benthic habitat mapping, primary productivity ......page | 8 centre for coastal biogeochemistry...
Post on 13-Jun-2020
5 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Damien Maher
Peter Squire
Bradley Eyre
Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry
Southern Cross University
October 2007
Benthic Habitat Mapping, Primary Productivity Measurements and Macrofauna Surveys in the
Camden Haven and Hastings River Estuaries
Prepared for: Port Macquarie Hasting Council
Client Contact: Matt Rogers
Prepared by: Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry
School of Environmental Science and Management
Southern Cross University
PO BOX 157
Lismore 2480
CCB Report No. 2007-05
Contact: Prof. Bradley Eyre
Telephone: (02) 66203773; 041 9622824
Fax: (02) 66212669
Email: bradley.eyre@scu.edu.au
Executive Summary
Benthic habitat mapping of the Hastings
River and Camden Haven Estuaries was
undertaken during February 2006. Habitat
within the Hastings River Estuary was found
to be dominated by channel sediments,
comprising of marine sands in the lower
estuary and fluvial sands and gravel in the
upper estuary. The Camden Haven Estuary
had extensive seagrass beds accounting for
nearly 40% of the total instream benthic
habitat. Three seagrass species are found
within the Camden Haven Estuary, Zostera capricorni, Halophila australis and
Ruppia megacarpa.
Benthic and pelagic productivity measurements and macrofauna surveys were
undertaken seasonally from winter 2006 to autumn 2007. Benthic productivity in both
estuaries showed distinct seasonality with the lowest productivity in winter and
highest in summer. Temperature appears to be the driving factor in this seasonality as
light and nutrient supply were generally optimal throughout all seasons. Benthic
productivity was approximately 10 times higher in seagrass communities than non-
seagrass communities and as such, these areas are extremely important in terms of
total estuarine productivity.
Pelagic productivity also showed distinct seasonality with the highest productivity
occurring during summer. Negligible winter pelagic productivity was observed in the
Hastings River estuary, suggesting that benthic productivity and terrestrial inputs is
sustaining the higher trophic levels during winter.
Macrofauna surveys showed distinct differences in community structure between
seagrass and non-seagrass areas. Highest species abundance and diversity were
generally found at seagrass and intertidal sand shoal sites, with general trend towards
lower diversity and abundance at deeper sites with muddy sediments.
In terms of benthic habitat and estuarine productivity the Camden Haven and
Hastings River Estuaries are in good health. The estuaries support extensive
commercial and recreational fisheries. To ensure the continued health of these
estuaries it is recommended that benthic habitat mapping and macrofauna surveys be
repeated at 2-3 year intervals for early detection of estuarine change. Investigations
into the impact of red weed (Polysiphonia sp) blooms on benthic and pelagic
processes in the lower estuaries are also recommended as data on these impacts is
limited.
Table of Contents Executive Summary ....................................................................................................... 3
Introduction .................................................................................................................... 6
1 Benthic Habitat Mapping ........................................................................................ 7
1.1 Methods ........................................................................................................... 7
1.2 Benthic Habitats .............................................................................................. 7
1.2.1 Hastings River .......................................................................................... 8
1.2.2 Camden Haven Estuary .......................................................................... 16
2 Benthic and Pelagic Productivity ......................................................................... 25
2.1 Sample Sites .................................................................................................. 25
2.2 Methods ......................................................................................................... 29
2.2.1 Benthic Productivity .............................................................................. 29
2.2.2 Pelagic Productivity ............................................................................... 31
2.3 Results ........................................................................................................... 32
2.3.1 Benthic Productivity .............................................................................. 32
2.3.2 Pelagic Productivity ............................................................................... 36
3 Macrofauna .......................................................................................................... 38
3.1 Methods ......................................................................................................... 38
3.2 Data ............................................................................................................... 38
4 Estuarine Health ................................................................................................... 44
5 Recommendations ................................................................................................ 47
6 References ............................................................................................................ 48
7 Appendix 1 Macrofauna abundance for Camden Haven and Hastings River
Estuaries ....................................................................................................................... 49
Table of Figures Figure 1 Seagrass beds in the lower Hastings River estuary. ................................................... 9 Figure 2 Seagrass beds in the Maria River ............................................................................. 10 Figure 3 Seagrass beds in the upper Hastings River estuary. ................................................. 11 Figure 4 Habitat map of the lower Hastings River estuary. .................................................... 13 Figure 5 Habitat map of the Maria River. ............................................................................... 14 Figure 6 Habitat map of the upper Hastings River estuary. .................................................... 15 Figure 7 Seagrass distribution in Camden Inlet, Googleys Lagoon and lower Stingray Creek.
................................................................................................................................................. 17 Figure 8 Seagrass distribution in Queens Lake ...................................................................... 18 Figure 9 Seagrass Distribution in Watson‟s Taylor Lake. ...................................................... 19 Figure 10 Habitat map of Camden Inlet, Googleys Lagoon and Stingray Creek. .................. 22 Figure 11 Habitat map of Queens Lake .................................................................................. 23 Figure 12 Habitat map of Watson Taylors Lake .................................................................... 24 Figure 13 Sampling locations in the Hastings River estuary .................................................. 27 Figure 14 Sampling locations in the Camden Haven estuary ................................................. 28 Figure 15 Field core incubation setup. ................................................................................... 29 Figure 16 Benthic chamber array used for seagrass and intertidal sand shoal incubations. ... 30 Figure 17 Graph displaying typical diurnal changes in oxygen concentration ....................... 31 Figure 18 Oxygen fluxes for core incubations in the Camden Haven estuary ....................... 32 Figure 19 Oxygen fluxes for core incubations in the Hastings River estuary ........................ 33 Figure 20 Oxygen fluxes for chamber incubations in the Camden Haven and Hastings River
estuaries. .................................................................................................................................. 34 Figure 21 Gross pelagic productivity in the Camden Haven and Hastings River estuaries. .. 36 Figure 22 Underwater photograph of red weed bloom during summer field trip ................... 37 Figure 23 Winter MDS ........................................................................................................... 40 Figure 24 Spring MDS ........................................................................................................... 40 Figure 25 Summer MDS ......................................................................................................... 41 Figure 26 Autumn MDS ......................................................................................................... 41 Figure 27 LINKTREE diagram for macrofauna sites during winter. ..................................... 42 Figure 28 LINKTREE diagram for macrofauna sites during spring ...................................... 42 Figure 29 LINKTREE diagram for macrofauna sites during summer ................................... 43 Figure 30 LINKTREE diagram for macrofauna sites during autumn. ................................... 43 Figure 31 Conceptual model of carbon flow in the Hastings River Estuary .......................... 45 Figure 32 Conceptual model of carbon flow in the Camden Haven Estuary ......................... 46
List of Tables Table 1 Benthic habitats as defined in the Hastings River Estuary ........................................ 12 Table 2 Habitat areas defined in the Camden Haven estuary. ................................................ 20 Table 3 Site, location and description for each of the sampling locations in the Hastings River
estuary. .................................................................................................................................... 25 Table 4 Site, location and description for each of the sampling locations in the Camden
Haven estuary. ......................................................................................................................... 26 Table 5 Benthic productivity budget for the Hastings and Camden Haven estuaries ............. 35 Table 6 Pelagic productivity ................................................................................................... 37 Table 7 Species diversity indices for macrofauna sites. ......................................................... 39 Table 8 Macrofauna abundance for Camden Haven and Hastings during winter. ................. 49 Table 9 Spring macrofauna abundance ................................................................................... 56 Table 10 Summer macrofauna abundance .............................................................................. 63 Table 11 Autumn macrofauna abundance .............................................................................. 70
Page | 6 Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry Report CCB 2007-05
Benthic Habitat mapping, Primary Productivity Measurements and Macrofauna Surveys in the Camden
Haven and Hastings River Estuaries
Introduction The Hastings River and Camden Haven estuaries are located on the Mid North Coast
of New South Wales, within the Port Macquarie Hastings Council municipality. The
Hastings River estuary which incorporates several large tributaries including
Limeburners Creek and Maria River has a total water area of 16.5km2. The Camden
Haven estuary has two main arms, with large shallow lakes on both tributaries, and
has a total water area of ~30km2. The Camden Haven estuary has extensive seagrass
communities with Zostera capricorni, Halophila australis and Ruppia megacarpa
present as monospecific and mixed beds.
The Camden Haven and Hastings River estuaries sustain a large Sydney Rock Oyster
(Saccostrea glomerata) industry. Total 2004/2005 oyster production of over 300 000
and 260 000 dozen oysters in the Hastings and Camden Haven estuaries respectively
which places these estuaries in the top 10 oyster producing areas in NSW.
Both the Hastings and Camden Haven estuaries are extremely popular recreational
fishing areas, with the Hastings now declared a recreational fishing haven, and
consequently professional fishing (other than oyster aquaculture) is no longer
permitted in the estuary. The Camden Haven is still fished professionally with total
fisheries production of ~54 000kg during the 2004/2005 financial year attributable to
24 license holders.
Previous studies in the Camden Haven and Hastings River estuaries have called for
improved knowledge of estuarine productivity (eg. the Hastings and Camden Haven
Estuary Processes Studies). Previous work also highlighted that little is known about
the macrobenthic communities in these two systems. Whilst periodic mapping of
seagrass areas in the Hastings River and Camden Haven Estuaries has been
undertaken, little to no work has be done on mapping other important habitat types
within these estuaries. In addition the level of detail in the historic seagrass maps was
also inadequate to determine fine scale changes in seagrass coverage and composition.
As such, Port Macquarie Hastings Council engaged the Centre for Coastal
Biogeochemistry to:
1. Undertake baseline surveys of benthic habitats, benthic productivity, seagrass
depth range and macrofauna in the Camden Haven and Hastings estuaries for
future comparison (2 to 3 years) as an indicator of the changing health of the
estuary.
2. Where previous benthic data exist (e.g. seagrass cover), compare with the
current surveys to quantify the extent of change as an indicator of current
estuarine health.
Due to the nature of the seagrass beds in both the Hastings River and Camden Haven
estuaries, no suitable locations were found to undertake seagrass depth range
monitoring. Within both estuaries the seagrass beds are located within shallow water
(generally less than 3 meters) with no beds located deep enough that light is a limiting
factor.
Page | 7 Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry Report CCB 2007-05
Benthic Habitat mapping, Primary Productivity Measurements and Macrofauna Surveys in the Camden
Haven and Hastings River Estuaries
1 Benthic Habitat Mapping
1.1 Methods
Benthic habitat mapping was undertaken during February 2006, to coincide with the
period of maximal seagrass density and coverage. As such any future comparisons of
benthic habitat should be undertaken towards the end of summer or early autumn as
the areal extent and percentage coverage of seagrass species declined significantly
during winter, in particular the coverage of Halophila australis in Queens Lake, and
at the top end of Limeburners Creek, where H. australis appeared to die back
completely during the colder months.
A combination of aerial photograph interpretation, underwater video transects, and
visual surveys were undertaken to map benthic habitats with underwater video
transects and visual surveys being recorded in real-time to a notebook computer
which was interfaced with a depth sounder and GPS, allowing habitat type, position
and depth to be recorded simultaneously. Data was then compiled using a
combination of MapInfo v8 and ARCGIS v9.1 GIS software. Accuracy of the
seagrass boundaries as determined by GPS calibration and fixed point ground truthing
was generally within ±10 meters, which is significantly less than the observed
seasonal fluctuations in seagrass bed boundaries. All GIS data is projected in UTM
WGS84 coordinates.
1.2 Benthic Habitats
Habitats were categorized based on sediment type (coarse river sand, marine sand and
mud), tidal position (intertidal, subtidal, channel), seagrass type (Zostera capricorni,
Ruppia megacarpa and Halophila australis) and seagrass cover (<25%, 25-50%, 50-
75% and 75-100%). For ease of interpretation seagrass cover is omitted in this report,
but is available in digital format in the attached data DVD. The following habitat
types were defined:
Intertidal Sand Shoals
Intertidal Mud Shoals
Subtidal Sand Shoals
Subtidal Mud Shoals
Marine Sand Channel
Coarse River Sand Channel
Zostera
Halophila
Ruppia
Zostera/Halophila (mixed seagrass beds with Z. capricorni dominant)
Halophila/Zostera (mixed seagrass beds with H. australis dominant)
Ruppia/Zostera/Halophila (mixed seagrass beds with R. megacarpa dominant)
It must be reiterated that the boundaries of many of these seagrass beds are quite
plastic, these results represent maximal coverage, and seagrass area and percentage
cover reduce significantly during the winter months.
