by multiple colleagues from dtu, mu and ugent
Post on 09-Feb-2016
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Semi Hypothetical Case City Archetypes-The ScorePP approach to evaluating Emission Control Strategies(1st preliminary version of D9.6)
By multiple colleagues from DTU, MU and UGent
1Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark2Urban Pollution Research Centre, Middlesex University, United Kingdom.3Environmental Monitoring, City of Stockholm, Sweden
Content1. Introduction2. The ScorePP focus and approach3. Lack of data4. Emission Control Strategies5. Case Cities and ”Semi Hypothetical Case City Archetypes”6. Examples of preliminary results
The ScorePP approach
Limiting release through:- Substitution- Minimising release from products- Legislation and regulations- Voluntary use reductions
O
D+T
T
D+T
Example: Combined system:
D+TT
+T
Treatment options:- Stormwater BMPs- Household treatment & reuse of WW- On-site industrial treatment- WWTPs- Sludge disposal
Sinks:- Primary: Surface water (WFD)- Secondary: Sediments, soils, groundwater, vegetation, air, humans, ...
R+T
T
Limiting release and emissionsPre-Application Control: Voluntary and regulatory initiatives, legislation, preventative measures, phasing out, substitutions etc
Pre-Environmental Release Treatment: municipal and industrial WWTPs and greywater as well as combined sewer overflows treatment etc
Post-Environmental Release Control and Treatment: structural and non-structural stormwater best management practices, management of sinks etc
Limiting release through:- Substitution- Minimising release from produtcs- Legislation and regulations- Voluntary use reductions
O+T
D+TD+T
T
TT
D+TD+T
D+TT D+TT D+TT
Treatment options:- Stormwater BMPs- Household treatment & reuse of WW- On-site industrial treatment- WWTPs- Sludge disposal
Sinks:- Primary: Surface water (WFD)- Secondary: Sediments,
soils/gr.water, humans, ...
WP2: Analysis of case cities2.1 Baseline studies in case cities2.2 Identification of PPs for further work in case cities2.3 Improved monitoring in case cities (presented yesterday)2.4 Identification of appropriate emission control strategies in case cities2.5 Substance flow analysis for selected PPs in case cities2.6 Evaluation of identified emission control strategies
CITY OF STOCKHOLM
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Surfacewater
Air Urbansoil
WWTPsludge
kg/y
ear
WasteincinerationGardening
Agriculture
Contaminant inzincDetergents
Food
Artist paint
Car wash
Traffic
Long rangetransport
A
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Surfacewater
Air Urban soil WWTPsludge
B
Cadmium loads (kg/year) in case city A and B
WP2: Analysis of case cities2.1 Baseline studies in case cities2.2 Identification of PPs for further work in case cities2.3 Improved monitoring in case cities (presented yesterday)2.4 Identification of appropriate emission control strategies in case cities2.5 Substance flow analysis for selected PPs in case cities2.6 Evaluation of identified emission control strategies
There is a huge lack of data
Thus, we also work on a more general level, with ”semi-hypothetical case city archetypes” ...
Batteries Paints Plastics
Cadmium
WATER Direct WATER Indirect (sewers)
Urban Run-off (sep. stormw.)
Benzene DEHP
From: C. Viavattene, Middlesex University
Emission Control Strategies (ECS)Emission control strategies are combination of individual options(source control barriers or treatment units)
The ScorePP ECS’s:1: Baseline2: Implementation of relevant EU directives3: 2 + Household voluntary initiatives and on-site treatment4: 2 + Industrial Best Available Technologies 5: 2 + Post-Environmental Release Control and Treatment (stormwater and CSO)6: 2 + Advanced end-of-pipe treatment
Emission Control Strategies (ECS)ECS1: Baseline (no treatment at all; only consisting of unlimited release based on the ES concept)
ECS2: Implementation of relevant EU directives; UWWT, sewage sludge and IPPC Directives etc.
ECS3: ECS2 + Household voluntary initiatives and on-site treatment, for example greywater treatment, household recycling of batteries, etc. ECS4: ECS2 + Industrial BAT and beyond. Generic BAT is also applied to small-scale industries (facilities) in this case, such as barbershops or paint retailers that are not specifically covered elsewhere by chemical regulations. Technologies beyond current BAT that are implemented for large-scale production plants are also covered by this ECS.
Emission Control Strategies (ECS)ECS1: Baseline (no treatment at all; only consisting of unlimited release based on the ES concept)
ECS2: Implementation of relevant EU directives; UWWT, sewage sludge and IPPC Directives etc.
ECS 5: ECS2 + Post-Environmental Release Control and Treatment (stormwater, CSOs and old contaminated sinks). Here, stormwater treatment, street sweeping, mitigation and treatment of CSOs as well as cleanup of historical contamination (e.g., dredging of harbour sediment) is all included.ECS 6: ECS2 + Advanced end-of-pipe treatment. The UWWT (91/271/EEC) calls for secondary treatment of urban wastewater, here tertiary treatment and advanced oxidation processes are explored.
