bolivar recycled water asr€¦ · 9 | bolivar recycled water asr key findings. fate of pathogens...

Bolivar recycled water ASRKey findings

LAND AND WATER

Joanne Vanderzalm| Team Leader, Liveable Sustainable and Resilient Cities

27 January 2016

Water balance – Oct 1999 to Mar 2010704 ML injected and 501 ML recovered over four ASR cycles

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000

Vo

lum

e (

ML

)

Days since start of trial

Cycle 2

Cycle 3

Cycle 4

Cycle 1

1 ML = 103 m3

Bolivar recycled water ASR key findings2 |

0

1

2

3

1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22

Time (Days)

K (

met

res/

day

)

0-3cm

3-16cm

Assessing potential for clogging of well using laboratory columns of aquifer material

Bolivar recycled water ASR key findings3 |

Variations in injection rate due to transient hydraulic gradients, clogging, and clogging management

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19

March 2002

Flo

w r

ate

(L

/s)

Bolivar recycled water ASR key findings4 |

Predicted distribution of injectant on a radial vertical cross-section after 200 ML of injection

Where will water go?

Bolivar recycled water ASR key findings5 |

50 m obs

well depths

variable hydraulic

conductivity with depth

Salinity increase during recovery phase

Ambient groundwater = 2000 mg/L

Recovery efficiency = 152ML/250ML= 61%

Cycle’s 2 and 3 >80%

Bolivar recycled water ASR key findings6 |

Aquifer treatment processes

pathogen

inactivation

adsorption

mixing / dilution

water

supplydemand

aquifer storage

biogeochemical

reactions

Bolivar recycled water ASR key findings7 |

Total Organic Carbon ~ 20% removal

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Cycle 1 Cycle 2 Cycle 3 Cycle 4

Avg Injectant

Avg Recovery

TOC

(m

g/L)

Bolivar recycled water ASR key findings8 |

Total Nitrogen ~ 70% removal

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Cycle 1 Cycle 2 Cycle 3 Cycle 4

Avg Injectant

Avg Recovery

Tota

l N (

mg/

L)

Bolivar recycled water ASR key findings9 |

Fate of pathogens

Laboratory studies and in-situpathogen survival chambers

Virus species adenovirus, rotavirus, coxsackievirusand the bacteriophage MS2

Protozoa Cryptosporidium

Bacterial speciesCampylobacter jejuni, Salmonella, E. coli and E. facalis

2.5 cm

Days0 255

Bolivar recycled water ASR key findings10 |

Laboratory study of E. coli decay in sterile (filtered) and non-sterile groundwater or injectant

Laboratory study of trace organic chemical fate e.g. endocrine disruptors

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Time (days)

Co

ncen

trati

on

(u

g/L

)

4-t-OP

4-n-NP

4-t-OP = 4-tert-octylphenol 4-n-OP = 4-n-nonyphenol Treatment : Aerobic conditions without co-metabolite (organic carbon)

Bolivar recycled water ASR key findings11 |

Fate of disinfection byproducts

0

40

80

120

160

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Days from start of storage phase

To

tal

Tri

halo

meth

an

es

(mg

/L)

4 m obs well

ASR

well50 m obs

well

injected concentration

Half-life 14 days

(methanogenic)

Half-life 40 days

(Nitrate reducing)

Bolivar recycled water ASR key findings12 |

Australian drinking water guideline value 250 μg/L

Fate of metals – Arsenic mobilisation

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

Jul-08 Sep-08 Nov-08 Jan-09 Mar-09 May-09 Jul-09 Sep-09 Nov-09 Jan-10 Mar-10 May-10

As-s

olu

ble

(m

g/L

)

injectant

ASR well

4m

50m n-3

Injection RecoveryStorage

Irrigation

LTV = 0.1 mg/L

STV = 2.0 mg/L

Bolivar recycled water ASR key findings13 |

Australian drinking

water guideline value

0.010 mg/L

Regional groundwater flow modelling

Martin and Dillon, 2005Bolivar recycled water ASR key findings14 |

Conclusions

• Australia’s first reclaimed water ASR trial is technically, environmentally and economically viable Clogging was demonstrated to be manageable

Recovered water quality was found to be fit for irrigation supplies

Recovery efficiency exceeded 80%

No evidence of any degradation of the environmental values of the aquifer, and no adverse impact on any other groundwater user

Dissolution of calcite will not adversely impact on the normal operating life of the ASR well, nor destabilise the overlying aquitard (design life >100 years)

• Improved knowledge of aquifer treatment processes and developed sound operating practices and ability to predict changes

• Science underpinning national MAR Guidelines

Bolivar recycled water ASR key findings15 |

Peter Dillon

Honorary Fellow

co-chair IAH Commission on Managed Aquifer Recharge

e pdillon500@gmail.com

Declan Page

Group Leader, Liveable Sustainable Resilient Cities

t +61 8 8303 8748

e declan.page@csiro.au

Joanne Vanderzalm

Team Leader, Liveable Sustainable Resilient Cities

t +61 8 8303 8505

E joanne.vanderzalm@csiro.au

LAND AND WATER