Page | 8 Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry Report CCB 2007-05
Benthic Habitat mapping, Primary Productivity Measurements and Macrofauna Surveys in the Camden
Haven and Hastings River Estuaries
1.2.1 Hastings River
1.2.1.1 Seagrass
Seagrass within the Hastings River Estuary is dominated by Zostera capricorni with
one large bed of sparse (<20% cover) Halophila australis found at the top end of
Limeburners creek. This H. australis bed was found to die off significantly during the
colder winter months, and was replaced with a thick layer of filamentous benthic
microalgae. The Z. capricorni is generally restricted to the lower estuary, with only a
couple of small isolated fringing beds occurring in the Maria River and the mid to
upper Hastings River. Figures 1-3 show the distribution of seagrass with the Hastings
River Estuary.
Seagrass beds within the lower estuary were generally healthy throughout the duration
of the study (February 2006 – May 2007), however there was some accumulation of
drift algae during the summer sampling campaign (February 2007) in seagrass beds in
beds around the Settlement Point, backchannel and Big Bay areas. This coincided
with outbreaks of what is commonly referred to as “red weed”, marine Rhodophyta
algae that blooms naturally during periods of upwelling. This algae, Polysiphonia sp.
occurs off the coast generally growing on rocky substrates. The major concern
associated with the deposition of this algae within the estuaries is the deoxygenation
of the water column. Pelagic and benthic respiration rates did not show a significant
difference during periods of algal deposition. However pelagic productivity in the
lower Hastings River Estuary was considerably higher during summer when a bloom
of these algae was occurring. Therefore it is recommended that further study into the
effects of these algal blooms upon estuarine productivity and nutrient cycling are
recommended.
Page | 9 Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry Report CCB 2007-05
Benthic Habitat mapping, Primary Productivity Measurements and Macrofauna Surveys in the Camden
Haven and Hastings River Estuaries
Figure 1 Seagrass beds in the lower Hastings River estuary.
Page | 10 Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry Report CCB 2007-05
Benthic Habitat mapping, Primary Productivity Measurements and Macrofauna Surveys in the Camden
Haven and Hastings River Estuaries
Figure 2 Seagrass beds in the Maria River
Page | 11 Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry Report CCB 2007-05
Benthic Habitat mapping, Primary Productivity Measurements and Macrofauna Surveys in the Camden
Haven and Hastings River Estuaries
Figure 3 Seagrass beds in the upper Hastings River estuary.
Page | 12 Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry Report CCB 2007-05
Benthic Habitat mapping, Primary Productivity Measurements and Macrofauna Surveys in the Camden
Haven and Hastings River Estuaries
1.2.1.2 Benthic Habitats
Sediment distribution and zonation within the Hastings River was typical of mature
wave dominated barrier estuaries, with a gradient from clean quartz sand at the mouth
to organic rich mud‟s in the mid estuarine zone and fluvial sands and gravel in the
upper estuary (Roy et al, 2001). Estuarine habitat is dominated by a marine sand
channel in the lower estuary and coarse fluvial sands and gravel in the upper estuary.
Table 1 displays the area of each habitat mapped within the Hastings River Estuary.
Table 1 Benthic habitats as defined in the Hastings River Estuary
Habitat Description Area (km2) % of Total Area
Marine Sand
Channel
Clean quartz sands, high velocity
currents
5.467 29.36
Subtidal Sand
Shoals
Sand shoals deeper than the
MLWS level. Sand ranges from
clean quartz in the lower estuary
to fluvial sands and gravel in the
upper estuary
4.079 21.91
Fluvial Sands
and Gravel
Restricted to the upper estuary,
sediments are coarse sands to
fine gravels.
3.785 20.33
Subtidal Mud Depositional areas were
accumulation of fine silts and
clay occur
1.932 10.38
Intertidal Sand Sand shoals exposed at MLWS.
Extensively colonized by benthic
macrofauna such as Trypaea
australiensis (marine yabbie)
1.049 5.63
Zostera Areas of Z. capricorni
community.
1.172 6.29
Mangrove
Creek
Small tributaries dominated by
mangrove vegetation on the
littoral edge
0.574 3.09
Halophila Areas of H. australis community 0.382 2.05
Intertidal Mud
Shoals
Mud shoals exposed at MLWS 0.179 0.96
Figures 4-6 show the benthic habitats with the Hastings River estuary.
Page | 13 Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry Report CCB 2007-05
Benthic Habitat mapping, Primary Productivity Measurements and Macrofauna Surveys in the Camden
Haven and Hastings River Estuaries
Figure 4 Habitat map of the lower Hastings River estuary.
Page | 14 Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry Report CCB 2007-05
Benthic Habitat mapping, Primary Productivity Measurements and Macrofauna Surveys in the Camden
Haven and Hastings River Estuaries
Figure 5 Habitat map of the Maria River.
Page | 15 Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry Report CCB 2007-05
Benthic Habitat mapping, Primary Productivity Measurements and Macrofauna Surveys in the Camden
Haven and Hastings River Estuaries
Figure 6 Habitat map of the upper Hastings River estuary.
Page | 16 Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry Report CCB 2007-05
Benthic Habitat mapping, Primary Productivity Measurements and Macrofauna Surveys in the Camden
Haven and Hastings River Estuaries
1.2.1.3 Comparison with Existing Data
Seagrass distribution within the Hastings River estuary was mapped by West et al
(1985) as part of an estuarine inventory for NSW. This study found a total cover of
1.141 km2. This is comparable to the 1.171km
2 for combined Z. capricorni beds
found in this study. In the 1985 study and more recently a study undertaken by NSW
Fisheries and the Department of Planning's Comprehensive Coastal Assessment
Program (2006) the seagrass distribution was similar to this study, with a majority of
the seagrass being located in the lower estuary around the Big Bay and Settlement
Point backchannel area. Neither study however mapped the 0.382km2
of H. australis
found in upper Limeburners Creek. This seagrass bed is very seasonal, and access to
the area is restricted to high water only. Due to sediment resuspension aerial
photographs and satellite imagery do not clearly define these beds either. This may
explain why this seagrass coverage is not reported in these previous studies.
1.2.2 Camden Haven Estuary
1.2.2.1 Seagrass
The Camden Haven estuary has extensive seagrass coverage, with over 38% of the
estuarine benthic habitat having seagrass cover. Three species of seagrass are present
in the Camden Haven Estuary, R. megacarpa, Z. capricorni, and H. australis are
found as monoculture and mixed beds. As with the Hastings River estuary, there is
strong seasonality with seagrass coverage, in particular H. australis which in some
areas appears to die off completely during the cooler months (personal observation.).
Light and temperature data (data not shown) suggests that this is temperature related
as light remains well above the compensation point during the winter months.
Queens Lake contains over 70% of the total seagrass in the estuary and with all three
species present as monoculture and mixed beds. Extensive Z. capricorni beds are also
found in Googleys Lagoon, and Stingray Creek, with smaller isolated fringing beds
located along Camden Haven Inlet. Habitat within Watsons Taylor Lake is dominated
by subtidal mud shoals with seagrass generally limited to the northern area of the lake
where it discharges into Camden Haven Inlet. Figures 7-9 show the distribution of
seagrass within the Camden Haven.
Page | 17 Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry Report CCB 2007-05
Benthic Habitat mapping, Primary Productivity Measurements and Macrofauna Surveys in the Camden
Haven and Hastings River Estuaries
Figure 7 Seagrass distribution in Camden Inlet, Googleys Lagoon and lower Stingray Creek.
Page | 18 Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry Report CCB 2007-05
Benthic Habitat mapping, Primary Productivity Measurements and Macrofauna Surveys in the Camden
Haven and Hastings River Estuaries
Figure 8 Seagrass distribution in Queens Lake
Page | 19 Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry Report CCB 2007-05
Benthic Habitat mapping, Primary Productivity Measurements and Macrofauna Surveys in the Camden
Haven and Hastings River Estuaries
Figure 9 Seagrass Distribution in Watson’s Taylor Lake.
Page | 20 Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry Report CCB 2007-05
Benthic Habitat mapping, Primary Productivity Measurements and Macrofauna Surveys in the Camden
Haven and Hastings River Estuaries
1.2.2.2 Benthic Habitats
In contrast to the Hastings River Estuary, benthic habitats within the Camden Haven
are dominated by subtidal mud shoals rather than river channel. Table 2 displays
habitat types, area and contribution to total area within the Camden Haven.
Table 2 Habitat areas defined in the Camden Haven estuary.
Habitat Description Area (km2) % of Total
Area
Subtidal Mud
Shoals
Depositional areas were
accumulation of fine silts and clay
occur
9.591
31.91
Zostera Halophila
Mixed seagrass beds of Z.
capricorni and H. australis with Z.
capricorni dominant
2.996
9.97
Subtidal Sand
Shoals
Sand shoals deeper than the
MLWS level. Sand ranges from
clean quartz in the lower estuary to
fluvial sands and gravel in the
upper estuary
2.89
9.62
Zostera Monoculture beds of Z. capricorni 2.619 8.71
Halophila Monoculture beds of H. australis 1.986 6.61
Intertidal Sand
Shoals
Sand shoals exposed at MLWS.
Extensively colonized by benthic
macrofauna such as Trypaea
australiensis (marine yabbie)
1.966
6.54
Halophila Zostera
Mixed seagrass beds with H.
australis and Z. capricorni, with
H. australis dominant
1.944
6.47
Channel Marine
Sand
Clean quartz sands, high velocity
currents
1.56
5.19
Fluvial Sands and
Gravel
Restricted to the upper estuary,
sediments are coarse sands to fine
gravels.
1.518
5.05
Ruppia Monoculture beds of R.
megacarpa.
1.399 4.66
Intertidal Mud
Shoals
Mud shoals exposed at MLWS 0.9678
3.22
Ruppia Zostera
Mixed seagrass beds with R.
megacarpa and Z. capricorni with
R. megacarpa dominant
0.2137
0.71
Ruppia Zostera
Halophilia
Mixed seagrass beds with R.
megacarpa, Z. capricorni and H.
australis with R. megacarpa
dominant.
0.2127
0.71
Halophila Rupia Mixed seagrass beds with H.
australis and R. megacarpa, with
H. australis dominant.
0.1902
0.63
Page | 21 Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry Report CCB 2007-05
Benthic Habitat mapping, Primary Productivity Measurements and Macrofauna Surveys in the Camden
Haven and Hastings River Estuaries
The differences between the Hastings and Camden Haven estuaries are primarily
associated to the geomorphology and evolutionary stage of the estuary. Barrier
estuaries typically start out as large lakes that gradually infill over many thousands of
years until they become river dominated. The Camden Haven is currently at an
intermediate stage and therefore remnants of the original lakes still remain (Queens
and Watson‟s Taylor Lakes) as does the evidence of the evolution towards river
domination (for example habitat distribution throughout Camden Haven Inlet).
Figures 10-12 display all in-stream habitats within the Camden Haven estuary.
1.2.2.3 Comparison with Existing Data
Seagrass area in the Camden Haven estuary has been mapped by Evans and Gibbs
(1981), West et al., (1985) and more recently by Patterson, Britton and Partners
(1999) with a large variation between each of these studies. Seagrass areas ranged
from 6.34km2
in the 1985 study to 14.15km2 in the 1999 study. It should be noted
however that authors of the 1999 study stated that the observed discrepancies may be
due to a lack of ground truthing. There was no distinction between mixed and single
species beds or seagrass percentage coverage in previous studies as there has been in
this study. During the current study a total area of 11.56km2 of seagrass cover was
mapped with over 70% of the seagrass distribution occurring in Queens Lake.
Extensive ground truthing during this study enables a greater degree of certainty in
defining seagrass areas and transitional boundaries between the different seagrass
habitat types.
By defining seagrass beds in terms of both monoculture and mixed beds subtle
changes in nutrient, sediment, light and water circulation patterns within the estuary
may be determined by changes in seagrass composition. For example R. megacarpa
can tolerate a broad range of salinities so an increased coverage of this species may
indicate a change in hydrodynamics. A shift from Z. capricorni coverage to H.
australis may indicate increased turbidity due to the lower light requirement for H.
australis.
