bacteria & archaea · the important characteristic for classifying bacteria are : cell membrane...

Bacteria & Archaea

Ms.Tanyaratana Dumkua

Biology Department, MahidolWittayanusorn school

What is the bacteria?

Range of diameter 0.1-600 m

http://www.unc.edu/depts/tcf/mycoplasma.gif http://gsbs.utmb.edu/microbook/images/fig37_1.JPG

http://student.ccbcmd.edu/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit1/prostruct/ epulopiscium.html

Epulopiscium fishelsoni

<< Mycoplasma sp.

<<

Small prokaryotic cell

What is the different between prokaryote and eukaryote?

The important characteristic for classifying bacteria are :

Cell membrane Shape Cell envelope & appendage Movement Photosynthesis Metabolism : aerobe, anaerobe, chemical product etc.

Bacteria : cell membrane

Ester linkage (D-glycerol) Ether linkage (L-glycerol)

http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/archaea/archaeamm.html http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/archaea/archaeamm.html

Bacteria : shape

Bacillus : Rod Coccus : Sperical Spiral : vibrio (curve),

spirillium, spirochete

*Amorphus = mycoplasma >>

http://www.rainbowminerals.net/Rust/rot_rust_tour10.html

Cell Arrangement of Bacteria

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Bacterial_ morphology_diagram.svg/350px-Bacterial_morphology_diagram.svg.png

Micrococcus Single bacillus

Diplococcus Streptococcus Staphylococcus Tetrad Sacinae

E. coli

http://www.astrographics.com/GalleryPrints/Display/GP2144.jpg

Vibrio vulnificus

http://www.biology4kids.com/extras/dtop_micro/7815.html

Vibrio chlorellae

http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/fox/vibrio-cholerae.jpg

http://www.ccsf.edu/Departments/Biology/ctoebe/spirochetes.htm

Borrelia burgdorferi

Neisseria meningitidis

http://www.dstl.gov.uk/news_events/images/acolyte.jpg

http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/5/57/Staphylococcus_aureus_01.jpg

Staphylococcus aureus

http://student.ccbcmd.edu/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit1/shape/images/streptobacillus1_scale_final.jpg

Streptobacillus moniliformis

Bordetella pertussis

http://www.freewebs.com/ekelley13/

Bacteria : Cell envelope & appendage

http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/bacteriacell.html

Protoplasm Cell Envelope Cell membrane Cell wall Glucocalyx Cell Appendage

Bacteria : cell wall (1)

N-acytyl glucosamine (NAG) N-acytyl muramic acid (NAM)

Peptidoglycan

http://faculty.ircc.edu/faculty/tfischer/images/gram%20neg.%20diagram.jpg http://faculty.ircc.edu/faculty/tfischer/images/gram%20pos%20diagram.jpg

Bacteria : cell wall (2) Gram positive Gram negative

http://faculty.ircc.edu/faculty/tfischer/Gram%20neg%20cell%20wall3.jpg http://faculty.ircc.edu/faculty/tfischer/GramPos.jpg

http://www.biologycorner.com/bio3/notes-bacteria.html http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/micro229/terry/images/micro/gramposneg.gif

http://faculty.ircc.edu/faculty/tfischer/images/gramstain.jpg

Bacteria : movement and attachment

Gliding Flagella

http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/dp5/flagellum.jpg

V V

Flagellin

Pili Sex pili

http://www.rsc.org/images/CHEM%20SCI-p25-BOTTOM-250_tcm18-38916.jpg http://www.palaeos.com/Kingdoms/Prokaryotes/Images/BacterialSex.gif

Pilin

Fimbriae : Adhesin

Bacteria : photosynthesis

Bacteriochlorophyll Chlorophyll a Carotine, xanthophyll, phycoerythirin phycocyanin

Cyanobacteria and cyanophysean starch

Bacteria : Metabolism (1)

Aerobic bacteria Anaerobic bacteria Facultative bacteria

Bacteria : Metabolism (2)

Catalase Methane Nitrogen fixation (heterocysts)

Bacteria : reproduction

http://microvet.arizona.edu/Courses/MIC205/Exams/05Exams/06-14_BacteriaGrowth_1.jpg

Asexual reproduction (binary fission) Sexual reproduction (cojugation)

Clostridium tetani Bacillus cereus

http://student.ccbcmd.edu/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit1/prostruct/images/ sporectetani1_scale_final.jpg http://www.bact.wisc.edu/Microtextbook/images/book_3/chapter_3/3-12.jpg

Endospore is not reproduction!!!

