cardiovascular risk factors in children

• 1.Presented byDr Pankaj Yadavdrpankajyadav05@gmail.comCARDIOVASCULAR RISKFACTORS IN CHILDREN1 drpankajyadav05@gmail.com

2. World Status of CVDdrpankajyadav05@gmail.com2 Represents 30% of all deaths worldwide (15million deaths/year) Leading cause of death and disability CVD burden in developing countries Risk factors worldwide 3. Non-modifiable risk factors Age Gender Family history of cardiovascular disease If a first-degree blood relative has had coronaryheart disease or stroke before the age of 55 years(for a male relative) or 65 years (for a femalerelative) risk increases. 1.7 times high risk in positive family history patient Ethnic origin - African or Asian ancestry are athigher risks of developing cardiovascular disease3 drpankajyadav05@gmail.com 4. Modifiable risk factors Hypertension Abnormal blood lipid levels Physical inactivity Type 2 diabetes A diet high in saturated fat Being poor, no matter where in the globe,increases risk of heart disease and stroke. A chronically stressful life, social isolation,anxiety and depression increase the risk of heartdisease and stroke.4 drpankajyadav05@gmail.com 5. Tobacco whether it is smoking or chewingtobacco, increases risks of cardiovasculardisease Certain medicines may increase the risk of heartdisease such as the contraceptive pill andhormone replacement therapy (HRT). one to two alcohol drinks (50 ml 80 ml) a daymay lead to a 30% reduction in heart disease, butabove this level alcohol consumption will damagethe heart muscle.5 drpankajyadav05@gmail.com 6. Absence of key nutritional elements, such aspolyphenol antioxidants Higher fibrinogen and PAI-1 blood concentrations Elevated homocysteine. Elevated blood levels of asymmetricdimethylarginine High blood pressure Inadequate nutrition (neither over nor undernutrition)of pregnant women: Barker hypothesis6 drpankajyadav05@gmail.com 7. Heredity family history of coronary artery disease have 2times the risk of having a significant elevation incholesterol. The types of food, exercise habits, and exposureto smoking also run in families. Obesity can also be heriditary and contribute toincreased risk.7 drpankajyadav05@gmail.com 8. Gender Males have a higher incidence of heart disease atan earlier age. However, after the onset of menopause, theincidence of cardiovascular disease in womenmore closely approximates that of men. Generally, this means that women tend todevelop problems with heart disease 10 yearslater than men.8 drpankajyadav05@gmail.com 9. Obesity CDC Growth Charts are used to determine thecorresponding BMI-for-age and sex percentile. Forchildren and adolescents (aged 219 years) Overweight is defined as a BMI at or above the 85thpercentile and lower than the 95th percentile forchildren of the same age and sex. Obesity is defined as a BMI at or above the 95thpercentile for children of the same age and sex.9 drpankajyadav05@gmail.com 10. Body Mass Index (BMI)Classification of Children andAdolescents