Page | 22 Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry Report CCB 2007-05
Benthic Habitat mapping, Primary Productivity Measurements and Macrofauna Surveys in the Camden
Haven and Hastings River Estuaries
Figure 10 Habitat map of Camden Inlet, Googleys Lagoon and Stingray Creek.
Page | 23 Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry Report CCB 2007-05
Benthic Habitat mapping, Primary Productivity Measurements and Macrofauna Surveys in the Camden
Haven and Hastings River Estuaries
Figure 11 Habitat map of Queens Lake
Page | 24 Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry Report CCB 2007-05
Benthic Habitat mapping, Primary Productivity Measurements and Macrofauna Surveys in the Camden
Haven and Hastings River Estuaries
Figure 12 Habitat map of Watson Taylors Lake
Page | 25 Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry Report CCB 2007-05
Benthic Habitat mapping, Primary Productivity Measurements and Macrofauna Surveys in the Camden
Haven and Hastings River Estuaries
2 Benthic and Pelagic Productivity
2.1 Sample Sites
Sample sites for benthic productivity were chosen to adequately represent the habitat
types within each estuary. Where possible sampling of the same habitat type along the
estuarine gradient was undertaken to allow for spatial variation. Pelagic productivity
was determined at three sites in each estuary, representing the upper, middle and
lower estuary. Figures 13 and 14 display the sampling locations and sites in the
Hastings River and Camden Haven estuaries respectively and Tables 3 and 4 give a
general description of each site.
Table 3 Site, location and description for each of the sampling locations in the Hastings River
estuary.
Site Location Description
H Z/Y 152° 53' 52.46124"
31° 25' 31.115028"
Z. capricorni, intertidal sand shoal. Triplicate chambers
on Z. capricorni triplicate chambers used on intertidal
sand shoal. <1 m depth
H2 152° 54' 26.06328"
31° 24' 49.012236"
Subtidal sand shoal, clean quartz sand. 3m deep.
H1 C1 152° 53' 24.03348"
31° 22' 32.150604"
Fine mud, thick benthic microalgae mat, H. australis
colonization during summer. <1m deep
H4 152° 53' 8.65068"
31° 23' 13.323984"
Subtidal shoal varying from gravely sand to mud
depending on time of year 1.5m deep
H5 152° 51' 16.87356"
31° 23' 40.65774"
Subtidal sand shoal, heavily colonized by marine
yabbies. 1.5m deep
H6 152° 50' 13.13628"
31° 22' 9.60366"
Coarse alluvial sand/gravel. 2m deep
H7 152° 50' 6.31896"
31° 20' 52.512288"
Coarse alluvial sand/gravel. 2m deep
H8 152° 49' 12.20844"
31° 24' 40.609656"
Mud, deep depositional area on edge of channel. 4m
deep
H9 152° 46' 33.9042"
31° 24' 41.64012"
Shallow, subtidal alluvial sand. 1m deep
H10 152° 45' 58.85208"
31° 27' 26.526204"
Alluvial sand <1m deep
H M1 152° 54' 14.99076"
31° 25' 1.931664"
Macrofauna site. Intertidal sand clean quartz. <1m deep
H M2 See H1 C1 Macrofauna site, located at site H1 C1
H M3 152° 48' 52.71372"
31° 24' 49.761216"
Macrofauna site. Subtidal alluvial sand. 2m deep
H M4 See H Z/Y Macrofauna site located at H Z/Y
Page | 26 Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry Report CCB 2007-05
Benthic Habitat mapping, Primary Productivity Measurements and Macrofauna Surveys in the Camden
Haven and Hastings River Estuaries
Table 4 Site, location and description for each of the sampling locations in the Camden Haven
estuary.
Site Location Description
CH8 152° 49' 23.646"
31° 38' 50.403048"
Intertidal sand shoal, clean quartz sand, some sparse H.
australis <1m deep.
CH7 152° 48' 25.77816"
31° 38' 52.300464"
Subtidal sand shoal. Clean marine sand, little to no organic
matter 2m deep.
CH Z1/Y 152° 48' 22.64868"
31° 38' 19.79286"
Z. capricorni, intertidal sand shoal. Triplicate chambers
used on Z. capricorni triplicate chambers used on intertidal
sand shoal. Heavily modified, receives runoff from caravan
park <1m deep.
CH9 152° 47' 45.3858"
31° 37' 57.151308"
High velocity channel. Compacted quartz sands. 2.5m
deep.
CH10 152° 47' 18.62016"
31° 37' 58.147212"
Depositional mud basin, thick layer of microalgae. 1m
deep.
CH 11 152° 46' 28.7058"
31° 37' 23.892348"
Depositional mud basin, thick layer of microalgae. 1m
deep.
CH Z/H 152° 45' 29.35584"
31° 37' 2.476812"
Z. capricorni and H. australis beds. Triplicate chambers on
Z. capricorni and triplicate chambers used on H. australis.
Sediment muddy, high organic content. 1m deep.
CH R/A 152° 45' 27.4842"
31° 36' 37.723068"
Ruppia megacarpa and thick filamentous microalgae beds.
Triplicate chambers on R. megacarpa and triplicate
chambers used on the algae. Sediment muddy, high organic
content. <1m deep.
CH12 152° 44' 37.74876"
31° 36' 44.247708"
Riverine channel, coarse alluvial sand, high detritus
content. 1.5m deep
CH6 152° 48' 6.40728"
31° 39' 49.0788"
Channel sediments quartz sand highly compacted. 2.5m
deep.
CH5 152° 47' 17.86128"
31° 40' 45.418656"
Subtidal sand shoal quartz sand highly compacted. 2m
deep.
CH3 152° 46' 20.46504"
31° 41' 19.131828"
Depositional mud, thick algae coverage. <1m deep.
CH2 152° 44' 6.73764"
31° 42' 19.318536"
Depositional mud. <1m deep
CH1 152° 44' 40.74108"
31° 41' 37.586292"
Depositional mud. <1m deep
CH4 152° 45' 15.63516"
31° 41' 29.307552"
Riverine sediments alluvial gravel with fine layer of mud
over the top. 1m deep.
CH M1 See CH Z/H Macrofauna site located at site CH Z/Y
CH M2 See CH11 Macrofauna site located at site CH 11
CH M3 152° 48' 16.18308"
31° 38' 47.056632"
Macrofauna site. Subtidal sand shoal, sparse H. australis
and Z. capricorni. <1m deep
CH M4 152° 49' 26.1264"
31° 38' 43.812996"
Macrofauna site. Intertidal sands highly productive area.
<1m deep.
Page | 27 Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry Report CCB 2007-05
Benthic Habitat mapping, Primary Productivity Measurements and Macrofauna Surveys in the Camden
Haven and Hastings River Estuaries
Figure 13 Sampling locations in the Hastings River estuary
Page | 28 Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry Report CCB 2007-05
Benthic Habitat mapping, Primary Productivity Measurements and Macrofauna Surveys in the Camden
Haven and Hastings River Estuaries
Figure 14 Sampling locations in the Camden Haven estuary
Page | 29 Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry Report CCB 2007-05
Benthic Habitat mapping, Primary Productivity Measurements and Macrofauna Surveys in the Camden
Haven and Hastings River Estuaries
2.2 Methods
2.2.1 Benthic Productivity
Benthic and pelagic productivity were determined on a seasonal basis with sampling
campaigns occurring in June/July 2006 (winter), September/October 2006 (spring)
January/February 2007 (summer) and April/May 2007 (autumn). Benthic productivity
in non-seagrass areas was assessed using triplicate sediment cores collected from each
site. Cores were incubated in the field laboratory at in situ mean daily light and
temperature conditions (Figure 15). Photosythetically active radiation (PAR) was
determined via a Li-Cor 2π PAR sensor at the surface and benthos at each sample site.
Daily PAR light curves were logged for each season and mean daily light was
corrected for light attenuation in the water column at each site via an array of shading
treatments as to deliver appropriate light for each triplicate.
Figure 15 Field core incubation setup.
Page | 30 Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry Report CCB 2007-05
Benthic Habitat mapping, Primary Productivity Measurements and Macrofauna Surveys in the Camden
Haven and Hastings River Estuaries
Benthic productivity in seagrass communities and marine yabbie dominated intertidal
flats areas was assessed using in situ benthic chambers (Figure 16). The use of benthic
chambers minimizes disturbance and containment affects that can occur when using
sediment cores in these habitat types.
Figure 16 Benthic chamber array used for seagrass and intertidal sand shoal incubations.
Diurnal incubations were undertaken for both core and chamber incubations, with
oxygen concentrations measured at regular intervals throughout the night and day.
Oxygen concentrations were determined using a HACH LDO probe with an accuracy
of +/- 1%. Benthic respiration was determined by the net decrease in oxygen
concentration during the night (corrected for surface area and volume of the
core/chamber). Gross productivity was determined by subtracting respiration from net
light oxygen flux (i.e. change in oxygen concentration during the day, corrected for
volume and surface area of the core/chamber). Figure 17 displays typical diurnal
oxygen changes in the water column.
Page | 31 Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry Report CCB 2007-05
Benthic Habitat mapping, Primary Productivity Measurements and Macrofauna Surveys in the Camden
Haven and Hastings River Estuaries
Figure 17 Graph displaying typical diurnal changes in oxygen concentration
Benthic productivity and respiration was then scaled to an estuary wide basis based on
the proportional contribution of the different habitat areas as defined by the habitat
mapping. This data was used to construct benthic productivity budgets for both the
Camden Haven and Hastings River estuaries, based on tonnes of carbon fixed per
habitat type each season.
2.2.2 Pelagic Productivity
Pelagic productivity was determined by using the classical light dark bottle technique
modified to include filtered blanks to account for temperature dependant changes in
oxygen concentrations. Water was collected at three sites in each estuary (Queens
Lake, Watson‟s Taylor Lake and Camden Inlet in the Camden Haven estuary, Upper
Hastings, Mid Maria and Lower Hastings in the Hastings River estuary). Triplicate
BOD bottles for light, dark and blank treatments from each site were incubated in situ
from 10am to 4pm during each season. Oxygen concentrations in each bottle were
determined at the start and the end of each incubation using a HACH LDO probe.
Pelagic respiration was determined by the decrease in oxygen in the dark bottles, net
pelagic productivity by the change in the light oxygen bottle, and gross pelagic
productivity was determined by subtracting the respiration1 from the net productivity.
All values were converted to g.C m-3
d-1
using stoichiometric conversions.
1 Note respiration is expressed as a negative value
Page | 32 Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry Report CCB 2007-05
Benthic Habitat mapping, Primary Productivity Measurements and Macrofauna Surveys in the Camden
Haven and Hastings River Estuaries
2.3 Results
2.3.1 Benthic Productivity
Benthic gross productivity was up to an order of magnitude higher in seagrass areas
compared to non-seagrass sediments so for ease of interpretation separate graphs are
presented for Camden Haven non-seagrass sites, Hastings non-seagrass sites and
Hastings and Camden Haven seagrass sites. Figure 18 shows respiration and gross
productivity for non-seagrass Camden Haven sites. Generally the highest productivity
occurs during summer for most sites while benthic respiration does not display a
distinct seasonal variation.
Figure 18 Oxygen fluxes for core incubations in the Camden Haven estuary in: A winter, B
spring, C Summer and D Autumn. Error bars ± SD (n=3)
Seasonal productivity data for non-seagrass areas in the Hastings River estuary are
shown in Figure 19. Highest productivity was observed during summer, with similar
productivity occurring throughout the other seasons. Respiration was relatively
consistent throughout the study period. Sites H10 and H9 (Upper Hastings) showed
consistently high productivity throughout the study period, and sites H7 and H6
(Upper and mid Maria) generally exhibited low productivity.
Page | 33 Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry Report CCB 2007-05
Benthic Habitat mapping, Primary Productivity Measurements and Macrofauna Surveys in the Camden
Haven and Hastings River Estuaries
Figure 19 Oxygen fluxes for core incubations in the Hastings River estuary in: A winter, B
spring, C Summer and D Autumn. Error bars ± SD (n=3)
Seagrass communities display highest productivity throughout spring and summer
(Figure 20) and maximal respiration rates in summer. Productivity and respiration
rates are approximately 10 fold higher in the seagrass communities in the Hastings
and Camden Haven estuaries as compared to non-seagrass habitats.
