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B-RNAV OPERATIONS IN
EUROPEAN AIRSPACE
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AREA NAVIGATION (RNAV)
A method of navigation which permits
aircraft operation on any desired flight
path.
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NAVIGATION
PERFORMANCE ACCURACY
Total navigation accuracy based on thecombination of the navigation sensor error,
airborne receiver error, display error and
flight technical error. Also called systemuse accuracy.
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REQUIRED NAVIGATION
PERFORMANCE (RNP)
A statement of the navigationperformance accuracy necessary
for operation within a defined
airspace.
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RNP CONCEPT
RNP concept applies to navigation performance
within an airspace and therefore affects both the
airspace and the aircraft. RNP is intended to characterize an airspace
through a statement of the achieved navigation
performance accuracy to be achieved within the
airspace.Contd..
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..RNP CONCEPT
The development of the RNP concept
recognizes that the current aircraft
navigation systems are capable of achievinga predictable level of navigation
performance accuracy and that a more
efficient use of available airspace can berealised on the basis of this navigation
capability.
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DEFINING RNP AIRSPACE
RNP may be specified for a route, a number
of routes, an area, volume of airspace or any
airspace of defined dimensions which an
airspace planner or authority chooses.
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Some potential applications of
RNP include.. A defined airspace, such as MNPS airspace;
A fixed ATS route, such as between
Sydney, Australia and Auckland, New
Zealand;
Random track operations, such as between
Hawaii and Japan; and
A volume of airspace, such as a block
altitude on a specified route.
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RNP ROUTES
Fixed RNP Route - Permanent, published
ATS routes.
Contingency RNP Routes - published ATS
routes during limited time periods (Hours,
Days, Seasons). They may also be
established to meet unusual, temporaryrequirements arising at short notice.
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CONTAINMENT VALUE
The containment value is the distance from
the intended position within which flights
would be found for at least 95% of the total
flying time.
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RNP TYPE
The RNP type is based on a navigation
performance accuracy value which is
expected to be achieved at least 95% of the
time by the population of aircraft operating
within the airspace.
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RNP TYPES
Accuracy - 95% position accuracy in the
designated airspace.
RNP1 + 1.0 NM (+ 1.85 km)
RNP 4 + 4.0 NM (+ 7.4 km)
RNP 12.6 + 12.6 NM (+ 23.3 km)
RNP 20 + 20.0 NM (+ 37 km)
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RNP COORDINATE SYSTEM
ICAO has chosen World Geodetic System (WGS)-84 as
the common world geodetic datum as there is a need to :
convert coordinates of airport key positions and
ground-based navigation aids to a common geodetic
reference datum;
ensure that all such locations are surveyed to a common
standard which provides optimum accuracy, such as
that obtained by GNSS surveying techniques; and
ensure that all FMS software is referenced to a common
geodetic datum.
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BASIC RNAV
+ 5 NM ( + 9.26 km )
(95% CONTAINMENT VALUE)
B-RNAV Operations commenced inEuropean airspace on the 23rd of April,
1998.
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EUROCONTROL STANDARD
The carriage of B-RNAV equipment approved for
RNP5 operations is mandatory on the entire ATS
route network in the ECAC area includingdesignated feeder routes (SIDs & STARs) in / out
of notified TMAs.
RNP5 (B-RNAV) - effective 23rd April, 1998.
RNP1 (Precision R-NAV) - to be implemented in
2005.
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B-RNAV APPROVAL
Airworthiness approval.
Boeing 747-200/300/400
Airbus 310-300, 330, 340
Operational approval.
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AIRBORNE NAVIGATION
EQUIPMENT
They encompass..
Systems which use external navigation aidssuch as VOR / DME, DME / DME, GNSS,
very low frequency (VLF), LORAN-C; and
systems which are self-contained, e.g. INS, or
inertial reference systems.
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Required Functions of B-RNAV
Navigation Equipment Continuous indication of aircraft position relative to track
displayed on a navigation display to both the pilot flying
and the pilot not flying. Display of distance and bearing to the next active (TO)
waypoint.
Display of ground speed or time to the next active (TO)
waypoint. Storage of waypoints; minimum of 4.
Appropriate failure annunciation of the RNAV system,
including sensors.
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Recommended Functions of B-
RNAV Navigation Equipment
Autopilot and / or Flight Director coupling.
Present position in terms of latitude and longitude.
Direct To function.
Indication of navigation accuracy (e.g. quality factor ).
Automatic channel selection of radio navigation aids.
Navigation data base.
Automatic leg sequencing and associated turn anticipation.
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FLIGHT CREW CONTINGENCY
PROCEDURES In case of contingencies, (equipment failures,
weather conditions) crew should notify ATC about
the ability to maintain navigation accuracy, stateits intentions, co-ordinate a plan of action and
obtain a revised ATC clearance.
If unable to notify ATC, crew should follow
established contingency procedures and obtain
ATC clearance as soon as possible.
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