by apollos b. goyol, phd american university of nigeria yola, adamawa state nigeria

THE IMPACT AND PRACTICAL UNTILITY OF EVALUATION OUTCOME MEASUREMENT AS A FEED-BACK MECHANISM FOR SUSTAINABLE

DEVELOPMENT

BY APOLLOS B. GOYOL, PhD

American University of NigeriaYola, Adamawa State

NigeriaEmail:apollosgoyol@gmail.com

AT

International Conference of African Evaluation Association

L’Association Africaine d’Evaluation

PERSPECTIVES ON IMPACT EVALUATION: Approaches to Assessing Development EffectivenessAn International Conference in Africa for policy-makers, program managers, evaluators, sponsors and other stakeholders in evaluation and

developmentSunday 29 March – Thursday 2 April 2009, CAIRO, EGYPT

What is Outcome measurement evaluation?

Is a continual and systematic process of assessing the value or potential value of programs to guide decision-making for the program’s/projects future and sustainability

Is an essential indicator of how programs and projects should be sustained.

Process vs. Outcome Evaluation

Process Evaluation Resources Activities Units produced Did they do what

they said they would do?

Outcome Evaluation Measures of change in

Individuals Institutions Communities

Did they change what they said they would change?

Realities of Today in Nigeria

More Money (billions of Naira) Increased competition Greater expectations for effectiveness Increasing scrutiny Increasing political awareness Greater need for team/collaboration

Critical Accountability Questions:

You received billions of naira last year---what did your government and agency do with them?

We have supported your party for years, why should we continue this support?

What are you doing to improve or terminate ineffective programs and curtail wastage?

Why evaluate?

Planning purposes Analysis of program effectiveness or

quality Direct decision-making Maintain accountability Project impact assessment Project impact and sustenance

When to evaluate?

The timing of program/project evaluation: Project/program design stage Project start-up stage In-progress of formative evaluation Program wrap-up or summative evaluation Follow –up studies and feed –back Continues sustenance

When we evaluate a project/program We examine the context of the project\

program Study its goals and objectives Collect information about a project’s

/program’s input, outcome and impact Compare findings to some pre-set

standards or mandates Make a value judgment about the project Report findings to stakeholders

Types of outcome evaluation

Formative or process evaluation: Focus on information for program/project

improvement, modification, management and sustenance

Summative or impact evaluation Focus on determining program/project results and

effectiveness (merit and worth) Serves the purpose of making major decisions

about program – continuation, expansion, reduction, and funding.

Using the Logic model as road map

Evaluators Credibility

Competence: Knowledge of the program/project Evaluation expertise Data analysis and interpretation skills Report writing and presentation skills

Personal Style: Communication skills Strong interpersonal skills Ability to nurture trust and rapport Sensitivity in reporting

Logic Model

Identifies both process and outcome portions of your program

Shows relationship of your program inputs to the expected results or outcomes

Helps you identify the major questions you want the evaluation to answer

Logic Model

Provides a graphic summary of how program parts relate to the whole

Makes explicit the underlying theory of a program

Identifies categories to measure in the program evaluation

Sets timelines and benchmarks

Developing a Program Evaluation Logic Model

Sample

OutcomeProcess

Resources Activities Outputs Outcomes Goals

Resources

Program ingredients Funds Staff Community support Participants

Back

Activities

Method used to accomplish program goals Classes Counseling Training

Back

Outputs

Units produced by a program Number and type of clients served Number of policies developed Number of events planned

Back

Outcomes

Short term and immediate indicators of progress towards a goal Collaborative partnerships Improved family functioning Improved school performance

Back

Goals

Long term desired program effects Resilient community Economic self-sufficiency Violence prevention

Back

Sample Program Evaluation Logic Model

Program Name: School and Community Violence Prevention Project

Continue

OutcomeProcess

Resources Activities Outputs Outcomes Goals

Sample Resources Staff Violence prevention curriculum Case management services Partnerships

University Counseling centers Sheriff’s department School district

ParticipantsBack

Sample Activities

Commission Funded Delivery of violence prevention

curriculum in the schools Intensive violence prevention

groups to high-risk youth Intensive outreach services to

families with high-risk youth

Sample Activities

Concurrent Activities DARE (Drug Abuse Resistance

Education) Family Empowerment Project

services to families

Back

Sample Outputs

4-6 hours of violence prevention education for 1,890 students

480 students receive intensive prevention training in 10-week groups of 6-10 students each

185 at risk families receive intensive outreach services

60 at risk families receive Family Empowerment Project services

Back

Sample Outcomes

Improvement in healthy peer social communication

Reduction of violent behaviors in school climate

Increase in healthy behavior patterns in handling stress

Improved school-related behaviors Increase in family support Consumer satisfaction

Back

Sample Goals

Violence prevention

Back

Outcomes You Can Measure

Example: Desired outcome is improvement in parenting skills.

Indicators

Clear parental expectations for child behavior

Use of problem-solving and communication skills

Increased positive parent-teacher interaction

Increased positive family activities

Indicators

Use of behavior reinforcement mechanisms

Home learning environment supportive of school work

Use of family interaction skills Reduction of conflict

Documenting Impact of outcome evaluation Impact is a clear description of value of a program/project

to people and society. Generally, these are the longer-term sustainable benefits and impact to clients or society. It could be: Increased knowledge Improved attitudes Financial gain Production efficiencies Preservation and environmental resources Improved condition of health care Improved condition of roads Improved condition of education Improved condition of water supply, etc

Outcome evaluation checklist for government, organizations, agencies, etc Present a clear concise plan for evaluation

achievement of outcome objectives State what (outcomes and impacts) will be

measured with benchmarks State what methods will be use for collecting

data Describe any testing instruments to be used State who will do the evaluation Show how outcome evaluation will be used for

program evaluation and sustenance.

Summary/Conclusion

Outcome elevation is a tool to assist, plan, implement, monitor, evaluate, account and sustain programs/projects: By having a road map that will assist in

implementation and sustaining projects/programs To assist government ministries, departments and

agencies (MDAs) to be accountable and effective To enable government measure the impact and

benefit of its projects/programs in consonance with their agendas which are sustainable

The End

Thank you and questions