Page | 34 Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry Report CCB 2007-05
Benthic Habitat mapping, Primary Productivity Measurements and Macrofauna Surveys in the Camden
Haven and Hastings River Estuaries
Figure 20 Oxygen fluxes for chamber incubations in the Camden Haven and Hastings River
estuaries in: A winter, B spring, C Summer and D Autumn. Error bars ± SD (n=3).
2.3.1.1 Benthic Productivity Budget
By scaling gross productivity to an estuary wide basis benthic productivity budgets
have been constructed. Table 5 shows the benthic productivity budget for the Hastings
River and Camden Haven estuaries based on seasonal habitat specific gross
productivity. The Hastings River estuary seagrass communities contribute
approximately 50% of the total carbon fixation in the estuary whilst only occupying
~8% of the estuary area. In the Camden Haven estuary seagrass areas contribute
~67% of total carbon production yet only occupy approximately 30% of total area.
Intertidal sand shoals in the Hastings estuary are also highly productive as are subtidal
mud shoals in the Camden Haven.
Table 5 Benthic productivity budget for the Hastings and Camden Haven estuaries
Estuary
Habitat
Tonnes of Carbon Fixed
Winter Spring Summer Autumn Total
% of Total
Area
% of Total Yearly
Carbon Fixation
Hastings
Zostera 122 627 707 376 1831 6.29 48.08
Intertidal Sand Shoals 183 164 161 81 588 5.63 15.45
Fluvial Sands and Gravel 120 60 134 120 434 20.33 11.40
Subtidal Sand Shoals 40 156 134 97 427 21.91 11.22
Marine Sand Channel 66 54 18 15 154 29.36 4.04
Mangrove Creek 20 46 49 20 134 3.09 3.53
Subtidal Mud Shoals 30 37 38 14 119 10.38 3.11
Halophila 11 10 35 26 82 2.05 2.15
Intertidal Mud Shoals 5 5 16 12 38 0.96 1.01
Camden Haven
Zostera Halophila 245 781 661 596 2283 9.97 21.11
Zostera 214 683 577 521 1996 8.71 18.45
Subtidal Mud Shoals 148 377 697 465 1687 31.91 15.59
Ruppia 169 492 318 249 1228 4.66 11.36
Halophila 48 238 274 81 641 6.61 5.93
Halophila Zostera 47 233 268 79 627 6.47 5.80
Intertidal Mud Shoals 63 204 274 71 612 3.22 5.66
Intertidal Sand Shoals 31 110 185 245 571 6.54 5.28
Subtidal Sand Shoals 25 144 159 50 378 9.62 3.49
Ruppia Zostera 26 75 49 38 188 0.71 1.73
Fluvial Sands and Gravel 20 37 76 54 187 5.05 1.73
Ruppia Zostera Halophilia 26 75 48 38 187 0.71 1.73
Channel Marine Sand 11 42 68 48 169 5.19 1.56
Page | 36 Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry Report CCB 2007-05
Benthic Habitat mapping, Primary Productivity Measurements and Macrofauna Surveys in the Camden
Haven and Hastings River Estuaries
2.3.2 Pelagic Productivity
With the exception of the Upper Hastings River, all sites displayed maximal gross
pelagic productivity during summer (Figure 21). The Upper Hastings site had a
slightly higher mean gross pelagic production during spring, suggesting a spring
phytoplankton bloom in the upper reaches.
Site
Queens Lake Watsons Taylor Camden Inlet Upper Hastings Maria Lower Hastings
mgC
m-3
d-1
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Figure 21 Gross pelagic productivity in the Camden Haven and Hastings River estuaries. Error
bars ± SD (n=3)
A proportion of the pelagic productivity in Watsons Taylor and Queens Lake is likely
to be associated with resuspension of benthic microalgae due to the shallow nature of
these areas and the observed sediment resuspension during sampling periods. Pelagic
productivity in the Hastings River estuary during winter is negligible indicating that
catchment inputs and benthic productivity are sustaining the carbon supply to higher
trophic levels (including fisheries) during winter.
Page | 37 Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry Report CCB 2007-05
Benthic Habitat mapping, Primary Productivity Measurements and Macrofauna Surveys in the Camden
Haven and Hastings River Estuaries
The high pelagic productivity
observed during summer may be
associated with a period of “red
weed” deposition in the estuary.
Figure 22 is an underwater
photograph of the Polysiphonia sp.
in the lower Hastings River Estuary
during the summer sampling
campaign.
Table 6 displays the pelagic
productivity in the Hastings River
and Camden Haven Estuaries. Note
the extremely high pelagic
productivity in the lower Hastings
River during summer. It is 4 times
higher than the productivity at this
site during any other season.
Table 6 Pelagic productivity
Estuary
Habitat
Tonnes of Carbon Fixed
Winter Spring Summer Autumn Total
% of Total Yearly
Carbon Fixation
Hastings
Upper Hastings 13 253 542 313 1474 28.76
Maria River 12 135 408 338 894 17.44
Lower Hastings -305 553 2028 481 2757 53.80
Camden Haven
Queens Lake 137 253 976 261 1627 43.09
Watson Taylors Lake 7 209 689 136 1041 27.56
Camden Haven Inlet 177 160 584 188 1108 29.35
Pelagic productivity is higher than benthic productivity in the Hastings River Estuary
(5124tC pelagic, 3807tC benthic) however results are skewed by the summer results
in the lower estuary with 40% of total annual pelagic carbon fixation occurring at this
site during this sea. The Camden Haven Estuary has a 3:1 ratio of benthic to pelagic
productivity, with 10815tC fixed in the benthos and 3776tC fixed in the water
column.
Figure 22 Underwater photograph of red weed bloom
during summer field trip
Page | 38 Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry Report CCB 2007-05
Benthic Habitat mapping, Primary Productivity Measurements and Macrofauna Surveys in the Camden
Haven and Hastings River Estuaries
3 Macrofauna
3.1 Methods
Macrofauna samples were collected from 4 sites in each estuary during each season.
Site locations and description are provided in Tables 3 and 4 and Figures 13 and 14.
Five replicate sediment cores (95mm id, 300mm height) were collected at each site
and sieved through a 500μm sieve. Samples were preserved in a 10% buffered
formalin solution until identification. Organisms collected were identified to the
lowest taxonomic level possible (generally species level).
Multivariate statistical analysis on the data was undertaken using Primer v6 software
(Primer-E). Abundances of species rather than biomass were used in the statistical
analysis to minimize artifacts associated with the inclusion the biomass of mollusc
shells and worm tubes. A Log (X+1) transformation of abundance data was used due
to the low numbers of individuals for most species (Clarke, 1993). Resemblance
matrices were constructed based on pair-wise Bray-Curtis similarities between
samples. Data is presented as MDS plots which show similarities between samples
plotted two-dimensionally.
LINKTREE is a function in Primer v6 that can be used to differentiate sites based on
environmental conditions. LINKTREE plots were constructed for each season using
gross productivity, respiration, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll c and
pheophytin concentrations as variables.
3.2 Data
Tables presenting species abundance for each season are presented in Appendix 1.
Species diversity at each site throughout the four seasons is displayed in Table 7.
Margalef's species richness for each sample is a measure of the number of species
present, making some allowance for the number of individuals. Pielou's evenness is a
measure of equitability, a measure of how evenly the individuals are distributed
among the different species. Shannon and Simpson diversity indices are an indication
of how diverse the macrofauna population is at each site factoring the number of
species present, and the number of individuals of each species. The higher the number
the more diverse the macrofauna population.
Seagrass sites (H M4, H M2, CH M3 and CH M4) displayed high species abundance
and diversity throughout all seasons, and abundance at the intertidal site H M1 was
high also, with bivalves of genus Mysella dominating at this site. This suggests that
seagrass and intertidal sand shoals are important in terms of benthic macrofauna
habitat.
An ANOVA was performed on abundance and species present throughout the seasons
with no significant difference between seasons found (p = 0.91 and 0.54 for
abundance and species numbers respectively). Further investigation into the
compositional changes of benthic macrofauna communities over time are needed to
determine the effects of acute (eg flooding, acid runoff events etc) and chronic (eg
increased sedimentation) impacts within the Camden Haven and Hastings River
estuaries.
Page | 39 Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry Report CCB 2007-05
Benthic Habitat mapping, Primary Productivity Measurements and Macrofauna Surveys in the Camden
Haven and Hastings River Estuaries
Table 7 Species diversity indices for macrofauna sites. S is the number of species present, N the
number of individuals d is species richness (Margalef): (d = (S-1)/Log(N)) J’ is Pielous evenness,
H’ Shannon diversity index, 1-λ is the Simpson diversity index.
Season
Site
S
(Species)
N
(Number)
d
(Margalef)
J‟
(Pielou‟s)
H‟ (log e)
(Shannon)
1-λ
(Simpson)
Winter
H M1 8 80 1.597 0.7154 1.488 0.7078
H M2 15 35 3.938 0.8718 2.361 0.8604
H M3 10 21 2.956 0.9527 2.194 0.8798
H M4 32 124 6.431 0.8252 2.86 0.9095
CH M1 8 10 3.04 0.9488 1.973 0.84
CH M2 8 10 3.04 0.9488 1.973 0.84
CH M3 7 22 1.941 0.922 1.794 0.8099
CH M4 24 65 5.51 0.8842 2.81 0.9193
Spring
H M1 10 86 2.02 0.636 1.464 0.6495
H M2 10 41 2.424 0.7902 1.82 0.7876
H M3 6 11 2.085 0.9335 1.673 0.7934
H M4 19 58 4.433 0.8078 2.379 0.8549
CH M1 9 20 2.67 0.8271 1.817 0.775
CH M2 3 14 0.7578 0.7974 0.876 0.5408
CH M3 9 25 2.485 0.9283 2.04 0.8544
CH M4 15 62 3.392 0.8754 2.371 0.8855
Summer
H M1 11 66 2.387 0.6422 1.54 0.6869
H M2 12 22 3.559 0.9254 2.3 0.8802
H M3 5 7 2.056 0.963 1.55 0.7755
H M4 19 77 4.144 0.7795 2.295 0.8457
CH M1 11 23 3.189 0.7791 1.868 0.741
CH M2 3 14 0.7578 0.9032 0.9923 0.602
CH M3 19 54 4.512 0.7995 2.354 0.8491
CH M4 23 146 4.414 0.6912 2.167 0.801
Autumn
H M1 4 85 0.6753 0.5411 0.7501 0.4008
H M2 8 19 2.377 0.8983 1.868 0.8144
H M3 8 10 3.04 0.974 2.025 0.86
H M4 17 66 3.819 0.8162 2.313 0.8636
CH M1 8 19 2.377 0.8607 1.79 0.7867
CH M2 2 8 0.4809 0.5436 0.3768 0.2188
CH M3 15 36 3.907 0.8903 2.411 0.8812
CH M4 16 78 0.1742 0.8258 0.1635 0.8365
Page | 40 Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry Report CCB 2007-05
Benthic Habitat mapping, Primary Productivity Measurements and Macrofauna Surveys in the Camden
Haven and Hastings River Estuaries
Figures 23-26 are seasonal MDS plots based on combined abundances for replicate
cores at each site. Sites H M4, CH M3 and CH M4 display greater than 20%
similarity throughout most seasons. These three sites display similar environmental
characteristics including: sandy sediment, in or near seagrass beds, depth <1m and
close to the estuary mouth. Other sites have distinct macrofaunal populations
throughout all seasons.
Figure 23 Winter MDS
Figure 24 Spring MDS
Transform: Log(X+1)
Resemblance: S17 Bray Curtis similarity
SiteH M3
H M2
H M1
H M4
CH M1
CH M2
CH M3
CH M4
Similarity25
2D Stress: 0.05
Transform: Log(X+1)
Resemblance: S17 Bray Curtis similarity
SiteH M3
H M2
H M1
H M4
CH M1
CH M2
CH M3
CH M4
Similarity25
2D Stress: 0.01
Page | 41 Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry Report CCB 2007-05
Benthic Habitat mapping, Primary Productivity Measurements and Macrofauna Surveys in the Camden
Haven and Hastings River Estuaries
Figure 25 Summer MDS
Figure 26 Autumn MDS
Transform: Log(X+1)
Resemblance: S17 Bray Curtis similarity
SiteH M3
H M2
H M1
H M4
CH M1
CH M2
CH M3
CH M4
Similarity25
2D Stress: 0.05
Transform: Log(X+1)
Resemblance: S17 Bray Curtis similarity
SiteH M3
H M2
H M1
H M4
CH M1
CH M2
CH M3
CH M4
Similarity25
2D Stress: 0.03
Page | 42 Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry Report CCB 2007-05
Benthic Habitat mapping, Primary Productivity Measurements and Macrofauna Surveys in the Camden
Haven and Hastings River Estuaries
Figures 27-30 are LINKTREE plots for winter, spring summer and autumn
respectively.
