books, libraries, and the changing digital landscape
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Books, libraries, and the changing digital landscape
Kathryn Zickuhr Research Associate
November 12, 2013 University of Chicago, Cultural Policy Center
@kzickuhr | @pewinternet | @pewresearch
November 12, 2013 2 www.pewinternet.org
About the Pew Research Center
• Non-partisan “fact tank” in Washington, DC, made up of seven projects
• Does not promote specific technologies or make
policy recommendations More: pewresearch.org
@pewresearch @pewinternet
Three phases: I. State of reading
II. Library services
III. Typology
Three-year grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to study the changing role of public libraries in the digital age
About our libraries research
November 12, 2013 3 www.pewinternet.org
Quantitative: Phone surveys • Landlines and cell phones • English and Spanish • Americans ages 16 & older • Nationally representative
About our libraries research
Qualitative: Online questionnaires and in-person focus groups
More: libraries.pewinternet.org
% of adults ages 18+ who go online, 1995-present
Internet use over time
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
50% (2000)
14% (1995)
85%(2013)
November 12, 2013 6 www.pewinternet.org
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012
TV Radio Newspaper Online Any Digital News
Daily news sources % of respondents who got news “yesterday” from each platform
November 12, 2013 7 stateofthemedia.org
Adults’ gadget ownership (18+)
• 91% of adults have a cell phone
• 61% have a laptop computer
• 58% have a desktop computer
• 55% have a smartphone
• 34% have a tablet computer
• 24% have an e-reader
November 12, 2013 8 www.pewinternet.org
Tablets & e-readers by age group
24% 24%
30%
22% 18%
46%
37%
44%
31%
18%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
16-17* 18-29 30-49 50-64 65+
E-readers Tablets
Source: Pew Internet September 2013 survey.
More: stateofthemedia.org
November 12, 2013 10 www.pewinternet.org
E-reading is on the rise
72%
16%
67%
23%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Print books E-books
2011
2012
% of all 16+ who read a book in each format in the past year
Source: Pew Internet December 2011 / November 2012 surveys.
94% 91% 85%
90% 91%
28% 31%
41%
23% 20%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
16-17 18-29 30-49 50-64 65+
Print E-books
Among readers, the % in each age group who read a book in print or an e-book in the past year (2012)
Book reading by age group
Source: Pew Internet November 2012 survey.
Why Americans read % in each age group who read any type of material (including books, magazines, journals, newspapers, & online content) for the following reasons:
Source: Pew Internet December 2011 survey. libraries.pewinternet.org
81% 76% 73%
81%
49%
81% 79% 73%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
For work or school For pleasure To keep up with current events
To research topics of interest
Ages 16-29 Ages 30+
E-books beyond e-readers
Among people who read e-books, the % in each age group who read their e-books on the following devices (2011)
41%
55%
23%
16%
25%
38%
46%
26%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Cell phone Desktop or laptop E-reader Tablet
Ages 16-29 30 and older
Source: Pew Internet December 2011 survey. libraries.pewinternet.org
Which is better for these purposes, a
printed book or an e-book? Among those 16+ who read both a print book & an e-book in the past year (2011)
81%
69%
43% 35%
19% 13% 9%
25%
45% 53%
73%
83%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Reading with a child
Sharing with others
Reading in bed
Having a wide
selection
Reading while
traveling
Get books quickly
Print E-books
Source: Pew Internet December 2011 survey. libraries.pewinternet.org
Books & browsing still central
Among those who visited a library in-person in the past year, the % who did the following activities
31%
50%
54%
73%
73%
Read magazines/newspapers
Get help from a librarian
Research topics of interest
Browse the stacks
Borrow books
AT THE LIBRARY
Source: Pew Internet November 2012 survey. Data is for library visitors ages 16+.
What Americans say it is important for libraries to offer
49
63
67
73
74
76
77
80
80
36
30
22
20
21
19
18
15
16
0 20 40 60 80 100
Free public meeting spaces
Free events/activities
Job/career resources
Research resources like databases
Programs for children & teens
Quiet study spaces
Free access to computers/internet
Borrowing books
Librarians to help people find info
Very important Somewhat important
“Our customers are still using the library but in different ways. They browse our catalog online, place reserves on the items they want, then pick them up at their location of choice… Fewer browse the collection in person.”
– Library staff member
November 12, 2013 19 www.pewinternet.org
16%
17%
26%
40%
46%
Borrow a music CD
Borrow an audio book
Use computer or internet
Borrow a DVD
Use a research database
AT THE LIBRARY
Technology & media use at the library
Among those who visited a library in-person in the past year, the % who did the following activities
Source: Pew Internet November 2012 survey. Data is for library visitors ages 16+.
E-reading is on the rise Borrowing is just getting started
23% of Americans read an e-book in 2012, up from 16% in 2011
5% of recent library users have borrowed an e-book in past year, as of late 2012
“We spend a significant part of our day explaining how to get library books onto e-book readers.”
– Library staff member
November 12, 2013 22 www.pewinternet.org
62% of Americans say they do not know if their library lends out e-books. This includes 58% of library card holders.
? ? ? Source: Pew Internet November 2012 survey.
