biological indices of toxicity in tropical legumes grown in oil-contaminated soil dinora...

Biological indices of toxicity in tropical legumes grown in oil-contaminated soil

Dinora Vázquez-Luna

Facultad de ingeniería en Sistemas de Producción Agropecuaria, Universidad

Veracruzana.

divazquez@uv.mx

Ecological Indicators 53 (2015) 43-48

Context

Context

Context

Introduction • The oil industry has altered the natural resources (García-Cuellar et al.,

2004)

• Crotalaria incana and Leucaena leucocephala can grow in oil-contaminated soil (Rivera-Cruz and Trujillo-Narcia, 2004; Vázquez-Luna, 2014).

Vázquez-Luna (2014)

Introduction

• In Mexico, current environmental regulations establish the maximum permissible limits of hydrocarbons in soil and specify characterization and remediation of hydrocarbon contamination (SEMARNAT-SS, 2003); however, these standards do not include criteria for:

– Assessing chronic effects

of contamination on soil

microorganisms and plants– Human health. – The use of bioindicators

in assessments.

Introduction • The aim of this study was to

generate user-friendly indicators of soil contamination to measure the toxic effects of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) on growth of the legumes C. incana L. and L. leucocephala Lam., and on the development of nitrogen-fixing soil microorganisms (rhizobial and free-living).

Materials and methods

Materials and methods

• where ot symbolizes petroleum treatment in relation to variable(y); i represents the ith variable; Xct denotes the average value of each variable for the control treatment; n = the number of variables measured in plants; N = the number of nitrogen-fixing bacterial species examined; and r represents treatment replicate number.

Materials and methods

• where oc = oil concentration (mg kg−1) and cc = concentration of the control treatment (mg kg−1); t = exposure time (days); and r represents treatment replicate number.

Results

Results

Results

Proposal

Toxicology Approaches

15July 22, 2012

Equitable development in the social, economic and environmental context.

Deterioration of the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of soils

Social conflicts

Ecology Economy

Evidence of social inequalities

Density of oil installations

Medicine

Statistical evidence to indicate relationship between pollution and the presence of diseases

Statistics Edaphology Biochemistry

Chronic effects on soils

1

2

3

Mathematics Physics Chemistry Biology Sociology

Ecology Economy

Gender

Geography

Medicine

Epidemiology

Statistic Edaphology Biochemistry

Toxicology

Anthropology

Based on "Fundamentals of Transdisciplinarity" by Max-Neef

1) Scientific and conceptual basis, 2) research results and 3) the ideal.

16July 22, 2012

Equitable development in the social, economic and environmental context

Deterioration of the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of soils

Social conflicts

Frequent environmental emergencies

Economic dependence on the industrial sector

Evidence of social inequalities

Density of oil installations

Statistical evidence to indicate relationship between pollution and the presence of diseases

33% of asthma cases

66.6% of allergies

10,000 mg kg-1 de TPH affects soil fertility

Altered biochemical processes in the habitat of the organisms

Chronic effects on soils

1

2

3

Allergic diseases diminish the quality of life

Effect on family finances

Abandonment of food production

Environmental degradation

Economic dependence

Inequities

Stationary and mobile sources

Synergistic effects of treatment and comorbidities

High incidence of allergic diseases

Environmental emergencies (100% population affected)

Toxicology

Social conflicts

Acknowledgments