by: david chang & steven tran. three components: genetic diversity genetic variety within all...
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7 SUPER SUBJECTS OF CHAPTER 16!!!!!!
By: David Chang&
Steven Tran
1- Bio-Diversity
Three Components: Genetic Diversity
Genetic Variety within all populations of a species (Uniqueness)
Ecosystem Diversity Variety of interactions within a community
(Number of niches and/or complex food web) Species Richness
Number of different species in an ecosystem (Wide range of species)
2- Factors of Bio-Diversity
3 Factors that hinder Bio-Diversity: Habitat Destruction
Clearing Forests near lakes/rivers Hunting
Ex: Fisheries or Keystone species Reproductive Failure
Bald Eagles and DDT Shells would break before the eagle is developed
3- Why We Need Organisms
5 Reasons: Ecosystem Services
Decomposition, Pollen Transfer, Soil Erosion Prevention (Mangrove Forests), etc.
Genetic Reserves Super Strains: Using genetically diverse reserves
to create pest resistance genes for plants. Corn Blight solved by Super Strands from Mexico
Scientific Uses of Genetic Diversity Genetic Engineering: incorporating genes of 1
organism to another. Ex: Bacteria that create insulin.
Why We Need Organisms Continued
Medicinal, Agricultural, and Industrial Usage Medicinal: Plant derivatives can help prevent
illness or disease. Ex: Turmeric, Herbal medicine, etc.
Agricultural: Substitutes for current crops. Ex: Quinoa tastes like rice but has more nutrients
Industrial: Organisms used in many products like: Oils, waxes, corks, wood, or transportation.
Aesthetic, Ethical, and Spiritual Value Provides recreation, inspiration, and spiritual
solace Artists, Poets, Musicians are influenced by other
organisms Ethics: How humans perceive themselves to
other organisms. Ex: Western and Deep Ecology Views
4- Human Causes of Species Endangerment
1 - Habitat destruction, fragmentation, degradation
The biggest Factor
2 - Invasive species
3 - Pollution
4 - Overexploitation
5- Conservation Laws and Policies
US Laws: Endangered Species Act 1973
Bans the trading of products made from an endangered or threatened species.
Habitat Conservation Plan 1982 Allows private land owners to ‘take’ a species
trespassing on their land. However, the owner must set aside land for the species to live in
Biological Resources Discipline 1993 An analysis on managing and conserving
biological resources Keeps tabs on biological resources
Conservation Laws and Policies Continued
International Policies: CITES 1975
Bans the international trade and killing of endangered or threatened organisms.
World Conservation Strategy 1980 Encourage the sustainable use of resources and
organisms internationally IUCN, WWF, UN are involved
Biological Diversity Treaty “World Summit” Mandated each nation to develop a conservation
strategy to preserve bio diversity.
6- Wildlife Management
Focuses on the continued productivity of plants and animals Conservation Biology v.s. Wildlife Management
WM focuses on population control by habitat manipulation.
Prescribed Burns Flyways Commercial Fishing & Whaling Restrictions
Wildlife Management Continued
Prescribed Burns Resets a land’s succession by burning down
trees and plants to return soil nutrients. Flyways
Strategic conservation of flyways involves protecting wetlands, rivers, etc. which are important resting, feeding, and breeding spots for migratory birds.
Commercial Fishing & Whaling 1946- International Whaling Commission set
annual limit on whaling (Didn’t work) Moratorium in 1986 strictly limited whaling
(It’s working)
7- What Can We Do?
Increase Awareness
Support Research
Support Establishment of Parks
Limit Pollution
Provide Economic Incentives
A.P.R.E.P.
THE END
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