by mr. mulligan north africa. the big idea north africa is a dry region with limited water...
Post on 18-Jan-2016
225 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
By Mr. MulliganNORTH AFRICA
The Big Idea
North Africa is a dry region with limited water resources.
Main Ideas
• Major physical features of North Africa include the Nile River, the Sahara, and the Atlas Mountains.
• The climate of North Africa is hot and dry, and water is the region ’s most important resource.
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
The Nile River is the longest river in the world. Flows more than 4,000 miles northward through the desert Formed by the union of two rivers, the Blue Nile and the
White Nile Empties into the Mediterranean Sea
The land along the Nile is very fertile. Floods on the river deposit silt, or finely ground fertile
soil, all along the river. Before it reaches the sea, the Nile fans out into a huge
fertile delta. The Aswan High Dam controls fl ooding on the Nile.
Because of the lack of silt, farmers need to use fertilizer to grow crops.
MAJOR PHYSICAL FEATURES
• The Sinai Peninsula is east of the Nile. It is mostly rocky and barren.
• The Suez Canal separates the Sinai peninsula from the rest of Egypt. Ships carry oil and goods from the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea through the canal.
SINAI AND SUEZ CANAL
SINAI PENINSULA
• Several mountain ranges can be found in the Sahara.
• The highest mountains are the Atlas Mountains in the northwest, near the Mediterranean Sea. They rise to 13,600 feet (4,160 m) above sea level.
MOUNTAINS
THE SAHARA
Largest desert in the world, covering most of North Africa
Very dry, few people live theresettlements are located near an oasis,
(a wet and fertile area in a desert where a spring or well provides water.
Common features include broad gravel plains, tall sand dunes, and dry streambeds
THE SAHARA
Three main climates:Desert: very dry and hot temperaturesMediterranean: coastal; mild winters and warm summers
Steppe: found between the coast and the desert
CLIMATE
Rain is rare making water a valuable resource.
Oil and gas=Libya, Algeria, and Egypt.
Morocco= iron ore.Coal, oil, and natural gas= Sahara.
RESOURCES OF NORTH AFRICA
Rich in Islamic culture
• North Africa’s history includes ancient Egyptian civilization.
• Islam influences the cultures of North Africa and most people speak Arabic.
HISTORY AND CULTURE OF NORTH AFRICA
• Egyptians, Berbers, Bedouins, and people of mixed ancestry live in North Africa.
• The majority of people in the region speak Arabic.
ISLAMIC INFLUENCES
• By 1912 European countries such as Britain, Spain, France, and Italy had taken over North Africa
• They created colonies.• North Africa regained independence beginning in the
1920s. • Last country to become free was Algeria in 1962.
EUROPEAN INFLUENCE
75 millionPeople are poor famersRepublicCapital is CairoLimited resourcesPetroleum and tourism $$99% of population live in Nile Valley and
DeltaMore then ½ live in rural areas and
villages
EGYPT
EGYPT
Much is desertCapitol is TripoliAquifers beneath sand w/ pipelines to carry
waterOil pays for new infrastructure , hospitals,
and schoolsLed by powerful dictator Qaddafi until his
death in 2011Now is a parliamentary republic
Trade sanctions were placed on Libya for want of nuclear weapons (punish country by using trade barriers)
LIBYA
LIBYA
Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco make up Maghreb Countries“The land farthest west”
Economy based on oilWesternmost part of Arab speaking
Muslim world
MAGHREB COUNTRIES
MAGHREB COUNTRIES
North Africa’s smallest countryTunis is capitalIndependent in 1956 (France)Presidents have tried to provide
education and health care, giving Tunisia one of lowest poverty rates in Africa.
Women have more rights than other Arab nations
TUNISIA
TUNISIA
North Africa’s largest countryAlgiers is the capitalEconomy depends on oil and natural
gas pumped from SaharaShortage of work1830-1962 ruled by French, won
independence after civil war (1954-1962)
Republic w/ president and legislature
ALGERIA
ALGERIA
Leading producer of phosphatesBecame independent in 1956Constitutional Monarchy
King holds great influenceControls Western Sahara, seized the
land in 1975 the Western Saharans want freedom, but can’t get it.
MOROCCO
MOROCCO
top related