caesar’s english ii lesson xv. culp (blame) culprit, culpable, exculpate culp means blame. we...

Caesar’s English II

Lesson XV

culp (blame) culprit, culpable, exculpate

CULP means blame.

We blame the culprit; to be culpable is to be guilty; and to exculpate someone is to free them from blame!

Spanish…culpable

pugn (fight) pugnacious, pugilist, oppugn

PUGN means fight.

A pugnacious person is combative; a puglilist is a fighter; and to oppugn something is to attack or resist it!

Spanish…pugnaz

URB (city) urban, suburb, urbane

URB means city.

An urban environment is a city environment; the suburbs are the neighborhoods around the city; and an urbane person is sophisticated and citified!

Spanish…urbano

numer (number) numeral, enumeration, supernumerary

NUMER means number.

A numeral is a number; to enumerate is to list; and supernumeraries are extra people!

Spanish…enumeración

acr (sharp) acrid, acerbity, acrimony

ACR means sharp.

An acrid smell such as ammonia is sharp; acerbity is sharpness of temper; and acrimony is a sharp and heated dispute!

Spanish…acrimonia

Advanced Word: PugnaciousThe adjective pugnacious

comes from the stems pugn, fight, and ous, full of. To be pugnacious is to be combative, ready to fight anyone. Pugnacious people are aggressive and ready to challenge. Sometimes they seem insulting, with a chip on their shoulder. In 1974 E.L. Doctorow wrote, in his novel Ragtime, that “This caused him to tile his chin upwards in order to see, giving him a pugnacious look.” In Joseph Heller’s novel Catch-22 a character “thundered pugnaciously in a voice loud enough to rattle the whole building.”

Caesar’s English II Lesson XV

Stem meaning Example

culp blame culprit

pugn fight Pugnacious

urb city urban

numer number Numeral

acr sharp acrid

PUGILIST : PUGNACIOUS ::

a. urban : suburban

b. culprit : culpable

c. exculpate : innocent

d. enumerate : items

PUGILIST : PUGNACIOUS ::

a. urban : suburban

b. culprit : culpable

c. exculpate : innocent

d. enumerate : items

OPPUGN : SANCTION ::

a. pugilist : glove

b. city : suburb

c. supernumerary : extra

d. exculpate : convict

OPPUGN : SANCTION ::

a. pugilist : glove

b. city : suburb

c. supernumerary : extra

d. exculpate : convict

Find the best opposite.

ACRIMONY

a. pugnacity

b. verisimilitude

c. urbanity

d. harmony

Find the best opposite.

ACRIMONY

a. pugnacity

b. verisimilitude

c. urbanity

d. harmony

PUGNACIOUS

a. mollifying

b. oppugning

c. enumerating

d. exculpating

PUGNACIOUS

a. mollifying

b. oppugning

c. enumerating

d. exculpating

The gladiators were trained as expert ___________.

a. culprits

b. pugilists

c. supernumeraries

d. interlocutors

The gladiators were trained as expert ___________.

a. culprits

b. pugilists

c. supernumeraries

d. interlocutors

Prisoners captured in Gaul were rarely ____________.

a. exculpated

b. oppugned

c. disputed

d. enumerated

Prisoners captured in Gaul were rarely ____________.

a. exculpated

b. oppugned

c. disputed

d. enumerated

The spectacles in the Colosseum required a great many ______________.

a. acrimonies

b. numerals

c. exculpations

d. supernumeraries

The spectacles in the Colosseum required a great many ______________.

a. acrimonies

b. numerals

c. exculpations

d. supernumeraries

The Grammar of Vocabulary: pugnancious, an adjective.

The pugnacious Gauls were no match for the legions.

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Caesar’s Classic Words Challenge

From Frederick Douglass’s Narrative

I would allow myself to suffer…rather than ______________ myself.

a. enumerate

b. oppugn

c. exculpate

d. impute

Caesar’s Classic Words Challenge

From Frederick Douglass’s Narrative

I would allow myself to suffer…rather than ______________ myself.

a. enumerateb. oppugnc. exculpated. impute

From James Watson’s The Double Helix

Rosy and Gosling were ___________ assertive.

a. urbanely

b. acrimoniously

c. culpably

d. pugnaciously

From James Watson’s The Double Helix

Rosy and Gosling were ___________ assertive.

a. urbanely

b. acrimoniously

c. culpably

d. pugnaciously

From Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre

They treated her with coldness and ___________.

a. enumeration

b. acrimony

c. pugnacity

d. urbanity

From Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre

They treated her with coldness and ___________.

a. enumeration

b. acrimony

c. pugnacity

d. urbanity