Figure 27 LINKTREE diagram for macrofauna sites during winter.
Figure 28 LINKTREE diagram for macrofauna sites during spring
Page | 43 Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry Report CCB 2007-05
Benthic Habitat mapping, Primary Productivity Measurements and Macrofauna Surveys in the Camden
Haven and Hastings River Estuaries
Figure 29 LINKTREE diagram for macrofauna sites during summer
Figure 30 LINKTREE diagram for macrofauna sites during autumn.
Page | 44 Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry Report CCB 2007-05
Benthic Habitat mapping, Primary Productivity Measurements and Macrofauna Surveys in the Camden
Haven and Hastings River Estuaries
The LINKTREE diagrams show the environmental factors that best explain the
differences in macrofauna communities between each site. During winter (Figure 26)
and autumn (Figure 29) it is combination of benthic productivity and sediment phyto-
pigment concentrations that best explain community differences. During spring and
summer (Figures 27 and 28 respectively) it is the rate of productivity that best
explains community structure. This suggests that during the cooler months it may be
food supply (algal abundance) that drives inter-site community dynamics, whilst
during the warmer months there is a link between benthic productivity and
macrofauna community composition.
4 Estuarine Health Both the Hastings River and Camden Haven Estuaries appear to be extremely healthy
in terms of benthic habitats, productivity and macrofaunal abundance and diversity.
From the results obtained during this study the Camden Haven Estuary has some of
the most extensive seagrass communities in NSW on an areal basis indicating that in
general the health of the estuarine ecosystem is excellent. The Hastings River has
considerable less seagrass coverage due to the geomorphology of the estuary;
however seagrass is present in the lower estuary where conditions allow.
Productivity in the Camden Haven Estuary is dominated by benthic primary
production with seagrass communities contributing significantly. Other important
benthic habitats are the subtidal mud shoals within Queens and Watson Taylors
Lakes. Within the Hastings River Estuary seagrass habitats are limited to the lower
estuary, and contribute to ~50% of annual benthic productivity. Due to the high
volume to surface are ratio of the Hastings River Estuary annual pelagic productivity
is ~2 times higher than benthic productivity, however some skewing of the results
may have been caused by the occurrence of a „red-weed‟ bloom during summer.
Figure 31 shows a conceptual model of benthic and pelagic processes within the
Hastings River Estuary. Figure 32 shows a conceptual model of processes within the
Camden Haven Estuary.
A key difference between the two estuarine systems is the geomorphology, this has a
direct impact upon the key habitat areas. Within the Camden Haven Estuary large
shallow lakes dominate instream habitat allowing for extensive seagrass beds to
thrive. These areas are very susceptible to changes in estuarine conditions. For
example an increase in sediment transport from the upper catchment could decrease
seagrass coverage significantly, changing the trophic structure of the estuary as a
whole, which would have implications for both commercial and recreational fisheries.
In the Hastings River Estuary seagrasses are limited to shallow areas in the lower
estuary and are more likely to be damaged by physical processes such as erosion.
Pelagic productivity is proportionally more important in the Hastings River Estuary,
consequently factors such as nutrient imports are key issues to maintain the current
balance between benthic and pelagic production.
Figure 31 Conceptual model of carbon flow in the Hastings River Estuary
Figure 32 Conceptual model of carbon flow in the Camden Haven Estuary
Page | 47 Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry Report CCB 2007-05
Benthic Habitat mapping, Primary Productivity Measurements and Macrofauna Surveys in the Camden
Haven and Hastings River Estuaries
5 Recommendations This study has provided baseline data for benthic habitat mapping, pelagic and benthic
productivity and benthic macrofauna surveys in the Camden Haven and Hastings
River Estuaries. By repeating this same suite of sampling at regular intervals (every 3-
4 years) any shift in estuarine health can be detected. Within the Camden Haven
Estuary the key area for estuarine productivity is Queens Lake which contains a
majority of the seagrass in the system. In the Hastings River Estuary areas in the
Settlement Point backchannel and Big Bay are key areas for benthic productivity as
most of the seagrass within the estuary is located in these areas. Regular monitoring of
pelagic productivity, should be undertaken within both estuaries to ensure the balance
between pelagic and benthic productivity is maintained. Analysing seagrass
composition and coverage over set transects as a part of a routine monitoring program
is recommended on a yearly basis. All future benthic habitat mapping should be
undertaken in summer to allow comparison with the data obtained in this study.
Further investigation into the effects of „red weed‟ deposition into the Hastings River
and Camden Haven Estuaries is needed to ascertain whether or not these blooms have
an impact upon benthic and pelagic processes. Analysis of planktonic species prior to,
during and after these bloom events will give an indication of the effects upon trophic
structure.
Page | 48 Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry Report CCB 2007-05
Benthic Habitat mapping, Primary Productivity Measurements and Macrofauna Surveys in the Camden
Haven and Hastings River Estuaries
6 References Clarke, K. R. (1993) Non-parametric multivariate analysis of changes in community
structure. Australian Journal of Ecology 18:117-143
Evans, P. Gibbs, P. J. (1981) Distribution of seagrasses in five NSW coastal lagoons.
NSW State Fisheries.
Paterson, Britton and Partners (1999) Camden Haven Estuary Processes Study.
Roy P.S, Williams R.J, Jones A.R, Yassini I, Gibbs P.J, Coats B, West R.J, Scanes
P.R, Hudson J.P and Nichol S (2001) Structure and function of south-east Australian
estuaries. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 53:351-384
Webb, McKeown and Associates (1998) Hastings River Estuary Process Study.
West, R., Thorogood, C., Walford, T. and Williams, R. (1985) Fisheries Bulletin 2:
An Estuarine Inventory for New South Wales, Australia.
7 Appendix 1 Macrofauna abundance for Camden Haven and Hastings River Estuaries
Table 8 Macrofauna abundance for Camden Haven and Hastings during winter.
Phylum Class:Order
Suborder
Family Genus Species Feeding Group H
M1
H
M2
H
M3
H
M4
C
M1
CH
M2
CH
M3
CH
M4
Annelida Polychaeta Capitellidae Barantolla lepte non-selective ?
direct deposit 0 0 0 15 0 0 0 1
Annelida Polychaeta Capitellidae Leiochrides? sp non-selective ?
direct deposit 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Capitellidae Mediomastus californiensis non-selective ?
direct deposit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Capitellidae Notomastus chrysosetus non-selective ?
direct deposit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Capitellidae Notomastus torquatus non-selective ?
direct deposit 0 3 3 0 1 0 2 0
Annelida Polychaeta Capitellidae Notomastus spp (H&M1984) non-selective ?
direct deposit 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Capitellidae Scyphoproctus djiboutiensis non-selective ?
direct deposit 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 4
Annelida Polychaeta Cirratulidae Caulleriella cf. tricapillata surface deposit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
Annelida Polychaeta Cirratulidae Cirriformia cf. filigera surface deposit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9
Annelida Polychaeta Cirratulidae Tharyx cf multifilis (H&M
'84) surface deposit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Eunicidae Marphysa sp. carnivore/omnivore 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Lumbrineridae Lumbrineris latreilli herbivore/carnivore
/deposit 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 0
Annelida Polychaeta Magelonidae Magelona dakini surface deposit 3 1 0 1 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Maldanidae Maldane sarsi? 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Nephtyidae Nephtys australiensis predator/carnivore 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Nephtyidae Nephtys longipes predator/carnivore 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Nereididae Australonereis ehlersi scavenger/selective
deposit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Nereididae Ceratonereis mirabilis scavenger/selective 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Table 8 continued.
Phylum Class:Order:
Suborder
Family Genus Species Feeding Group H
M1
H
M2
H
M3
H
M4
C
M1
CH
M2
CH
M3
CH
M4
Annelida Polychaeta Nereididae Simplisetia aequisetis scavenger/selective
deposit
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
Annelida Polychaeta Nereididae Neanthes vaalii scavenger/selective
deposit? 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Nereididae Perinereis nun tia? scavenger/selective
deposit? 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Opheliidae Armandia intermedia non-selective ?
deposit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Orbiniidae Leitoscoloplos bifurcatus deposit 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Orbiniidae Scoloplos normalis deposit 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Orbiniidae Scoloplos simplex deposit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Oweniidae Owenia fusiformis selective deposit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
Annelida Polychaeta Oweniidae Owenia tubes of
fusiformis
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
Annelida Polychaeta Paraonidae Aricidea fauveli direct deposit 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocidae Phyllodoce sp. 1 carnivore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocidae sp 1 carnivore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Annelida Polychaeta Pilargidae Sigambra parva carnivore/omnivore
/ predator?/
scavenger? 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Sabellidae Laonome elegans suspension 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Sabellidae Laonome triangularis suspension 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Sabellidae Laonome
juvenile?
suspension
0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0
Annelida Polychaeta Sabellidae Laonome sp. suspension 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Sabellidae Laonome tubes of L.
sp.
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Sigalionidae Sigalion bandaeensis carnivore/predator 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Spionidae Carazziella victoriensis deposit/suspension 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Spionidae Carazziella sp. deposit/suspension 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Table 8 continued.
Phylum Class:Order:
Suborder
Family Genus species feeding group H
M1
H
M2
H
M3
H
M4
C
M1
CH
M2
CH
M3
CH
M4
Annelida Polychaeta Spionidae Dipolydora flava/tuberc
ulata
deposit/suspension
0 0 0 26 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Spionidae Dipolydora socialis deposit/suspension 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Spionidae Dipolydora sp deposit/suspension 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Spionidae Dipolydora tubes of sp 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Spionidae Polydora
(fragments)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Spionidae Prionospio aucklandica deposit/suspension 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Spionidae Prionospio queenslandi
ca
deposit/suspension
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Spionidae Prionospio yuriel deposit/suspension 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Spionidae Prionospio wambiri deposit/suspension 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Spionidae Pseudopolydora cf.
glandulosa
deposit/suspension
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Spionidae Pseudopolydora paucibranchi
ata
deposit/suspension
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Annelida Polychaeta Syllidae Ehlersia? sp predator/carnivore? 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Syllidae:
Syllinae
Typosyllis cf. variegata
(H&M1984)
predator/carnivore
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Syllidae:
Exogoninae
Exogone cf
heterosetosa
selective deposit
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Syllidae:
Exogoninae
sp 1 selective deposit
0 0 0 2 0 0 0 1
Annelida Polychaeta Syllidae:
Exogoninae
sp 2 selective deposit
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Annelida Polychaeta Syllidae:
Exogoninae
sp 3 selective deposit
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
Annelida Polychaeta Terebellidae Lysilla pacifica selective surface
deposit 0 0 0 15 0 0 0 4
Annelida Polychaeta Terebellidae Lysilla sp selective surface
deposit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Table 8 continued.
Phylum Class:Order:
Suborder
Family Genus species feeding group H
M1
H
M2
H
M3
H
M4
C
M1
CH
M2
CH
M3
CH
M4
Annelida Oligochaeta unidentified 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Amphipoda
Corophiidae
0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Amphipoda
Haustoriidae Urohaustori
us
sp1 suspension/filter
5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Amphipoda
Melitidae sp 1 ?
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Amphipoda
Oedicerotidae sp 1 deposit
0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Amphipoda
Oedicerotidae sp 2 deposit
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Amphipoda
Phoxocephalidae sp 1 deposit/predator
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Amphipoda
unidentified sp 1
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Amphipoda
unidentified sp 2
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:Am
phipoda
unidentified sp 2A
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Amphipoda
(Eusiridae?) sp. 3
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Amphipoda
fragments
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Decapoda
Alpheidae Synalpheus? sp deposit
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea
:Decapoda
Palaemonidae Periclimenes sp. anenome
symbiont? 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Decapoda
Penaeidae Penaeus plebejus
(juv.)
omnivore/
scavenger 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Decapoda
Callianiassidae Trypaea sp. subsurface deposit
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Table 8 continued.
