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Biology Study Guide Answers

Cells/Cell Transport

1

• 1.) All living things are made of cells.

• 2.) Cells are the most basic unit of

structure and function in living things.

• 3.) Cells come from pre-existing cells.

2 & 5.) Prokaryote Vs. Eukaryote

Comparison

Prokaryote EukaryoteBoth

*No Nucleus

*No organelles

*All are unicellular

*Very small

*All are bacteria

*All have cell walls

*Cells have a nucleus

*Cells have organelles

*Can be unicellular, but

most are multicellular

Cells are 10x-100x larger

than prokaryotic cells

*Some have cell walls

* Plants, algae, fungi,

animals

*Have cell

membranes

*Have DNA

*Are alive

• Have

ribosomes

• Have

cytoplasm

• FRED H.

GARC

3 & 6.) Plant Vs. Animal Comparison

Plant AnimalBoth

*Have cell walls

*Have chloroplasts

• Have large central

vacuoles

• Are 10x larger

than animal cells.

*No cell wall

• have: lysosomes,

centrioles

• Smaller than plant

cells

*Have:

cell membranes

DNA, ribosomes,

ER, GOLGI,

nucleus,

nucleolus,

mitochondria,

vesicles

4.)

• Bacteria are the only example of a

prokaryote

7

• The nucleus provides a barrier to keep the

DNA safe.

• The nuclear membrane prevents DNA

from coming into contact with enzymes

that could damage it.

• The nuclear membrane (along with

melanin pigment produced by other cells)

prevents the DNA from being damaged by

UV rays.

8

• Nucleolus is an RNA rich area of the

nucleus where ribosomes are made.

9

• Golgi is most like a post office because:

– It receives and ships proteins and

carbohydrates.

– It packages proteins/carbs into transport

vesicles for delivery.

10

• GA Power is most like the mitochondria.

• The mitochondria use sugar to produce

usable energy.

• GA Power uses coal or water or nuclear

reactions to generate electricity.

11

• Janitor = lysosome

• Both clean up/break down trash,

unused/unneeded materials and prepare

them for removal.

12

• Smooth ER makes lipids (and detoxify

substances in the cell).

13

• The rough ER serves protein synthesis in

two ways:

– 1.) It provides a place for ribosomes to anchor

and operate (however, they don’t HAVE to be

attached to ER in order to work)

– 2.) They put proteins (made on attached

ribosomes) into transport vesicles and send

them to the Golgi.

14

• Chloroplasts make sugar (food) in

photosynthetic organisms.

15.)

• Both the cell membrane and a bouncer

work to control what (who) comes in/out of

the cell (club).

16

• Vacuoles are for long term storage.

• Vesicles are for short-term storage and

transport.

17

• Ribosome Rough ER vesicle

Golgi vesicle cell membrane

(exocytosis) out.

18

• Since mitochondria produce usable

cellular energy, a person with

malfunctioning mitochondria would likely

experience:

– Difficulty moving

– Lack of energy (more fatigue)

– Difficulty regulating homeostasis

– Increased immune problems

19

• Prokaryotes do a number of positive

things:

– Help us digest our food.

– Keep parasitic fungi from growing on our skin

– Help us make foods like yogurt, cheese and

breads

– Provide usable nitrogen for plants to grow

Essays

• Answers will vary…

Cell Membrane &

Cell Transport

Questions

1

1

2

• Because the proteins in the membrane are

scattered (like the pieces in a mosaic), but

can move sideways due to the fluid-like

nature of the membrane.

• Like a mosaic, the membrane is made of

smaller parts which combine to give the

membrane its multiple functions.

3

• Passive

– no cell energy needed

– Moves with concentration

gradient

– Involves gases,

carbohydrates and water

– Examples:

• Osmosis

• Simple diffusion

• Facilitated diffusion

• Active

– Needs cell energy

– Moves against

concentration gradient

– Involves large molecules

(food particles) and things

dissolved in liquids.

– Examples:

• Sodium Potassium Pump

• Endocytosis

– Phagocytosis

– Pinocytosis

• Exocytosis

4

• Answers will vary, but here’s two:

• When you are sitting in another room of

the house, but you can smell the food

being cooked in the kitchen.

• Someone spraying perfume on the other

side of the room and eventually you smell

it.

5

• Facilitated diffusion

uses proteins to help

bring large molecules

into the cell;

• facilitated diffusion

moves sugars and

ions.

• Simple diffusion does

not use proteins.

• Simple diffusion

moves gases and

liquids;

6

• It will shrivel up because the water in the

cell will be pulled out due to the high

solute concentration outside the cell.

• Remember: “Where solutes are in large

supply, water will always move close by.”

7

• Water will move into the cell due to

osmosis.

• There are more solutes inside the cell, so

water moves in.

• The plant cell will swell, but will not burst

because it has a cell wall protecting it.

8

• Isotonic.

• In an isotonic solution, water moves in and

out of the cell freely (bringing nutrients in

and getting rid of waste), but the cell does

not swell or shrink.

9

• Hypotonic

• Plants cannot get water whenever they

need it; they must wait for rain.

• So, plants want to let in as much water as

possible so they can store it.

• Also, plants rely on nutrients entering their

cells through the roots. So, they need a

large volume of water entering the roots.

Chart

• We will fill out in class.