BIOLOGY

Unit 2 Notes:Types of Cells

(1) Types of Cells• Prokaryotic Cells:

Cells without a nucleus.–Pro = before ; -Karyo = nucleus–Cells that evolved before a nucleus

• Eukaryotic Cells:Cells with a nucleus and multiple organelles.– Eu = true ; -Karyo = nucleus–Cells with a true nucleus–*Humans are made with eukaryotic cells.

(2) Uni versus Multi• Unicellular Organisms:

Organisms made of only a single cell.*Many of the pond water organisms.

• Multicellular Organisms:Organisms made of trillions of specialized cells.*Humans .

(3) Organization in Multicellular Organisms• Most Basic Level = Atoms & Molecules–Cells–Tissues (made of cells)–Organs (made of tissues)–Organ Systems (made of organs)–Organism (made of organ systems)

(5) Amoeba

• Eukaryotic, Unicellular Organism.

• Their Unique Structures:– Pseudopods Cytoplasm “feet” that allow it to move

around.– Contractile Vacuole Regulates water levels.

(4) Amoeba

• How Do Amoeba Eat?– Phagocytosis:

Amoeba hunt for prey (other cells) by surrounding them and engulfing them.

– Endocytosis:A process where cells fuse other cells/vacuoles with their membrane, in order to bring nutrients inside.

– Exocytosis:A process where cells wrap waste/nutrients in vacuoles and push them out of their outer-membranes

(5) Paramecium• Eukaryotic, Unicellular Organism

• Unique Structures:– Cilia Tiny hair-like structures that beat to move

organism around.– Mouth Pore Used to bring food into cell.– Anal Pore Used to release waste.– Contractile Vacuole

(6) Euglena• Eukaryotic, Unicellular Organism.• Unique Structures:– Flagellum Whip-like structure that propels organism

around.– Chloroplast Organelle that uses sunlight to produce

sugars and oxygen.– Stigma Light detecting structure.– Contractile Vacuole