Phylum Class:Order:
Suborder
Family Genus species feeding group H
M1
H
M2
H
M3
H
M4
C
M1
CH
M2
CH
M3
CH
M4
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Decapoda
Diogenidae sp
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Decapoda:
Brachyura
Myctiridae Mictyrus longicarpus omnivore/
scavenger
11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Decapoda:
Brachyura
Myctiridae Mictyrus platycheles omnivore/
scavenger
22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Decapoda:
Brachyura
Grapsidae Paragrapsus sp herbivore
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Decapoda:
Brachyura
Grapsidae Paragrapsus sp. 2 herbivore
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Decapoda:
Brachyura
Grapsidae sp 1 ?
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Decapoda:
Brachyura
Hymenosomatidae Halicarcinus australis
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Isopoda
Anthuridae sp scavenger/
omnivore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Tanaidacea
Leptochelidae sp 1 filter/predator
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 9
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Tanaidacea
Leptochelidae tube filter/predator
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Echinodermata Ophiuroidea
(fragments)
unidentified sp 1 filter/deposit/
browse/scavenger 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Echinodermata Ophiuroidea unidentified sp 2 filter/deposit/
browse/scavenger 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ectoproctophora Smittinidae Parasmittina sp (colony) filter 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Foraminiferida Rotaliidae Ammonia beccari selective deposit 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
Table 8 continued.
Phylum Class:Order:
Suborder
Family Genus species feeding group H
M1
H
M2
H
M3
H
M4
C
M1
CH
M2
CH
M3
CH
M4
Mollusca Bivalvia Arcidae Anadara trapezia suspension 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Bivalvia Galeommatidae Mysella anomala suspension 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Bivalvia Galeommatidae Mysella vitrea suspension 35 0 1 6 0 0 0 2
Mollusca Bivalvia Hiatellidae Hiatella australis suspension 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Bivalvia Laternulidae Laternula creccina suspension 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Bivalvia Laternulidae Laternula rostrata suspension 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Bivalvia Mactridae Spisula trigonella suspension 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0
Mollusca Bivalvia Mytilidae Musculus cf. nanus suspension 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
Mollusca Bivalvia Mytilidae Pinctada? sp suspension 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Bivalvia Psammobiidae Soletellina alba prob. deposit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Bivalvia Semelidae Theora fragilis prob. deposit 0 0 2 0 3 4 0 0
Mollusca Bivalvia Tellinidae Tellina deltoidalis deposit 0 0 11 6 0 0 3 2
Mollusca Bivalvia Tellinidae Tellina
(Pistris)
gemonia suspension/deposit
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Bivalvia Veneridae Dosinia sculpta suspension 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Bivalvia Veneridae Dosinia sp 1 suspension 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0
Mollusca Bivalvia Veneridae Paphia sp suspension 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Gastropoda Batilariidae Batillaria australis microalgal detritus 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
Mollusca Gastropoda Cerithiopsidae Joculator gracilis feeds on sponge 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Gastropoda Haminoidae Haminoea sp 1 herbivore 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Gastropoda Nassariidae Nassarius jonasii scavenger on
carrion 0 0 0 3 0 0 2 0
Mollusca Gastropoda Nassariidae Nassarius burchardi scavenger on
carrion 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Gastropoda Naticidae Glossaulax didyma carnivore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Gastropoda Philinidae Philine angasi carnivore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Gastropoda Turbinidae Astraea stellare herbivore/algal
grazer 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Gastropoda Turbinidae Turbo sp herbivore/algal
grazer 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Table 8 continued.
Phylum Class:Order:
Suborder
Family Genus species feeding group H
M1
H
M2
H
M3
H
M4
C
M1
CH
M2
CH
M3
CH
M4
Mollusca Gastropoda Vitrinellidae Pseudoliotia speciosa detritivore on
microalgae/bacteria 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Nudibranchia sp. 1 grazing predator 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nematoda unidentified spp probably deposit 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0
Nemertea unidentified spp carnivore
(annelids,
crustacea) 0 3 1 0 0 0 1 0
Nemertea unidentified "brown-
striped"
carnivore
(annelids,
crustacea) 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nemertea unidentified fragments carnivore
(annelids,
crustacea) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nemertea unidentified "big green" carnivore
(annelids,
crustacea) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Phoronida unidentified filter 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Phoronida? unidentified sp filter 0 0 0 5 0 0 7 1
Platyhelminthe Turbellaria unidentified filter 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Porifera unidentified sp 1 filter 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Porifera unidentified sp 2 filter 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Porifera unidentified sp 3 filter 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Priapulida? unidentified predators
(polychaetes, soft-
bodied slow
movers) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sipuncula unidentified sp detritivore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Sipuncula unidentified sp 2 detritivore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Vertebrata Actinopterygii Gobiidae Istigobius? sp 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1
Vertebrata Actinopterygii Gobiidae sp 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Table 9 Spring macrofauna abundance
Phylum Class:Order:
Suborder
Family Genus Species Feeding Group H
M1
H
M2
H
M3
H
M4
C
M1
CH
M2
CH
M3
CH
M4
Annelida Polychaeta Capitellidae Barantolla lepte non-selective ?
direct deposit 0 0 1 5 2 0 3 7
Annelida Polychaeta Capitellidae Leiochrides? sp non-selective ?
direct deposit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Capitellidae Mediomastus californiensi
s
non-selective ?
direct deposit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Capitellidae Notomastus chrysosetus non-selective ?
direct deposit 0 0 0 4 1 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Capitellidae Notomastus torquatus non-selective ?
direct deposit 0 2 3 1 0 0 0 1
Annelida Polychaeta Capitellidae Notomastus spp
(H&M1984)
non-selective ?
direct deposit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Capitellidae Scyphoproctus djiboutiensis non-selective ?
direct deposit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Cirratulidae Caulleriella cf.
tricapillata surface deposit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10
Annelida Polychaeta Cirratulidae Cirriformia cf. filigera surface deposit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8
Annelida Polychaeta Cirratulidae Tharyx cf multifilis
(H&M '84) surface deposit 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Eunicidae Marphysa sp. carnivore/omnivore 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Lumbrineridae Lumbrineris latreilli herbivore/carnivore
/deposit 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
Annelida Polychaeta Magelonidae Magelona dakini surface deposit 1 0 0 1 0 0 3 0
Annelida Polychaeta Maldanidae Maldane sarsi? 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Nephtyidae Nephtys australiensis predator/carnivore 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Nephtyidae Nephtys longipes predator/carnivore 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Nereididae Australonereis ehlersi scavenger/selective
deposit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Nereididae Ceratonereis mirabilis scavenger/selective
deposit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Table 9 continued
Phylum Class:Order:
Suborder
Family Genus Species Feeding Group H
M1
H
M2
H
M3
H
M4
C
M1
CH
M2
CH
M3
CH
M4
Annelida Polychaeta Nereididae Simplisetia aequisetis scavenger/selective
deposit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
Annelida Polychaeta Nereididae Neanthes vaalii scavenger/selective
deposit? 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Nereididae Perinereis nun tia? scavenger/selective
deposit? 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Opheliidae Armandia intermedia non-selective ?
deposit 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Orbiniidae Leitoscolopl
os
bifurcatus deposit
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Orbiniidae Scoloplos normalis deposit 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 5
Annelida Polychaeta Orbiniidae Scoloplos simplex deposit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Oweniidae Owenia fusiformis selective deposit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Oweniidae Owenia tubes of
fusiformis
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Paraonidae Aricidea fauveli direct deposit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocidae Phyllodoce sp. 1 carnivore 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocidae sp 1 carnivore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Pilargidae Sigambra parva carnivore/omnivore
/ predator?/
scavenger? 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Sabellidae Laonome elegans suspension 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Sabellidae Laonome triangularis suspension 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Sabellidae Laonome
juvenile?
suspension
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Sabellidae Laonome sp. suspension 1 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Sabellidae Laonome tubes of L.
sp.
0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Sigalionidae Sigalion bandaeensis carnivore/predator 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Spionidae Carazziella victoriensis deposit/suspension 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Spionidae Carazziella sp. deposit/suspension 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Table 9 continued
Phylum Class:Order:
Suborder
Family Genus species feeding group H
M1
H
M2
H
M3
H
M4
C
M1
CH
M2
CH
M3
CH
M4
Annelida Polychaeta Spionidae Dipolydora flava/tuberc
ulata
deposit/suspension
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Spionidae Dipolydora socialis deposit/suspension 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Spionidae Dipolydora sp deposit/suspension 0 0 0 18 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Spionidae Dipolydora tubes of sp 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Spionidae Polydora
(fragments)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Spionidae Prionospio aucklandica deposit/suspension 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Spionidae Prionospio queenslandi
ca
deposit/suspension
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
Annelida Polychaeta Spionidae Prionospio yuriel deposit/suspension 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Spionidae Prionospio wambiri deposit/suspension 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Spionidae Pseudopolyd
ora
cf.
glandulosa
deposit/suspension
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Spionidae Pseudopolyd
ora
paucibranchi
ata
deposit/suspension
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Syllidae Ehlersia? sp predator/carnivore? 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Syllidae:
Syllinae
Typosyllis cf. variegata
(H&M1984)
predator/carnivore
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Syllidae:
Exogoninae
Exogone cf
heterosetosa
selective deposit
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Syllidae:
Exogoninae
sp 1 selective deposit
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Syllidae:
Exogoninae
sp 2 selective deposit
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Syllidae:
Exogoninae
sp 3 selective deposit
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Terebellidae Lysilla pacifica selective surface
deposit 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 2
Annelida Polychaeta Terebellidae Lysilla sp selective surface
deposit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Table 9 continued
Phylum Class:Order:
Suborder
Family Genus species feeding group H
M1
H
M2
H
M3
H
M4
C
M1
CH
M2
CH
M3
CH
M4
Annelida Oligochaeta unidentified 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Amphipoda
Corophiidae
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Amphipoda
Haustoriidae Urohaustori
us
sp1 suspension/filter
7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Amphipoda
Melitidae sp 1 ?
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Amphipoda
Oedicerotidae sp 1 deposit
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Amphipoda
Oedicerotidae sp 2 deposit
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Amphipoda
Phoxocephalidae sp 1 deposit/predator
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Amphipoda
unidentified sp 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Amphipoda
unidentified sp 2
0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:Am
phipoda
unidentified sp 2A
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Amphipoda
(Eusiridae?) sp. 3
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Amphipoda
fragments
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Decapoda
Alpheidae Synalpheus? sp deposit
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea
:Decapoda
Palaemonidae Periclimenes sp. anenome
symbiont? 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Decapoda
Penaeidae Penaeus plebejus
(juv.)
omnivore/
scavenger 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Decapoda
Callianiassidae Trypaea sp. subsurface deposit
4 1 0 0 0 0 4 0
Table 9 continued
Phylum Class:Order:
Suborder
Family Genus species feeding group H
M1
H
M2
H
M3
H
M4
C
M1
CH
M2
CH
M3
CH
M4
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Decapoda
Diogenidae sp
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Decapoda:
Brachyura
Myctiridae Mictyrus longicarpus omnivore/
scavenger
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Decapoda:
Brachyura
Myctiridae Mictyrus platycheles omnivore/
scavenger
17 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Decapoda:
Brachyura
Grapsidae Paragrapsus sp herbivore
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Decapoda:
Brachyura
Grapsidae Paragrapsus sp. 2 herbivore
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Decapoda:
Brachyura
Grapsidae sp 1 ?
