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Bolivar recycled water ASRKey findings
LAND AND WATER
Joanne Vanderzalm| Team Leader, Liveable Sustainable and Resilient Cities
27 January 2016
Water balance – Oct 1999 to Mar 2010704 ML injected and 501 ML recovered over four ASR cycles
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
Vo
lum
e (
ML
)
Days since start of trial
Cycle 2
Cycle 3
Cycle 4
Cycle 1
1 ML = 103 m3
Bolivar recycled water ASR key findings2 |
0
1
2
3
1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22
Time (Days)
K (
met
res/
day
)
0-3cm
3-16cm
Assessing potential for clogging of well using laboratory columns of aquifer material
Bolivar recycled water ASR key findings3 |
Variations in injection rate due to transient hydraulic gradients, clogging, and clogging management
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19
March 2002
Flo
w r
ate
(L
/s)
Bolivar recycled water ASR key findings4 |
Predicted distribution of injectant on a radial vertical cross-section after 200 ML of injection
Where will water go?
Bolivar recycled water ASR key findings5 |
50 m obs
well depths
variable hydraulic
conductivity with depth
Salinity increase during recovery phase
Ambient groundwater = 2000 mg/L
Recovery efficiency = 152ML/250ML= 61%
Cycle’s 2 and 3 >80%
Bolivar recycled water ASR key findings6 |
Aquifer treatment processes
pathogen
inactivation
adsorption
mixing / dilution
water
supplydemand
aquifer storage
biogeochemical
reactions
Bolivar recycled water ASR key findings7 |
Total Organic Carbon ~ 20% removal
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Cycle 1 Cycle 2 Cycle 3 Cycle 4
Avg Injectant
Avg Recovery
TOC
(m
g/L)
Bolivar recycled water ASR key findings8 |
Total Nitrogen ~ 70% removal
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Cycle 1 Cycle 2 Cycle 3 Cycle 4
Avg Injectant
Avg Recovery
Tota
l N (
mg/
L)
Bolivar recycled water ASR key findings9 |
Fate of pathogens
Laboratory studies and in-situpathogen survival chambers
Virus species adenovirus, rotavirus, coxsackievirusand the bacteriophage MS2
Protozoa Cryptosporidium
Bacterial speciesCampylobacter jejuni, Salmonella, E. coli and E. facalis
2.5 cm
Days0 255
Bolivar recycled water ASR key findings10 |
Laboratory study of E. coli decay in sterile (filtered) and non-sterile groundwater or injectant
Laboratory study of trace organic chemical fate e.g. endocrine disruptors
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Time (days)
Co
ncen
trati
on
(u
g/L
)
4-t-OP
4-n-NP
4-t-OP = 4-tert-octylphenol 4-n-OP = 4-n-nonyphenol Treatment : Aerobic conditions without co-metabolite (organic carbon)
Bolivar recycled water ASR key findings11 |
Fate of disinfection byproducts
0
40
80
120
160
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Days from start of storage phase
To
tal
Tri
halo
meth
an
es
(mg
/L)
4 m obs well
ASR
well50 m obs
well
injected concentration
Half-life 14 days
(methanogenic)
Half-life 40 days
(Nitrate reducing)
Bolivar recycled water ASR key findings12 |
Australian drinking water guideline value 250 μg/L
Fate of metals – Arsenic mobilisation
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
Jul-08 Sep-08 Nov-08 Jan-09 Mar-09 May-09 Jul-09 Sep-09 Nov-09 Jan-10 Mar-10 May-10
As-s
olu
ble
(m
g/L
)
injectant
ASR well
4m
50m n-3
Injection RecoveryStorage
Irrigation
LTV = 0.1 mg/L
STV = 2.0 mg/L
Bolivar recycled water ASR key findings13 |
Australian drinking
water guideline value
0.010 mg/L
Regional groundwater flow modelling
Martin and Dillon, 2005Bolivar recycled water ASR key findings14 |
Conclusions
• Australia’s first reclaimed water ASR trial is technically, environmentally and economically viable Clogging was demonstrated to be manageable
Recovered water quality was found to be fit for irrigation supplies
Recovery efficiency exceeded 80%
No evidence of any degradation of the environmental values of the aquifer, and no adverse impact on any other groundwater user
Dissolution of calcite will not adversely impact on the normal operating life of the ASR well, nor destabilise the overlying aquitard (design life >100 years)
• Improved knowledge of aquifer treatment processes and developed sound operating practices and ability to predict changes
• Science underpinning national MAR Guidelines
Bolivar recycled water ASR key findings15 |
Peter Dillon
Honorary Fellow
co-chair IAH Commission on Managed Aquifer Recharge
Declan Page
Group Leader, Liveable Sustainable Resilient Cities
t +61 8 8303 8748
Joanne Vanderzalm
Team Leader, Liveable Sustainable Resilient Cities
t +61 8 8303 8505
LAND AND WATER