carpets: a danger to children not many people in hk have carpets. why not? how could carpets be...
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Carpets: a danger to children
• Not many people in HK have carpets. Why not?
• How could carpets be dangerous?
• Why would carpets be more dangerous to children than to adults?
Carpets: A danger to children
Paragraph 1:Children/ pol.
Paragraph 2:Level ofpollution
Paragraph 3:Children risk+
Paragraph 4:Carpets dust+
Paragraph 5:Kinds of pol.
Paragraph 6:Pesticides
Paragraph 7:Pesticides -time
Paragraph 8:How muchaffect?
Paragraph 9:Disease U.S.+etc.
Some experts believe that dirty carpets may be one of the reasons behind what they see as an (48) increase in (49) in developed countries.
Paragraph 1:Children/ pol.
Paragraph 2:Level ofpollution
Paragraph 3:Children risk+
Paragraph 4:Carpets dust+
Paragraph 5:Kinds of pol.
Paragraph 6:Pesticides
Paragraph 7:Pesticides -time
Paragraph 8:How muchaffect?
Paragraph 9:Disease U.S.+etc.
Some experts believe that dirty carpets may be one of the reasons behind what they see as an (48) increase in (49) in developed countries.
• Paragraph 9.• “Many experts note
with alarm that in the US, … the incidence of children’s diseases … continue to rise.”
• How do the experts feel about the increase?
• Adjective• (48) alarming• What are we seeing an
increase in?• (49) children’s
diseases
These collect easily in carpets: studies have shown that a fully-carpeted home typically has about (50) much dust compared to one with (51).
Paragraph 1:Children/ pol.
Paragraph 2:Level ofpollution
Paragraph 3:Children risk+
Paragraph 4:Carpets dust+
Paragraph 5:Kinds of pol.
Paragraph 6:Pesticides
Paragraph 7:Pesticides -time
Paragraph 8:How muchaffect?
Paragraph 9:Disease U.S.+etc.
These collect easily in carpets: studies have shown that a fully-carpeted home typically has about (50) much dust compared to one with (51).
• Paragraph 4.• “A house with bare
floors usually has approximately one-tenth of the dust found in a house with wall-to-wall carpets”
• If a home with floors has one-tenth of the dust, we can say that a house with carpet has …
• (50) ten times as• We are comparing
homes with carpets to homes with …
• (51) uncarpeted/bare floors.
Unacceptably high levels of contaminants, including dangerous heavy (52) and other chemicals, are commonly found in carpet (53).
Paragraph 1:Children/ pol.
Paragraph 2:Level ofpollution
Paragraph 3:Children risk+
Paragraph 4:Carpets dust+
Paragraph 5:Kinds of pol.
Paragraph 6:Pesticides
Paragraph 7:Pesticides -time
Paragraph 8:How muchaffect?
Paragraph 9:Disease U.S.+etc.
Unacceptably high levels of contaminants, including dangerous heavy (52) and other chemicals, are commonly found in carpet (53).
• Paragraph 2• “A typical sample of
household carpet dust … would raise a serious alarm for the high concentrations of harmful heavy metals it contains.”
• What heavy substances do you find in carpets?
• (52) metals• Where exactly are
these metals found? In carpet …
• (53) dust
Unfortunately, normal vacuuming will not solve the problem, as more dust (54) than a vacuum cleaner (55)
Paragraph 1:Children/ pol.
Paragraph 2:Level ofpollution
Paragraph 3:Children risk+
Paragraph 4:Carpets dust+
Paragraph 5:Kinds of pol.
Paragraph 6:Pesticides
Paragraph 7:Pesticides -time
Paragraph 8:How muchaffect?
Paragraph 9:Disease U.S.+etc.
Unfortunately, normal vacuuming will not solve the problem, as more dust (54) than a vacuum cleaner (55)
• Paragraph 4.• “Normal vacuuming
leaves in more dust than it picks up so that, over time, dust accumulates in carpets.”
• Despite vacuuming, what happens to dust? It …
• (54) accumulates in carpets
• What does a vacuum cleaner try to do with dust?
• (55) picks up
Because small children are still growing, and proportionately they (56) in far more air than adults, they have a greater risk of damage to their health.
Paragraph 1:Children/ pol.
Paragraph 2:Level ofpollution
Paragraph 3:Children risk+
Paragraph 4:Carpets dust+
Paragraph 5:Kinds of pol.
Paragraph 6:Pesticides
Paragraph 7:Pesticides -time
Paragraph 8:How muchaffect?
Paragraph 9:Disease U.S.+etc.
Because small children are still growing, and proportionately they (56) in far more air than adults, they have a greater risk of damage to their health.
• Paragraph 3.• “Kg for kg, for
example, small children inhale 23 times as much air as their parents.”
• What do children do proportionately more of than their parents?
• What verb(s) means ‘inhale’ and can be followed by “in”?
• (56) breathe/take
Exposure to dangerous chemicals may slow down (57), keep them from developing normal (58) and even result in diseases such as cancer.
Paragraph 1:Children/ pol.
Paragraph 2:Level ofpollution
Paragraph 3:Children risk+
Paragraph 4:Carpets dust+
Paragraph 5:Kinds of pol.
Paragraph 6:Pesticides
Paragraph 7:Pesticides -time
Paragraph 8:How muchaffect?
Paragraph 9:Disease U.S.+etc.