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Decapoda:
Brachyura
Hymenosomatidae Halicarcinus australis
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Isopoda
Anthuridae sp scavenger/
omnivore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Tanaidacea
Leptochelidae sp 1 filter/predator
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Tanaidacea
Leptochelidae tube filter/predator
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Echinodermata Ophiuroidea
(fragments)
unidentified sp 1 filter/deposit/
browse/scavenger 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Echinodermata Ophiuroidea unidentified sp 2 filter/deposit/
browse/scavenger 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ectoproctophora Smittinidae Parasmittina sp (colony) filter 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Foraminiferida Rotaliidae Ammonia beccari selective deposit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Table 9 continued
Phylum Class:Order:
Suborder
Family Genus species feeding group H
M1
H
M2
H
M3
H
M4
C
M1
CH
M2
CH
M3
CH
M4
Mollusca Bivalvia Arcidae Anadara trapezia suspension 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Bivalvia Galeommatidae Mysella anom ala suspension 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Bivalvia Galeommatidae Mysella vitrea suspension 47 0 0 2 0 0 6 5
Mollusca Bivalvia Hiatellidae Hiatella australis suspension 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Bivalvia Laternulidae Laternula creccina suspension 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Bivalvia Laternulidae Laternula rostrata suspension 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Bivalvia Mactridae Spisula trigonella suspension 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
Mollusca Bivalvia Mytilidae Musculus cf. nanus suspension 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 0
Mollusca Bivalvia Mytilidae Pinctada? sp suspension 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Bivalvia Psammobiidae Soletellina alba prob. deposit 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Bivalvia Semelidae Theora fragilis prob. deposit 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 0
Mollusca Bivalvia Tellinidae Tellina deltoidalis deposit 0 14 0 7 0 0 3 2
Mollusca Bivalvia Tellinidae Tellina
(Pistris)
gemonia suspension/deposit
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Bivalvia Veneridae Dosinia sculpta suspension 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Bivalvia Veneridae Dosinia sp 1 suspension 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Bivalvia Veneridae Paphia sp suspension 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Gastropoda Batilariidae Batillaria australis microalgal detritus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Gastropoda Cerithiopsidae Joculator gracilis feeds on sponge 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Gastropoda Haminoidae Haminoea sp 1 herbivore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Gastropoda Nassariidae Nassarius jonasii scavenger on
carrion 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0
Mollusca Gastropoda Nassariidae Nassarius burchardi scavenger on
carrion 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Gastropoda Naticidae Glossaulax didyma carnivore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Gastropoda Philinidae Philine angasi carnivore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Gastropoda Turbinidae Astraea stellare herbivore/algal
grazer 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Gastropoda Turbinidae Turbo sp herbivore/algal
grazer 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Table 9 continued
Phylum Class:Order:
Suborder
Family Genus species feeding group H
M1
H
M2
H
M3
H
M4
C
M1
CH
M2
CH
M3
CH
M4
Mollusca Gastropoda Vitrinellidae Pseudoliotia speciosa detritivore on
microalgae/bacteria 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Nudibranchia sp. 1 grazing predator 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Nematoda unidentified spp probably deposit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nemertea unidentified spp carnivore
(annelids,
crustacea) 1 0 1 2 0 0 1 0
Nemertea unidentified "brown-
striped"
carnivore
(annelids,
crustacea) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nemertea unidentified fragments carnivore
(annelids,
crustacea) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nemertea unidentified "big green" carnivore
(annelids,
crustacea) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Phoronida unidentified filter 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Phoronida? unidentified sp filter 0 0 3 0 0 0 3 4
Platyhelminthe Turbellaria unidentified filter 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Porifera unidentified sp 1 filter 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Porifera unidentified sp 2 filter 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Porifera unidentified sp 3 filter 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Priapulida? unidentified predators
(polychaetes, soft-
bodied slow
movers) 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
Sipuncula unidentified sp detritivore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sipuncula unidentified sp 2 detritivore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Vertebrata Actinopterygii Gobiidae Istigobius? sp 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Vertebrata Actinopterygii Gobiidae sp 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Table 10 Summer macrofauna abundance
Phylum Class:Order:
Suborder
Family Genus Species Feeding Group H
M1
H
M2
H
M3
H
M4
C
M1
CH
M2
CH
M3
CH
M4
Annelida Polychaeta Capitellidae Barantolla lepte non-selective ?
direct deposit 0 0 1 24 1 0 0 7
Annelida Polychaeta Capitellidae Leiochrides? sp non-selective ?
direct deposit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Capitellidae Mediomastus californiensi
s
non-selective ?
direct deposit 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Capitellidae Notomastus chrysosetus non-selective ?
direct deposit 0 1 1 3 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Capitellidae Notomastus torquatus non-selective ?
direct deposit 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
Annelida Polychaeta Capitellidae Notomastus spp
(H&M1984)
non-selective ?
direct deposit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Capitellidae Scyphoproctus djiboutiensis non-selective ?
direct deposit 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Cirratulidae Caulleriella cf.
tricapillata surface deposit 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Cirratulidae Cirriformia cf. filigera surface deposit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 33
Annelida Polychaeta Cirratulidae Tharyx cf multifilis
(H&M '84) surface deposit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Eunicidae Marphysa sp. carnivore/omnivore 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Lumbrineridae Lumbrineris latreilli herbivore/carnivore
/deposit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Magelonidae Magelona dakini surface deposit 4 0 0 0 0 2 1 0
Annelida Polychaeta Maldanidae Maldane sarsi? 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Nephtyidae Nephtys australiensis predator/carnivore 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Nephtyidae Nephtys longipes predator/carnivore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Nereididae Australonereis ehlersi scavenger/selective
deposit 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Nereididae Ceratonereis mirabilis scavenger/selective
deposit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Table 10 continued.
Phylum Class:Order:
Suborder
Family Genus Species Feeding Group H
M1
H
M2
H
M3
H
M4
C
M1
CH
M2
CH
M3
CH
M4
Annelida Polychaeta Nereididae Simplisetia aequisetis scavenger/selective
deposit 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Nereididae Neanthes vaalii scavenger/selective
deposit? 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Nereididae Perinereis nun tia? scavenger/selective
deposit? 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Opheliidae Armandia intermedia non-selective ?
deposit 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Orbiniidae Leitoscolopl
os
bifurcatus deposit
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Orbiniidae Scoloplos normalis deposit 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1
Annelida Polychaeta Orbiniidae Scoloplos simplex deposit 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Oweniidae Owenia fusiformis selective deposit 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
Annelida Polychaeta Oweniidae Owenia tubes of
fusiformis
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Paraonidae Aricidea fauveli direct deposit 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocidae Phyllodoce sp. 1 carnivore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocidae sp 1 carnivore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Pilargidae Sigambra parva carnivore/omnivore
/ predator?/
scavenger? 0 0 0 0 1 5 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Sabellidae Laonome elegans suspension 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Sabellidae Laonome triangularis suspension 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Sabellidae Laonome
juvenile?
suspension
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Sabellidae Laonome sp. suspension 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Sabellidae Laonome tubes of L.
sp.
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Sigalionidae Sigalion bandaeensis carnivore/predator 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
Annelida Polychaeta Spionidae Carazziella victoriensis deposit/suspension 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Spionidae Carazziella sp. deposit/suspension 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
Table 10 continued.
Phylum Class:Order:
Suborder
Family Genus species feeding group H
M1
H
M2
H
M3
H
M4
C
M1
CH
M2
CH
M3
CH
M4
Annelida Polychaeta Spionidae Dipolydora flava/tuberc
ulata
deposit/suspension
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Spionidae Dipolydora socialis deposit/suspension 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Spionidae Dipolydora sp deposit/suspension 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Spionidae Dipolydora tubes of sp 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Spionidae Polydora
(fragments)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Spionidae Prionospio aucklandica deposit/suspension 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Spionidae Prionospio queenslandi
ca
deposit/suspension
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
Annelida Polychaeta Spionidae Prionospio yuriel deposit/suspension 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Spionidae Prionospio wambiri deposit/suspension 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Spionidae Pseudopolyd
ora
cf.
glandulosa
deposit/suspension
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Spionidae Pseudopolyd
ora
paucibranchi
ata
deposit/suspension
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Syllidae Ehlersia? sp predator/carnivore? 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Syllidae:
Syllinae
Typosyllis cf. variegata
(H&M1984)
predator/carnivore
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Syllidae:
Exogoninae
Exogone cf
heterosetosa
selective deposit
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Syllidae:
Exogoninae
sp 1 selective deposit
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Annelida Polychaeta Syllidae:
Exogoninae
sp 2 selective deposit
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Syllidae:
Exogoninae
sp 3 selective deposit
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
Annelida Polychaeta Terebellidae Lysilla pacifica selective surface
deposit 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 3
Annelida Polychaeta Terebellidae Lysilla sp selective surface
deposit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
Table 10 continued.
Phylum Class:Order:
Suborder
Family Genus species feeding group H
M1
H
M2
H
M3
H
M4
C
M1
CH
M2
CH
M3
CH
M4
Annelida Oligochaeta unidentified 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Amphipoda
Corophiidae
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Amphipoda
Haustoriidae Urohaustori
us
sp1 suspension/filter
31 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Amphipoda
Melitidae sp 1 ?
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Amphipoda
Oedicerotidae sp 1 deposit
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Amphipoda
Oedicerotidae sp 2 deposit
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Amphipoda
Phoxocephalidae sp 1 deposit/predator
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Amphipoda
unidentified sp 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Amphipoda
unidentified sp 2
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Arthropoda Crustacea:Am
phipoda
unidentified sp 2A
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Amphipoda
(Eusiridae?) sp. 3
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Amphipoda
fragments
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Decapoda
Alpheidae Synalpheus? sp deposit
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Arthropoda Crustacea
:Decapoda
Palaemonidae Periclimenes sp. anenome
symbiont? 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Decapoda
Penaeidae Penaeus plebejus
(juv.)
omnivore/
scavenger 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Decapoda
Callianiassidae Trypaea sp. subsurface deposit
1 0 0 0 0 0 6 0
Table 10 continued.
Phylum Class:Order:
Suborder
Family Genus species feeding group H
M1
H
M2
H
M3
H
M4
C
M1
CH
M2
CH
M3
CH
M4
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Decapoda
Diogenidae sp
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Decapoda:
Brachyura
Myctiridae Mictyrus longicarpus omnivore/
scavenger
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Decapoda:
Brachyura
Myctiridae Mictyrus platycheles omnivore/
scavenger
4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Decapoda:
Brachyura
Grapsidae Paragrapsus sp herbivore
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Decapoda:
Brachyura
Grapsidae Paragrapsus sp. 2 herbivore
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Decapoda:
Brachyura
Grapsidae sp 1 ?
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Decapoda:
Brachyura
Hymenosomatidae Halicarcinus australis
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Isopoda
Anthuridae sp scavenger/
omnivore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 53
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Tanaidacea
Leptochelidae sp 1 filter/predator
0 0 0 0 0 0 5 6
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Tanaidacea
Leptochelidae tube filter/predator
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Echinodermata Ophiuroidea
(fragments)
unidentified sp 1 filter/deposit/
browse/scavenger 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Echinodermata Ophiuroidea unidentified sp 2 filter/deposit/
browse/scavenger 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ectoproctophora Smittinidae Parasmittina sp (colony) filter 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Foraminiferida Rotaliidae Ammonia beccari selective deposit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Table 10 continued.
Phylum Class:Order:
Suborder
Family Genus species feeding group H
M1
H
M2
H
M3
H
M4
C
M1
CH
M2
CH
M3
CH
M4
Mollusca Bivalvia Arcidae Anadara trapezia suspension 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Bivalvia Galeommatidae Mysella anom ala suspension 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
Mollusca Bivalvia Galeommatidae Mysella vitrea suspension 19 0 0 11 0 0 8 13
Mollusca Bivalvia Hiatellidae Hiatella australis suspension 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Bivalvia Laternulidae Laternula creccina suspension 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0
Mollusca Bivalvia Laternulidae Laternula rostrata suspension 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
Mollusca Bivalvia Mactridae Spisula trigonella suspension 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Bivalvia Mytilidae Musculus cf. nanus suspension 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
Mollusca Bivalvia Mytilidae Pinctada? sp suspension 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Bivalvia Psammobiidae Soletellina alba prob. deposit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Bivalvia Semelidae Theora fragilis prob. deposit 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0
Mollusca Bivalvia Tellinidae Tellina deltoidalis deposit 0 3 0 8 1 0 1 5
Mollusca Bivalvia Tellinidae Tellina
(Pistris)
gemonia suspension/deposit
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Bivalvia Veneridae Dosinia sculpta suspension 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 0
Mollusca Bivalvia Veneridae Dosinia sp 1 suspension 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Bivalvia Veneridae Paphia sp suspension 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
Mollusca Gastropoda Batilariidae Batillaria australis microalgal detritus 0 0 0 0 11 0 0 0
Mollusca Gastropoda Cerithiopsidae Joculator gracilis feeds on sponge 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Gastropoda Haminoidae Haminoea sp 1 herbivore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Gastropoda Nassariidae Nassarius jonasii scavenger on
carrion 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Gastropoda Nassariidae Nassarius burchardi scavenger on
carrion 0 0 0 10 0 0 3 4
Mollusca Gastropoda Naticidae Glossaulax didyma carnivore 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
Mollusca Gastropoda Philinidae Philine angasi carnivore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Mollusca Gastropoda Turbinidae Astraea stellare herbivore/algal
grazer 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Gastropoda Turbinidae Turbo sp herbivore/algal
grazer 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Table 10 continued.
