bone structure

Construct Interactive Notes

• 7 pages binder paperOn cover, write• Chapter 5: Skeletal System• Name, period, seat #• Color Picture

Bone Structure (pg 2)

Functions of the Bones

1. Support: Form internal framework that supports the body

Functions of the Bones

1. Support: Form internal framework that supports the body

2. Protection: Protects organs

Functions of the Bones

1. Support: Form internal framework that supports the body

2. Protection: Protects organs3. Movement: Skeletal muscles use bones as

levers

Functions of the Bones

1. Support: Form internal framework that supports the body

2. Protection: Protects organs3. Movement: Skeletal muscles use bones as

levers4. Storage: Marrow stores fat. Bone tissue

stores calcium and phosphorus

Functions of the Bones

1. Support: Form internal framework that supports the body

2. Protection: Protects organs3. Movement: Skeletal muscles use bones as

levers4. Storage: Marrow stores fat. Bone tissue

stores calcium and phosphorus5. Blood cell formation: Occurs in bone marrow

Bone Tissue

• Compact Bone: Contains haversian canals that carry blood vessels surrounded by concentric rings of matrix that contains osteocytes in lacunae

Bone Tissue

• Compact Bone: Contains haversian canals that carry blood vessels surrounded by concentric rings of matrix that contains osteocytes in lacunae

• Spongy Bone: Less dense than compact bone. Contains thin columns of bone tissue surrounded by small, irregular cavities. The cavities are filled with red bone marrow, which forms red and white blood cells.

Bone ShapesShape Description Example

Long Longer than it is wide Femur

Short Approximately cube shaped Carpals

Flat Thin, usually curved Skull and ribs

Irregular Do not fit any of the categories above

Vertebrae

Parts of a long bone1. Diaphysis: cylindrical main portion of a bone.

Made of compact bone

Parts of a long bone1. Diaphysis: cylindrical main portion of a bone.

Made of compact bone2. Epiphyses: Enlarged ends of the bone. Thin

layer of compact bone filled with spongy bone

Parts of a long bone1. Diaphysis: cylindrical main portion of a bone.

Made of compact bone2. Epiphyses: Enlarged ends of the bone. Thin

layer of compact bone filled with spongy bone

3. Articular cartilage: Thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the epiphysis. Reduces friction at joints

Parts of a long bone1. Diaphysis: cylindrical main portion of a bone.

Made of compact bone2. Epiphyses: Enlarged ends of the bone. Thin

layer of compact bone filled with spongy bone

3. Articular cartilage: Thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the epiphysis. Reduces friction at joints

4. Periosteum: Tough sheath of connective tissue that surrounds the bone

Parts of a long bone1. Diaphysis: cylindrical main portion of a bone.

Made of compact bone2. Epiphyses: Enlarged ends of the bone. Thin layer

of compact bone filled with spongy bone3. Articular cartilage: Thin layer of hyaline cartilage

covering the epiphysis. Reduces friction at joints4. Periosteum: Tough sheath of connective tissue

that surrounds the bone5. Medullary cavity: hollow space within the

diaphysis that contains fatty yellow bone marrow

Parts of a long bone1. Diaphysis: cylindrical main portion of a bone.

Made of compact bone2. Epiphyses: Enlarged ends of the bone. Thin layer of

compact bone filled with spongy bone3. Articular cartilage: Thin layer of hyaline cartilage

covering the epiphysis. Reduces friction at joints4. Periosteum: Tough sheath of connective tissue

that surrounds the bone5. Medullary cavity: hollow space within the

diaphysis that contains fatty yellow bone marrow6. Endosteum: thin membrane that lines the

medullary cavity

Bone markings

• Head: Enlarged, rounded end of bone for articulation

Bone markings

• Head: Enlarged, rounded end of bone for articulation

• Condyle: Smooth, rounded articular surface

Bone markings

• Head: Enlarged, rounded end of bone for articulation

• Condyle: Smooth, rounded articular surface• Epicondyle: Bulge above a condyle for muscle

attachment

Bone markings

• Head: Enlarged, rounded end of bone for articulation

• Condyle: Smooth, rounded articular surface• Epicondyle: Bulge above a condyle for muscle

attachment• Trochanter: Large, blunt projection for muscle

attachment

Bone markings

• Head: Enlarged, rounded end of bone for articulation

• Condyle: Smooth, rounded articular surface• Epicondyle: Bulge above a condyle for muscle

attachment• Trochanter: Large, blunt projection for muscle

attachment• Foramen: Hole in a bone for passage of blood

vessels and nerves