Exposure to dangerous chemicals may slow down (57), keep them from developing normal (58) and even result in diseases such as cancer.
• Paragraph 3.
• “… poisons in the house can irritate their lungs, damage their developing nervous systems, retard their growth, disturb their hearing development, or even lead to cancer.”
• What do the poisons slow down?
• (57) their growth• The concept of
“nervous systems” cannot be expressed in one word.
• (58) hearing
Common pollutants which collect indoors typically come from dry-cleaned clothes, (59) hair, tobacco (60) and chemical cleaners.
Paragraph 1:Children/ pol.
Paragraph 2:Level ofpollution
Paragraph 3:Children risk+
Paragraph 4:Carpets dust+
Paragraph 5:Kinds of pol.
Paragraph 6:Pesticides
Paragraph 7:Pesticides -time
Paragraph 8:How muchaffect?
Paragraph 9:Disease U.S.+etc.
Common pollutants which collect indoors typically come from dry-cleaned clothes, (59) hair, tobacco (60) and chemical cleaners.
• Paragraph 5.• “Cigarette smoke, cat
or dog hair, dust mites and mould add to the load of indoor pollutants.”
• There is only one blank for (59), so how can we express this idea?
• (59) cat’s/dog’s/pet/ animal/etc.
• (60) smoke
Even cooking may (61) containing damaging chemicals which can accumulate in carpets.
Paragraph 1:Children/ pol.
Paragraph 2:Level ofpollution
Paragraph 3:Children risk+
Paragraph 4:Carpets dust+
Paragraph 5:Kinds of pol.
Paragraph 6:Pesticides
Paragraph 7:Pesticides -time
Paragraph 8:How muchaffect?
Paragraph 9:Disease U.S.+etc.
Even cooking may (61) containing damaging chemicals which can accumulate in carpets.
• Paragraph 5.• “Even cooking fumes
are loaded with toxins. If a parent cooks deep-fried fish, for example, some of the chemicals in the smoke find their way into the carpet.”
• What contains damaging chemicals (toxins)?
• Fumes/smoke• A verb is needed to
connect ‘cooking’ and ‘fumes’.
• (61) produce fumes/ emit smoke
Another source of toxic chemicals is the (62) that are used regularly by many households, both (63), to get rid of insects.
Paragraph 1:Children/ pol.
Paragraph 2:Level ofpollution
Paragraph 3:Children risk+
Paragraph 4:Carpets dust+
Paragraph 5:Kinds of pol.
Paragraph 6:Pesticides
Paragraph 7:Pesticides -time
Paragraph 8:How muchaffect?
Paragraph 9:Disease U.S.+etc.
Another source of toxic chemicals is the (62) that are used regularly by many households, both (63), to get rid of insects.• Paragraph 6.• “In the US, 80 to 90%
of households use three or four different pesticide products each year, either inside the house or in the garden.”
• What do we use to get rid of insects?
• (62) pesticides• Where are the
pesticides used?• (63) inside and
outside/ indoors and outdoors
These can be carried into the house on (64) or by (65). (“These” = “pesticides”)
Paragraph 1:Children/ pol.
Paragraph 2:Level ofpollution
Paragraph 3:Children risk+
Paragraph 4:Carpets dust+
Paragraph 5:Kinds of pol.
Paragraph 6:Pesticides
Paragraph 7:Pesticides -time
Paragraph 8:How muchaffect?
Paragraph 9:Disease U.S.+etc.
These can be carried into the house on (64) or by (65). (“These” = “pesticides”)
• Paragraph 6.• “Pesticides that cling
to shoes and pets’ paws get rubbed off on carpeting inside and can raise indoor pesticide levels.”
• Which of “on” or “by” will refer to something that can move of its own free will?
• (64) shoes• (65) pets
Children whose parents use these chemicals inside may (66) to high levels of contamination.
Paragraph 1:Children/ pol.
Paragraph 2:Level ofpollution
Paragraph 3:Children risk+
Paragraph 4:Carpets dust+
Paragraph 5:Kinds of pol.
Paragraph 6:Pesticides
Paragraph 7:Pesticides -time
Paragraph 8:How muchaffect?
Paragraph 9:Disease U.S.+etc.
Children whose parents use these chemicals inside may (66) to high levels of contamination.
• Though you might first look in paragraph 6, it’s actually paragraph 7.
• This means that people who use pesticides indoors may expose small children to significant contamination, …”
• What may happen to these children?
• Active or passive voice?
• (66) be exposed
A recent study suggested that even if a room (67) after such chemicals are applied, they may collect on toys or capets, and stay around for days.
Paragraph 1:Children/ pol.
Paragraph 2:Level ofpollution
Paragraph 3:Children risk+
Paragraph 4:Carpets dust+
Paragraph 5:Kinds of pol.
Paragraph 6:Pesticides
Paragraph 7:Pesticides -time
Paragraph 8:How muchaffect?
Paragraph 9:Disease U.S.+etc.
A recent study suggested that even if a room (67) after such chemicals are applied, they may collect on toys or carpets, and stay around for days.
• Paragraph 7.
• “This was shown in a 1998 experiment in which researchers treated two apartments with a pesticide widely used for flea control, and then opened the windows to ventilate the rooms …”
• The following sentences describe how the chemicals accumulated on toys, carpets, etc.
• This word means to allow fresh air to circulate.
• Voice?
• (67) is ventilated
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