Phylum Class:Order:
Suborder
Family Genus species feeding group H
M1
H
M2
H
M3
H
M4
C
M1
CH
M2
CH
M3
CH
M4
Mollusca Gastropoda Vitrinellidae Pseudoliotia speciosa detritivore on
microalgae/bacteria 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Nudibranchia sp. 1 grazing predator 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nematoda unidentified spp probably deposit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nemertea unidentified spp carnivore
(annelids,
crustacea) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nemertea unidentified "brown-
striped"
carnivore
(annelids,
crustacea) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nemertea unidentified fragments carnivore
(annelids,
crustacea) 1 0 2 3 0 0 1 0
Nemertea unidentified "big green" carnivore
(annelids,
crustacea) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Phoronida unidentified filter 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 2
Phoronida? unidentified sp filter 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Platyhelminthe Turbellaria unidentified filter 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Porifera unidentified sp 1 filter 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
Porifera unidentified sp 2 filter 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Porifera unidentified sp 3 filter 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Priapulida? unidentified predators
(polychaetes, soft-
bodied slow
movers) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sipuncula unidentified sp detritivore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sipuncula unidentified sp 2 detritivore 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
Vertebrata Actinopterygii Gobiidae Istigobius? sp 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Vertebrata Actinopterygii Gobiidae sp 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Table 11 Autumn macrofauna abundance
Phylum Class:Order:
Suborder
Family Genus Species Feeding Group H
M1
H
M2
H
M3
H
M4
C
M1
CH
M2
CH
M3
CH
M4
Annelida Polychaeta Capitellidae Barantolla lepte non-selective ?
direct deposit 0 2 2 1 2 0 1 2
Annelida Polychaeta Capitellidae Leiochrides? sp non-selective ?
direct deposit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Capitellidae Mediomastus californiensi
s
non-selective ?
direct deposit 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Capitellidae Notomastus chrysosetus non-selective ?
direct deposit 0 4 0 0 0 0 2 3
Annelida Polychaeta Capitellidae Notomastus torquatus non-selective ?
direct deposit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Capitellidae Notomastus spp
(H&M1984)
non-selective ?
direct deposit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Capitellidae Scyphoproctus djiboutiensis non-selective ?
direct deposit 0 0 0 11 0 0 0 8
Annelida Polychaeta Cirratulidae Caulleriella cf.
tricapillata surface deposit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Cirratulidae Cirriformia cf. filigera surface deposit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 28
Annelida Polychaeta Cirratulidae Tharyx cf multifilis
(H&M '84) surface deposit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Eunicidae Marphysa sp. carnivore/omnivore 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Lumbrineridae Lumbrineris latreilli herbivore/carnivore
/deposit 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0
Annelida Polychaeta Magelonidae Magelona dakini surface deposit 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0
Annelida Polychaeta Maldanidae Maldane sarsi? 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Nephtyidae Nephtys australiensis predator/carnivore 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Nephtyidae Nephtys longipes predator/carnivore 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Nereididae Australonereis ehlersi scavenger/selective
deposit 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Nereididae Ceratonereis mirabilis scavenger/selective
deposit 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0
Table 11 continued.
Phylum Class:Order:
Suborder
Family Genus Species Feeding Group H
M1
H
M2
H
M3
H
M4
C
M1
CH
M2
CH
M3
CH
M4
Annelida Polychaeta Nereididae Simplisetia aequisetis scavenger/selective
deposit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Annelida Polychaeta Nereididae Neanthes vaalii scavenger/selective
deposit? 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Nereididae Perinereis nun tia? scavenger/selective
deposit? 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Opheliidae Armandia intermedia non-selective ?
deposit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Orbiniidae Leitoscolopl
os
bifurcatus deposit
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Orbiniidae Scoloplos normalis deposit 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Orbiniidae Scoloplos simplex deposit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Oweniidae Owenia fusiformis selective deposit 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0
Annelida Polychaeta Oweniidae Owenia tubes of
fusiformis
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Paraonidae Aricidea fauveli direct deposit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocidae Phyllodoce sp. 1 carnivore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocidae sp 1 carnivore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Pilargidae Sigambra parva carnivore/omnivore
/ predator?/
scavenger? 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Sabellidae Laonome elegans suspension 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Sabellidae Laonome triangularis suspension 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2
Annelida Polychaeta Sabellidae Laonome
juvenile?
suspension
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Sabellidae Laonome sp. suspension 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Sabellidae Laonome tubes of L.
sp.
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Sigalionidae Sigalion bandaeensis carnivore/predator 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
Annelida Polychaeta Spionidae Carazziella victoriensis deposit/suspension 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Spionidae Carazziella sp. deposit/suspension 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Table 11 continued. Phylum Class:Order:
Suborder
Family Genus species feeding group H
M1
H
M2
H
M3
H
M4
C
M1
CH
M2
CH
M3
CH
M4
Annelida Polychaeta Spionidae Dipolydora flava/tuberc
ulata
deposit/suspension
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Spionidae Dipolydora socialis deposit/suspension 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0
Annelida Polychaeta Spionidae Dipolydora sp deposit/suspension 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Spionidae Dipolydora tubes of sp 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Spionidae Polydora
(fragments)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Spionidae Prionospio aucklandica deposit/suspension 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Spionidae Prionospio queenslandi
ca
deposit/suspension
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Spionidae Prionospio yuriel deposit/suspension 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Spionidae Prionospio wambiri deposit/suspension 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Spionidae Pseudopolyd
ora
cf.
glandulosa
deposit/suspension
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Spionidae Pseudopolyd
ora
paucibranchi
ata
deposit/suspension
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Syllidae Ehlersia? sp predator/carnivore? 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Syllidae:
Syllinae
Typosyllis cf. variegata
(H&M1984)
predator/carnivore
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Syllidae:
Exogoninae
Exogone cf
heterosetosa
selective deposit
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Syllidae:
Exogoninae
sp 1 selective deposit
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Syllidae:
Exogoninae
sp 2 selective deposit
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Syllidae:
Exogoninae
sp 3 selective deposit
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Annelida Polychaeta Terebellidae Lysilla pacifica selective surface
deposit 0 0 0 15 0 0 2 3
Annelida Polychaeta Terebellidae Lysilla sp selective surface
deposit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Table 11 continued. Phylum Class:Order:
Suborder
Family Genus species feeding group H
M1
H
M2
H
M3
H
M4
C
M1
CH
M2
CH
M3
CH
M4
Annelida Oligochaeta unidentified 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Amphipoda
Corophiidae
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Amphipoda
Haustoriidae Urohaustori
us
sp1 suspension/filter
14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Amphipoda
Melitidae sp 1 ?
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Amphipoda
Oedicerotidae sp 1 deposit
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Amphipoda
Oedicerotidae sp 2 deposit
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Amphipoda
Phoxocephalidae sp 1 deposit/predator
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Amphipoda
unidentified sp 1
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Amphipoda
unidentified sp 2
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:Am
phipoda
unidentified sp 2A
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Amphipoda
(Eusiridae?) sp. 3
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Amphipoda
fragments
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Decapoda
Alpheidae Synalpheus? sp deposit
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea
:Decapoda
Palaemonidae Periclimenes sp. anenome
symbiont? 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Decapoda
Penaeidae Penaeus plebejus
(juv.)
omnivore/
scavenger 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Decapoda
Callianiassidae Trypaea sp. subsurface deposit
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Table 11 continued. Phylum Class:Order:
Suborder
Family Genus species feeding group H
M1
H
M2
H
M3
H
M4
C
M1
CH
M2
CH
M3
CH
M4
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Decapoda
Diogenidae sp
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Decapoda:
Brachyura
Myctiridae Mictyrus longicarpus omnivore/
scavenger
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Decapoda:
Brachyura
Myctiridae Mictyrus platycheles omnivore/
scavenger
6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Decapoda:
Brachyura
Grapsidae Paragrapsus sp herbivore
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Decapoda:
Brachyura
Grapsidae Paragrapsus sp. 2 herbivore
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Decapoda:
Brachyura
Grapsidae sp 1 ?
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Decapoda:
Brachyura
Hymenosomatidae Halicarcinus australis
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Isopoda
Anthuridae sp scavenger/
omnivore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Tanaidacea
Leptochelidae sp 1 filter/predator
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
Arthropoda Crustacea:
Tanaidacea
Leptochelidae tube filter/predator
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Echinodermata Ophiuroidea
(fragments)
unidentified sp 1 filter/deposit/
browse/scavenger 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Echinodermata Ophiuroidea unidentified sp 2 filter/deposit/
browse/scavenger 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ectoproctophora Smittinidae Parasmittina sp (colony) filter 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Foraminiferida Rotaliidae Ammonia beccari selective deposit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Table 11 continued. Phylum Class:Order:
Suborder
Family Genus species feeding group H
M1
H
M2
H
M3
H
M4
C
M1
CH
M2
CH
M3
CH
M4
Mollusca Bivalvia Arcidae Anadara trapezia suspension 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Bivalvia Galeommatidae Mysella anom ala suspension 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Bivalvia Galeommatidae Mysella vitrea suspension 64 0 0 2 0 0 5 0
Mollusca Bivalvia Hiatellidae Hiatella australis suspension 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Bivalvia Laternulidae Laternula creccina suspension 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Bivalvia Laternulidae Laternula rostrata suspension 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Bivalvia Mactridae Spisula trigonella suspension 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Bivalvia Mytilidae Musculus cf. nanus suspension 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0
Mollusca Bivalvia Mytilidae Pinctada? sp suspension 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Bivalvia Psammobiidae Soletellina alba prob. deposit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Bivalvia Semelidae Theora fragilis prob. deposit 0 0 0 0 1 7 0 0
Mollusca Bivalvia Tellinidae Tellina deltoidalis deposit 0 6 0 2 0 0 0 4
Mollusca Bivalvia Tellinidae Tellina
(Pistris)
gemonia suspension/deposit
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Bivalvia Veneridae Dosinia sculpta suspension 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
Mollusca Bivalvia Veneridae Dosinia sp 1 suspension 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Bivalvia Veneridae Paphia sp suspension 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
Mollusca Gastropoda Batilariidae Batillaria australis microalgal detritus 0 0 0 0 7 0 1 0
Mollusca Gastropoda Cerithiopsidae Joculator gracilis feeds on sponge 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Gastropoda Haminoidae Haminoea sp 1 herbivore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Gastropoda Nassariidae Nassarius jonasii scavenger on
carrion 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Gastropoda Nassariidae Nassarius burchardi scavenger on
carrion 0 0 0 13 0 0 4 10
Mollusca Gastropoda Naticidae Glossaulax didyma carnivore 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
Mollusca Gastropoda Philinidae Philine angasi carnivore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Gastropoda Turbinidae Astraea stellare herbivore/algal
grazer 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Mollusca Gastropoda Turbinidae Turbo sp herbivore/algal
grazer 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Table 11 continued. Phylum Class:Order:
Suborder
Family Genus species feeding group H
M1
H
M2
H
M3
H
M4
CH
M1
CH
M2
CH
M3
CH
M4
Mollusca Gastropoda Vitrinellidae Pseudoliotia speciosa detritivore on
microalgae/bacteria 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mollusca Nudibranchia sp. 1 grazing predator 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nematoda unidentified spp probably deposit 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Nemertea unidentified spp carnivore
(annelids,
crustacea) 0 0 1 3 0 0 1 0
Nemertea unidentified "brown-
striped"
carnivore
(annelids,
crustacea) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nemertea unidentified fragments carnivore
(annelids,
crustacea) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nemertea unidentified "big green" carnivore
(annelids,
crustacea) 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Phoronida unidentified filter 0 0 0 1 0 0 9 2
Phoronida? unidentified sp filter 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Platyhelminthe Turbellaria unidentified filter 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Porifera unidentified sp 1 filter 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Porifera unidentified sp 2 filter 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Porifera unidentified sp 3 filter 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Priapulida? unidentified predators
(polychaetes, soft-
bodied slow
movers) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sipuncula unidentified sp detritivore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sipuncula unidentified sp 2 detritivore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Vertebrata Actinopterygii Gobiidae Istigobius? sp 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Vertebrata Actinopterygii Gobiidae sp 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
top related