biomass fuels the value chain for modernising … · 2019-09-02 · •gasification •combustion...
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MICRO-GASIFICATION A WAY TO SOLVE THE COOKING CONUNDRUM IN AFRICA
How micro-gasification uses biomass in a way that is efficient, clean and cost effective and can be implemented in urban environments to replace LPG, Charcoal and Paraffin
82% OF PEOPLE IN SUB SAHARAN AFRICA
COOK WITH BIOMASS FUELS
Without Clean Cooking
No Access To Electricity
AFRICAN POPULATION WITHOUT ELECTRICITY
AFRICAN URBAN TRENDS FOR COOKING & FUEL USE
URBANISATION SUBSISTENCE FARMING CANNOT COMPETE WITH LARGE SCALE FARMING TECHNIQUES. AFRICA WILLL BECOME MORE INDUSTRIALISED AND SERVICE DRIVEN. MIGRATION FROM RURAL HUTS TO URBAN SHACKS WILL CONTINUE AND ACCELARATE. CITIES WILL EXPLODE AND SHORTAGES OF POWER AND INFRASTRUCTURE WILL EXIST. COOKING WILL BE A MAJOR ISSUE.
URBAN FUEL USE URBAN CONSUMERS CANNOT COLLECT WOOD. THERE IS NONE CLOSE AT HAND AND TRANSPORT IS LIMITED. THIS AND INCREASED SPENDING POWER CREATES A MARKET FOR FUEL. THIS FUEL CAN BE WOOD OR OTHER MORE PROCESSED BIOMASS AND PETROCHEMICAL DERIVED FUELS. THE PRICE OF THE FUEL WILL BE A DETERMINING FACTOR IN THE COOKING METHOD USED
URBAN COOKING SHACK DWELLING IS OFTEN IN CONFINED SPACES. OUTDOORS COOKING IS OFTEN DIFFICULT. URBAN DWELLERS WILL PREFER SMOKELESS COOKING METHODS FOR HEALTH AND CLEAN ODOUR REASONS. ADVANCED COOK STOVES WILL INCREASE IN USE IF FUEL OPTIONS EXIST TO SUPPORT ACS DEVICES. THESE INCLUDE PELLETS, CHARCOAL, GAS, ODOURLESS LIQUIDS AND ELECTRICITY.
WOOD, CHARCOAL & PARAFFIN IS USED AS FUEL ACROSS AFRICA
SMOKE RELATED AILMENTS
DEFORESTATION
PARAFFIN RISKS
ENERGY POVERTY
PREMATURE ANNUAL DEATHS FROM IAP (INDOOR AIR POLLUTION) With comparison to other developing world diseases
TOTAL COOKING FUEL MARKET IN AFRICA
• 200 MILLION HOUSEHOLDS
• EACH HOUSEHOLD COOKS ABOUT 400 HOURS PA
• 80 BILLION HOURS OF COOKING @ AT 2KW / STOVE
• 160 BILLION kWh NEEDED FOR COOKING ANNUALLY
• COOKING FUEL ALTERNATIVES
GRID POWER
NATURAL OR LPG GASS
BIOGAS OR
CHARCOAL
NATURAL BIOMASS
THE COOKING FUEL CHALLENGES
Fossil Fuels Although Clean
Cause Global Warming
Charcoal from Biomass Causes Global Warming
and uses 3X the fuel
Cooking with Biomass causes
Indoor Air Pollution &
Smoke Related Sickness
There is not enough
electricity generation
capacity or grid capability
AFRICA HAS A SHORTAGE OF GENERATING POWER!
POWER FOR COOKING WILL HAVE TO BE SOLVED ANOTHER WAY!
NATURAL GAS & LPG ARE FOSSIL FUELS
THE GOOD NEWS • Gas produces almost no black carbon
• Gas reduces the carbon footprint of coal by 50%
THE BAD NEWS • Gas requires large investments in infra-structure
• Gas produces .2 kgs of CO2 per kWh
If used to for all cooking in Africa, this would produce 32,000 tonnes of CO2 pa
AFRICAN CHARCOAL MARKET
THE SCIENTIFIC BASIS OF FIRE
Solid dry biomass “burns” with these processes:
• Heat causes pyrolysis (chemical decompo-sitions into combustible gases) and carbonization (charcoal creation).
• Charcoal can be “char-gasified” into gases.
• The created gases can combust; solids do not!
• These processes can occur at different rates and in different places in different fires.
• Control and separation of these processes are the keys to different types of combustion.
GASIFICATION – THE CHEMISTRY
Gasification TLUD MICRO-GASIFIER STOVE EXPLAINED
> 90% reduction in smoke & CO
> 100% increase in heat efficiency
TWO STAGE PROCESS • GASIFICATION • COMBUSTION OF GAS
MICRO-GASIFIER EXAMPLES
MICRO-GASIFICATION IS A VIABLE TECHNOLOGY THAT CAN BE USED TO INCREASE THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY
AND DECREASE THE RISK OF BIOMASS IN AFRICA
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