btec nationals in aviation operations airport ramp handling

BTEC Nationals in Aviation Operations

Airport Ramp Handling

Airport Ramp Handling

• The anatomy of an airport

• The aircraft turnround

• ATC functions

• Communications

• Safety hazards on the ramp

• Aircraft loading – passengers and cargo

• The regulations

Airport Ramp HandlingThroughout this unit you will produce a:

• Portfolio• Presentation• Report

You will achieve:

• A pass

• A merit!

• A distinction!!

The Anatomy of an Airport

An Airport Plan

RunwayTaxiwayPerimeter Track (Peri Track)

Ramp or Apron

The Aircraft Turnround

What is a “Turnround”?

The Aircraft TurnroundWho / what is involved?• Marshaller• Passenger escorts • Ground Power• Steps • Loaders• Refuellers• Engineers• Caterers• Cleaners• Dispatchers• Push Back / Powerback• Deicing

Organisations• ATC• Customs• Immigration• Airport Authority• Police• Security• airline• Ground handling agents• Port health authority

The Aircraft Turnround

The sequence

The Marshaller

The Marshaller

• Why have a marshaller?

• What does he/ she do?

• How does he/she do it?

• Who employs the marshallers

DEMONSTRATION!!

Chocks

What happens when chocks are not put in

place?

Steps

Escorting Passengers

Escorting Passengers

• What does a passenger escort do?

• Why do we need passenger escorts?

• Other functions of passenger escorts

• Who employs passenger escorts?

Power on the Ground

Ground Power Unit

Air Start Unit

Combined Ground Power And Air Conditioning Unit

Power on the Ground

• Why do we need electrical power?• Why do we need air conditioning?• Why do we need air start units?

• Which is better – fixed or mobile GPU and ACU?

• Who provides the power?

Unloading / Loading

Unit Load Device (ULD)

LD8

Lower Deck Loader

Aircraft Loading

• What is loaded?

• How is it loaded?

• Where is it loaded?

• Health & safety precautions?

• Unusual loads eg AVI, HUM, HAZ

• Who employs the loaders?

Aircraft Refuelling (under wing)

Aircraft Refuelling (hydrant)

Aircraft Refuelling (over wing)

Aircraft Re-fuelling

• What kind of fuel is used?

• Where are the fuel tanks?

• How much fuel is loaded?

• How much fuel is burned?

• Who employs the re-fuellers?

• Safety concerns?

Aircraft Maintenance

Line Maintenance

Hangar Maintenance

Defects (examples)

Major Defects• Flat tyre• Engine failure• Cracked windscreen• Radio u/s• Cabin crew seat u/s• Intercom system u/s• Emerg. lighting u/s

Minor Defects• Galley oven u/s• Single toilet u/s• Passenger seat u/s• Cabin trim damaged• Overhead bin u/s

Aircraft Maintenance

• What do aircraft engineers do?

• Are they specialised?

• How often are the aircraft serviced?

• Where are the aircraft serviced?

• How do they know if the aircraft has a technical problem? (Technical Log)

• Who employs aircraft engineers?

Flight Catering

Flight Catering

• What is in-flight catering?

• How many meals are loaded?

• How are “special meals” catered for?

• Apart from food, what else do the caterers provide?

• Any health and safety concerns?

Aircraft Cleaning

Aircraft Cleaning

• What gets cleaned?

• Why is cleaning on a turnround important?

• What else gets serviced?

• Who employs the aircraft cleaners?

Toilet Service

Aircraft Push Back

Aircraft Push Back

• What is a Push Back?

• Why are Push Backs required?

• Why are aircraft parked “nose-in”?

• Who performs Push Backs?

• Pushback BA 777 Sydney Airport

Aircraft Power Back

• What is a Power Back?

• Which aircraft perform Power Backs

• Why is it not widely used?• DC9 Power Back

Flight Dispatcher

Flight Dispatcher

• What does he/ she do?

• Co-ordination role

• Load planning

• Verification

• Ultimate responsibility

The Aircraft Turnround

Equipment positioning

Typical Turnround Sequence

Source: boeing.com

Passenger Boarding Times

B757 Turnround Times

Source: boeing.com

Speeding up boarding

Source; boeing.com

Low Cost Carriers Aircraft Choice

The 737 is preferred by the large, successful low-cost carriers. This is a snapshot of the market at the end of 2004. All-737 operators shown in blue. All-A320 operators shown in red. The others operate mixed fleets or have indicated that they will.You'll see that of all the airplanes operated by the top-20 low-cost carriers, 86% of them are Boeing 737s. And even if all the airplanes on order by these 20 carriers at the end of 2004 were delivered today, the 737 would still have about 73% of the share of

the low-cost market. And that doesn't even include the exciting order from Ryanair this week.

Boeing 737 Airbus 320Source: boeing.com

Why?

Team Work

Consider:

• Which agencies need to work as teams to ensure an efficient turnround?

Planning

Consider:

• Who and what needs to be involved in the planning process prior to an aircraft arrival