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Cancer
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Lung
Breast (women)
Colon
BladderProstate (men) Fat
Bone
Muscle
Lymph nodes
Bloodstream
What are some different kinds of cancer?
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How are Normal and Cancer Cell Division Different?
Cancer cell division
Normal cell division
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How are normal and cancer growth different?
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What is the difference between a
benign tumor and a malignant tumor?
Malignant
Time
Benign
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Why are malignant tumors dangerous?
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What is cancer screening?
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Why is cancer screening important?
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What are some types of cancer screening?
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How is cancer diagnosed?
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What is a biopsy?
How is the biopsy analyzed?
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What does a pathologist look for examining biopsy tissue?
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What does a pathologist look for when he examines biopsy tissue with a microscope?
Milddysplasia
Carcinoma in situ (severe dysplasia)
Cancer(invasive)
Normal
Hyperplasia
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What is the relationship between
tumor grade and patient prognosis?
PatientSurvival
Rate
Years
High gradeIII or IV
Low gradeI or II
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What does Stage III cancer mean?Five-Year Survival Rates forPatients with Melanoma (by stage)
Stage at Time of Initial Diagnosis
100%
50%
I II III
Stage III Cancer
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What Causes Cancer?
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How could you explain the differences in the cancer incidence in different countries?
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Is the incidence of these cancers due to genes, behavior, or environmental risk?100
50
50
Stomach Cancer
U.S.Japan Japanese familiesin U.S.
100
70
7
0
Colon Cancer
U.S.Japan Japanese familiesin U.S.
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What increases peoples’ risk of cancer?
Sunshine X-ray
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How do you know if you have genes that make getting cancer more likely?
Genetic Testing
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What happens to genes to cause cancer?
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How do mutations in oncogenes lead to cancer?
Receptor
DNA
Cell proliferation
Cell nucleus
Transcriptionfactors
Signaling enzymes
Growth factor
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How do mutations in tumor suppressor genes lead to cancer?
Tumor Suppressor Gene Proteins
DNA
Signalingenzymes Transcription
factors
Cell proliferation
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How do mutations in the p53 gene lead to cancer?
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How do mutations in DNA Repair Genes cause cancer?
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What other kinds of mutations can lead to cancer?
Genes Implicated in Cancer
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Why does cancer risk increase with age?
Risk
Age
Colon
Breast
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What can people do to prevent cancer?
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Does industrial pollution cause cancer?
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Is There a Cancer "Epidemic"?
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How would you answer each of these questions?
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