Three kinds of case citiesScorePP case citiesCase cities in other European projectsSemi-hypothetical case city archetypes
ScorePP case citiesPrague (Czech republic)Stockholm (Sweden)Saint Malo (France)San Sebastian (Spain)Quebec (Canada)
Vastly different with respect to climate, industry, treatment technologies and environmental awareness.
+ Real-life monitoring, existing industries and release patterns etc
- Limited by missing or confidential information
Case cities in other European projectsReview of European water related projects (1998-2008)87 reviewed, 31 contacted and 17 replies
Primary selection criteria: Geographical location Good contacts
Secondary selection criteria:City characteristics; ClimateEnd-usersManagement & governanceTechnique/structure
’Semi-hypothetical case city archetypes’Semi-hypothetical case cities are defined
Designed to represent different geographical and urban systems
All data needed for further work (modelling, visualisation, multi-criteria analysis, evaluation of emission control strategies) is by definition available, because we “construct it” !
Emission Control Strategies for “semi-hypothetical case city archetypes”
Emission control strategiesTrends and prospects – case city 2025
Urban systemEconomicalSocialStakeholder involvementTechnicalUrbanisation (% impermeable surfaces, housing density etc)Industrialisation (%: heavy & light industry, white-collar business, agriculture etc)Logistics (types and amounts of transport)Government, legislatureNon-governmental organisations, voluntary initiativesResources (raw materials, refinement)Economics: GNP, Gini coefficient Social: Human Development Index (HDI) Public/private waterworks and wastewater treatment plants
Geographical systemClimateEnvironmental Size (area, population, density)Climate (inland/coastal; southern/northern)Water resources (groundwater, surface water, desalination)
Geographical
system
Urban
system
Emission control
strategies
SHCCA’s and ECS’sTwo SHCCA’s defined, a Eastern Europe Inland (EI) and a Nordic Europe Coastal (NC)EI
1.2 M inhabitantsGDP per head: 40 000 EUREPER-level A: 7050% combined sewers
NC0.51 M inhabitantsGDP per head: 80 000 EUREPER-level A: 3090% combined sewers
BothSecondary treatment
SFA’s and ECS evaluations in ScorePPPP Cace city
A and BEI NC IUWS
ModelB[a]P X X X (EI)Cd X X XDEHP X X X (NC)Diuron X XHCB X XHg X X XNi XNPs X XPBDE X XC10-C13 X X
Example: C10-13, SHCCA ”Eastern Inland”
Example: C10-13, SHCCA ”Eastern Inland”
Example: DEHP, SHCCA ”Northern Coastal”
Example: DEHP, SHCCA ”Northern Coastal”
23
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
0.5
1
1.5
2Rain [mm/5min]
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
River stretch 5 [µg/L]
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000.0163
0.0164
0.0165
Groundwater [µg/L]
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1004.44
4.445
4.45
4.455
Air [ng/m³]
time [d]
Example: scenario: decoupling stormwater (infiltration pond)
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100050
100150200250300Infiltration pond
soil (ug/kg solids)
Combined sewer systemStormwater to infiltration ponds
ConclusionsThe examples shown here are ”preliminary”, i.e. the actual numbers and the way to present them may change over the next monthsThe overall aim is to synthesize as much information from the project as possible, in task 9.6 and 9.7
Emission Control Strategies are combinations of individual Emission Control OptionsSemi-Hypothetical Case City Archetypes are defined to allow generalisation and avoid problems with lacking dataWe have defined a range of ”standardised” ECS (#1-#6) that we will evaluate for selected SHCCA’s, as well as for the case citiesThis, remaining part of the work will focus on a selection of PPs as shown previously
Source Control Options for Reducing Emission of Priority Pollutants from Urban Areas
Thanks to colleagues from DTU Environment:H.-C. Holten Lützhøft, E. Eriksson, L. Vezzaro, H. Birch, A. Ledin
to many other colleagues from:Middlesex University, UKGent University, BelgiumAnjou Recherge, FranceENVICAT Consulting, BelgiumUniversity of Ljubljana, SloveniaESTUDIS, SpainEnvironmental Monitoring, Stockholm City, SwedenmodelEAU, Canada
and to the European Commission:
Project Coordinator: Peter Steen MikkelsenDTU Environment, Dept. of Environ. EngineeringTechnical University of Denmarkpsm@env.dtu.dk
www.scorepp.eu
Project planWP Mth Resp. 1-12 13-24 25-42
WP1: User requirement analysis and dissemination to end-users
DTU
WP2: Analysis of case studies AR
WP3: Source characterisation of priority pollutants DTU
WP4: Limiting release of priority pollutants ENVICAT
WP5: Treatment options MU
WP6: GIS-based identification of emission control measures
UL
WP7: Models and monitoring strategies UGent
WP8: Socio-economic analysis of source control measures
ESTUDIS
WP9: Integration of knowledge and comparison of emission control strategies
DTU
WP10: Project management and coordination DTU
Establishing technical-scientific
facts
GIS, models, monitoring
Socio-economic and integrated analyses
Case studies
Advisory board, PPRIS
Now!
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