basics of recording new
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8/13/2019 Basics of Recording New
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Basics of Recording 1
Basics of RecordingDennis Mauricio
Common Recording ProjectsRecord rehearsals & concerts
Audition CDs for conferences, festivals, college
Small group or independent student projectsEvaluation group or individual progressPortfolio & authentic assessmentFundraising - sell CDs
Benefits to StudentsProvides immediate feedbackDevelops critical listening skillsDocument progress over timeBuild a portfolio
Assessment (funding justification)
Teaching Applications
Create guided listening examplesCreate accompaniments for choral, instrumental, or classroom practiceTeach musical concepts such as style, pitch, timbre, and dynamicsPublish mp3 audio files on the Internet for listening assignments and home practice
RecordingThe process of capturing and storing audio as electrical voltages
AudioA technical term for sound or a stream of sound, whether produced by electronic or acoustic means
What About MIDI?MIDI & audio are completely separateConsists of performance instructions
Comparable to notated (print) music
Analog vs. Digital RecordingAnalog smooth, continuous flow of voltageDigital converted to distinct steps (0 & 1)
Traditional Studio DesignModular - Separate Components
Large Traditional Studio Design ModelMixerRecorderSignal processors (effects)Studio monitors (speakers)
Integrated (standalone) All-in-OnePortableEasy SetupReliability
ComputerLaptop with USB or FireWire Audio InterfaceSoftware: Pro Tools,Audacity(freeware) audacity.sourceforge.net
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Common Recording MethodsStereo Recording
Record two tracks left & rightBasic & direct method
Multitrack RecordingMore than two tracks (typically 4 24)
Allows for independent recording, editing & mixing of vocals or instruments
Live Multitrack Recording Numerous tracks all at the same time
Overdubbing Record a track at a later timePunch-In/Out Record a segment of a track starting & ending at precise points
Audio Storage MethodsTape Linear format
AnalogCassette TapeReel-to-Reel
DigitalDAT (Digital Audio tape) stereo format
Alesis ADAT (VHS tape) 8 track multitrackTascam DA-88 (Hi-8 tape) 8 track multitrack
Disk (Disc)- digital, non-linearHard Disk
ComputerDigital audio recording software
Audio interfaceDedicated Hard Disk Recorder (HDR)
Standalone (All-in-One)
Compact Disc (CD)CD-R write once, read many timesCD-RW ReWritable
Compact Flash
Hard Disk Recording AdvantagesCompletely Digital
No analog tape hissNo signal degradation
Non-linear, Random accessInstant access to any part of a song (no time required for fast-forwarding / rewinding)Non-destructive editingWord Processor editing of audio
The Recording Process
Pre-ProductionPlanning, Setup
Recording
Post-ProductionTrack Editing, Mixing, Mastering, Duplication, Distribution
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Microphone BasicsMicrophones are transducersBasic purpose is to convert acoustical energy (sound waves) to electrical energy (voltages)
Types of Microphones Refers to the basic design of the microphone component (element) used to capture the sound.
There are two common types of microphones:
Dynamic- Moving electromagnetic coil
Condenser- Consists of two plates, one stationary and one moving.
Dynamic Microphones Durable good jack-of-all-trades mic. Typically handles cold, heat, and high humidity better than condenser mics. Can handle high volume levels without distortion. Frequently used for miking bass (kick) drum, snare drum, and guitar amps. Overall ruggedness makes them a good choice for hand-held close vocal use.
Condenser Microphones Wider & smoother frequency response than dynamic mics, especially high-end frequencies. Very realistic, transparent sound. Preferred choice for stereo recording or group sound reinforcement. Great for miking cymbals, woodwind and string instruments, and studio vocals. More fragile & expensive than dynamic mics; use extra care. Require power source
- Batteries- Phantom power from mixer
Pickup (Polar) Pattern Refers to how a microphone hears the sound. The directional response of a microphone.
Two common microphone pickup (polar) patterns:Omnidirectional
Picks up sound in all directionsa full 360.
Cardioid (unidirectional) Picks up sound primarily in front. Rejects sound from rear.
What to Start With:A pair of cardioid condenser microphonesAdd a 3
rdmicrophone for capturing soloists
Condenser or dynamic cardioid mic
Miking EnsemblesStereo Mic Techniques
Spaced Pair- Pair of cardioid condenser mics- Smooth, spacious sound- Mic spacing is important
Coincident (X-Y)- Good for small to medium size groups
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Accent Miking- Use additional mic and recording track to capture soloist
Area (Section) Miking- Use several microphones to capture different sections
Mixer
Routes audio signals to a destination Mixer combines audio signals into a mix
Channel Inputs Receives audio from microphones and instruments Input Trim (sensitivity or attenuation) Adjust volume level, EQ, effects
Output Headphones for monitoring Near-field Reference Monitors
- Powered or Nonpowered
Recording Audio is recorded on a track Recorded data is stored on a hard drive
Recording Tracks Adjust input levels Select and record enable the tracks Press the Record button to begin recording Adding More Tracks Overdub soloist on a new track Use V-Tracks for additional takes
Post-productionMixing
Use channel volume faders to adjust track levels Adjust EQ Add effects reverb, chorus Combine tracks into a stereo mix
Mixdown to a pair of stereo tracksMaster the stereo tracksBurn the mastered tracks to a CD
Additional ResourcesPractical Recording Techniques4
thedition by Bruce and Jenny Bartlett
Recording and Producing in the Home Studioby David FranzMusic Mentor SeriesAn Easy Approach to Recording in the ClassroomRecording School Online videos www.recordingschoolonline.comShure Educational Materials www.shure.com/bookletsMusic Education Technology Magazine (free subscription) metmagazine.com
Contact:Dennis Mauricio dennismauricio@cox.netHilltop High Music Technology hhs.suhsd.k12.ca.us/~musictech/Roland Music Education www.rolandus.com/community/musiceducation
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