

Analysis • Goal: Identify 3 parts of an

annotated bibliography

Regular Chem• IMF Video Clip • IMF Readings • Go over Quiz

Catalyst Catalyst

Catalyst QuestionsCatalyst Questions

1.Write the ionic formula for silver (II) fluoride 2.What is the name for Fe2O3

1.Write the ionic formula for silver (II) fluoride 2.What is the name for Fe2O3

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25 RERUN: CuCl2 Lab Disappearing Aluminum Lab26 IMF Lab Tables IMF Table Notes27 (Empty) IMF Notes28 Practice Small Slip Notes: Nomenclature (Ionic)29 Practice Notes: Nomenclature (Covalent)

Ionic compounds with polyatomic ions

Polyatomic Ions

• Polyatomic ions are groups of atoms with a charge:

1.Ammonium (NH41+)

2.Hydronium H3O+

3.Hydroxide (OH1-) 4.Sulfate (SO4

2-)

5.Nitrate (NO31-)

6.Chromate (CrO42-)

7.Carbonate (CO32-)

8.Phosphate (PO43-)

9.Cyanide (CN-)10.Chlorate (ClO3

-1)

Review Ionic Formulas using polyatomic ionsWrite the formula of the following ionic compounds.

Use the flashcards:

a) Calcium nitrateb) Sodium sulfatec) Ammonium oxided) Lead (II) phosphatee) Lead (IV) phosphate

You TryWrite the formula of the following ionic compounds:

a) Chromium (III) hydroxide

b) Nickel (II) nitratec) Ammonium sulfated) Magnesium chlorate

You try one more timeWrite the formula of the following ionic compounds:a)Potassium carbonate b)Hydrogen carbonatec) Iron (III) hydroxided) Ammonium phosphatee) Sodium sulfate

Now backwards – ionic no prefixes!Write the names of each of the following formulas:

a)Na2O

b)CuCl2c) Cr2O3

HINT: Cu and Cr are transitional metals, so they need roman

numerals.

More practice for HW Name the following ionic formula units:

a) Cu2Ob) AgClc) AlBr3

d) Mg(NO3)2

e) CaF2

f) CuCl2g) FePO4

h) Cr2Oi) PbO2

j) SnCl4k) Ca(OH)2

l) Na2SO4

m) Ca3(PO4)2

o) (NH4)2SO4

Nomenclature for Covalent Compounds

Molecules that are made from a combination of two nonmetals (covalent?) require Greek prefixes in their names

Mono- 1 Hexa- 6

Di- 2 Hepta- 7Tri- 3 Octa- 8Tetra- 4 Nona- 9Penta- 5 Deca- 10

ExamplesFind the formula of the following

a) Phosphorus trifluorideb) Nitrogen dioxidec) Carbon trioxide

Mono is not required for the first nonmetal in the covalent compound

You Trya) Sulfur dibromideb) Sulfur hexachloridec) Phosphorus pentafluoride d) Nitrogen trihydridee) Oxygen difluoride

Now backwards, you tryName the following compounds:

a) SF2

b) NI3c) CF4

Homework

Name the following compounds:

a) PCl3b) N2O3

c) PF3

d) NF3

e) SCl2

Project Guidelines (Reg Chem) Must thoroughly summarize a unit No presentations/powerpoints/posters A proposal must be turned in today and must be approved

before starting.

To Do: Proposal must be turned in or verbally said to Mr. Narez Homework On Nomenclature Organize Notebook

Naming Organic Compounds

Organic Compounds containing carbon and hydrogens • Hydrocarbons are named by counting the number

of carbon atoms:

C1 – meth C6 – hex

C2 – eth C7 – hept

C3 – prop C8 – oct

C4 – but C9 – non

C5 – pent C10 – dec

3 types of hydrocarbons• The ending depends on the type of bond formed:• Single bond: -ane (Alkanes)• Double bond: -ene (Alkenes)• Triple bond: -yne (Alkynes)

Is it a ring or a chain?• The number of carbon atoms in a compound is

calculated by the formulas:

• CXH2X+2 for chains

• CXH2X for rings

ExamplesWrite the formula for each of the following: a) methaneb) butanec) cyclopropaned) C5H12

e) C6H14

f) C10H20

You tryWrite the formula for each of the following: a) heptaneb) cyclononanec) ethaned) C3H6

e) C5H12

f) C7H14

Nomenclature for Acids for Sem 2

Naming Acids • Binary acids are named using the prefix hydro- and the

suffix –ic acid.• No prefixes

• HCl hydrochloric acid• HBr hydrobromic acid• HI hydroiodic acid

• H2SO4sulfuric acid (no hydro- needed)

• HCN hydrocyanic acid

Catalyst

Catalyst Questions

1.Write the ionic formula for copper (II) chloride2.What is the name for CuF2

3.Convert 10 years into seconds using dimensional analysis (conversions)

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25 RERUN: CuCl2 Lab Disappearing Aluminum Lab26 IMF Lab Tables IMF Table Notes27 (Empty) IMF Notes28 Practice Small Slip Notes: Nomenclature (Ionic)29 Practice Notes: Nomenclature (Covalent)

Two Items

Write Around Rewrite the question in

simpler words Answer the question

Create 6 squares in front, 6 squares back for a total of 12 “stations”

Time: 60 min

Draft Project Create a draft of the

project. Should include at least

3 of the 7 terms if individual project

OR, 5 of the 10 if working in pairs.

Time: 40 minutes