What Americans say it is important for libraries to offer
49
63
67
73
74
76
77
80
80
36
30
22
20
21
19
18
15
16
0 20 40 60 80 100
Free public meeting spaces
Free events/activities
Job/career resources
Research resources like databases
Programs for children & teens
Quiet study spaces
Free access to computers/internet
Borrowing books
Librarians to help people find info
Very important Somewhat important
21%
23%
41%
49%
Attend a class/lecture for adults
Attend a meeting of a group
Event for children/teens
Sit, read, and study, etc
AT THE LIBRARY
Libraries as community spaces
Among those who visited a library in-person in the past year, the % who did the following activities
Source: Pew Internet November 2012 survey. Data is for library visitors ages 16+.
What Americans say it is important for libraries to offer
49
63
67
73
74
76
77
80
80
36
30
22
20
21
19
18
15
16
0 20 40 60 80 100
Free public meeting spaces
Free events/activities
Job/career resources
Research resources like databases
Programs for children & teens
Quiet study spaces
Free access to computers/internet
Borrowing books
Librarians to help people find info
Very important Somewhat important
Summary: How Americans use libraries
56% of Americans 16+ used a library in the past year • 53% visited in person • 25% used website Books, browsing, librarians are still central, both in how
people use libraries and in their conception of libraries …but technology is also a common use and a high priority More: libraries.pewinternet.org
Source: Pew Internet November 2012 survey.
23
26
26
28
29
33
34
35
35
37
28
32
32
29
35
30
28
34
28
36
48
40
39
41
34
35
36
29
35
26
0 20 40 60 80 100
Classes on e-readers
Digital media lab
Pre-loaded e-readers
Classes on borrowing e-books
Personalized accounts
Library kiosks in community
Cell GPS app
Tech try-out program
Library app
"Ask a librarian" online service
Very likely Somewhat likely Not too likely or not at all likely
How likely would you be to use…
Should libraries…
20
41
42
43
47
53
59
61
82
85
39
36
34
39
38
30
28
27
14
11
36
20
19
14
12
5
9
9
3
2
Move stacks out of public locations
Make MOST services automated
Move MOST library services online
Help users digitize own materials
More interactive learning experiences
Offer more e-books
Have more comfortable spaces
Separate spaces for different services
Free literacy programs
Coordinate more with schools
Should definitely do Should maybe do Should definitely not do
What do Americans want?
More activities, events for children & teens, separate spaces
…and print books, quiet
Convenience (apps, e-books, kiosks)
… and closer relationships with librarians
November 12, 2013 30 www.pewinternet.org
Now what?
Fewer traditional touchpoints • E-books and online services • Search engines for “short answer” questions • Awareness of services
November 12, 2013 31 www.pewinternet.org
Now what?
Fewer traditional touchpoints • E-books and online services • Search engines for “short answer” questions • Awareness of services
Convenience and connection • Social media, email, apps, websites • Personalized services, recommendations • “Digital literacies” beyond the classroom
November 12, 2013 32 www.pewinternet.org
Libraries’ evolving roles
Providing access to information – and guidance:
Access to tools (computers, internet)
Access to information resources (books, media, databases)
How to use tools
How to find & verify information
November 12, 2013 33 www.pewinternet.org
Libraries’ evolving roles
Providing access to information – and guidance:
Access to tools (computers, internet)
Access to information resources (books, media, databases)
How to use tools
How to find & verify information
November 12, 2013 34 www.pewinternet.org
71% of teens with home computer access say the laptop or desktop they use most often is one they share with other family members.
November 12, 2013 35 www.pewinternet.org
Libraries’ evolving roles
Providing access to information – and guidance:
Access to tools (computers, internet)
Access to information resources (books, media, databases)
How to use tools
How to find & verify information
November 12, 2013 36 www.pewinternet.org
Libraries’ evolving roles
Providing access to information – and guidance:
Access to tools (computers, internet)
Access to information resources (books, media, databases)
How to use tools
How to find & verify information
November 12, 2013 37 www.pewinternet.org
Libraries’ evolving roles
Providing access to information – and guidance:
Access to tools (computers, internet)
Access to information resources (books, media, databases)
How to use tools
How to find & verify information
November 12, 2013 38 www.pewinternet.org
The sources students are “very likely” to use in a typical research assignment*:
• Google / search engine (94%) • Wikipedia (75%) • YouTube / social media (52%) • Their peers (42%) • Spark Notes, Cliff Notes (41%) • News sites of major news organizations (25%) • Print or electronic textbooks (18%) • Online databases such as EBSCO, JSTOR (17%) • A research librarian at school or public library (16%) • Printed books other than textbooks (12%) • Student-oriented search engines like Sweet Search (10%)
* According to middle and high school AP & NWP teachers
Libraries’ evolving roles
Providing access to information – and guidance:
Access to tools (computers, internet)
Access to information resources (books, media, databases)
How to use tools
How to find & verify information
November 12, 2013 40 www.pewinternet.org
Libraries’ evolving roles
Providing access to information – and guidance:
Access to tools (computers, internet)
Access to information resources (books, media, databases)
How to use tools
How to find & verify information
• More complicated research queries
• Databases / “beyond search engines”
• New literacies
• All types of information
November 12, 2013 41 www.pewinternet.org
Libraries’ evolving roles
“[Our strength is] connecting the community with technology and knowledge.”
“A warm, welcoming and friendly space is hard to find these days”
More: bit.ly/libthoughts November 12, 2013 42 www.pewinternet.org
Thank you! Kathryn Zickuhr Research Associate kzickuhr@pewresearch.org
Pew Research Center pewresearch.org pewresearch.org/internet
November 12, 2013 University of Chicago, Cultural Policy Center
@kzickuhr | @pewinternet | @pewresearch
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