Endospore

http://www.microbeworld.org/images/didyouknow/endospore_cycle.jpg http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en-commons/thumb/b/bc/260px-Bakterien_Sporen.png

Classification of Bacteria

3 Domains of Life

LUCA : the Last Universal Common Ancestor

http://universe-review.ca/R11-07-microbiology.htm

Rank of Life

Archaea

http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/archaea/archaeamm.html

Membrane Lipids of the living

Archaea

Bacteria

http://www.bact.wisc.edu/Microtextbook/index.php?module=Book&func=displayarticle&art_id=73&theme=printer

Promoter of Gene

• no Tf • Histone • Met

https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/courses-images/wp-content/uploads/sites/1223/2017/01/18201910/Figure_22_02_03.jpg

Methanogen Extremophiles Thermophiles

By 16S RNA

Read more data about archaea @ http://biology.ipst.ac.th/?p=959

(1) Halophiles in salty lakes (2) Thermoproteus in deep-sea hydrothermal vents (3) Sulfolobus in hot sulfur springs (4) Methanococcus in swamps and marshes (5) Acidianus in acidic ponds

http://universe-review.ca/I11-29-archaea2.jpg

EXTREME ENVIRONMENT

http://waynesword.palomar.edu/plsept98.htm

Saltbush scrub and cottonwood trees in Owens Valley, with Owens Salt Lake and the Inyo Range in the distance. The pinkish coloration of the water is caused by high concentrations of Halophilic archaebacteria. Image taken in August 2006.

Owens lake bed along Highway 395 south of Lone Pine with Sierra Nevada in the distance. The salt crust is colored red by dense colonies of Halophilic archaebacteria. (Bacteriorhodopsin) http://waynesword.palomar.edu/ploct97.htm https://snowbio.wikispaces.com/Halophile+Archea+%28bacteria%29

A picture of halophile archaea.

http://www.microbiologyresearch.org/docserver/fulltext/ijsem/57/10/2199.pdf?expires=1528253079&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=3AA70C0132D7B04C2E8A9200C67019FE

Proteobacteia Chlamydias Spirocheates Cyanobacteria Gram positive bacteria

https://www.scientistcindy.com/uploads/8/5/1/2/85124478/classification-of-prokaryotes_1_orig.jpg

* High diversity * Gram Negative * Aaerobic or Anaerobic * Photoautotrophs Chemoautotrophs or Heterotrophs

Proteobacteria

Rhizobium spp.

Endosymbiosis http://faculty.ircc.edu/faculty/tfischer/images/endosymbiosis.jpg http://www.bact.wisc.edu/themicrobialworld/Effects.html

Proteobacteria

Nitrosomonas sp.

http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/images/thumb/8/89/Zdrs0232.jpg/350px-Zdrs0232.jpg http://www.soils.umn.edu/academics/classes/soil2125/img/9snitrf.jpg

Proteobacteria

Chromatium sp.

http://www.hik.hu/tankonyvtar/site/books/b159/kepek/K4003.jpg

Vibrio sp.

http://student.ccbcmd.edu/courses/bio141/labmanua/lab1/images/96525g.jpg

Proteobacteria

Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus

http://www.eurekalert.org/features/kids/2004-01/aaft-tnb020805.php http://www.asm.org/ASM/files/ccLibraryFiles/Filename/000000002458/CTphoto2%20copy.gif http://www.innovations-report.de/bilder_neu/25204_bbakterien2.jpg

Proteobacteria

http://www.nexium.net/gUserFiles/HELICOBACTERPYLORI_450.gif http://www.vcharkarn.com/tech/pictures/A320/helicobacterpylori4.jpg

More info : http://h.pylori.info/

Nobel prize 2005

Chlamydia

* Animal parasite Chlamydia trachomatis : nongonococcal uretritis * Gram negative, no peptidoglycan

More info : http://www.siamhealth.net/Disease/infectious/std/Clamydia.htm

http://www.sgm.ac.uk/pubs/micro_today/pdf/050304.pdf#xml=http://www.sgm.ac.uk/scripts/texis.exe/webinator/search/xml.txt?query=chlamydia&pr=sgm&order=r&id=3eee77251e

Spirochete

* Spiral : 0.25 mm * Free living or Pathogen : Treponema pallidum : syphilis

http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/trepo.jpg http://apatheticaphid.wordpress.com/category/medical-history/

Gram Positive Bacteria

* Gram positive * Free living or pathogen

Clostridium botulinum Bacillus anthracis

http://www.snv.jussieu.fr/vie/dossiers/anthrax/01pathogene.htm http://student.ccbcmd.edu/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit1/prostruct/dkcbot.html

Actinomyces

http://www.bio-pro.de/imperia/md/images/artikelgebunden/ulm/luftmycel_338x268.jpg http://hp.brs.nihon-u.ac.jp/~kenueda/Streptomyces.JPG

Gram Positive Bacteria

http://www.compoundchem.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Aroma-Chemistry-The-Smell-of-Rain-724x1024.png

Mycoplasmas

* Smallest bacteria * No cell wall * Diameter 0.1 m (5x ribosome) * Walking pneumonia

Gram Positive Bacteria

http://www.onlinebiologynotes.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/mycoplasma-678x381.jpg

Cyanobacteria

http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios104/mike/bacteria01.htm

Photoautotrophs

Single or Colony

Nitrogen fixation

http://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/image/48165/Anabaena.gif

http://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/image/48222/Nostoc2.gif

Cyanobacteria

Special cell :

Akinete Heterocyst

http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/webb/BOT311/ Cyanobacteria/Cyanobacteria.htm

Cyanobacteria

KINGDOM MONERA

Schizophyta Cyanophyta

http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/proceuc/c27x3proc_shapes.jpg http://www.ibvf.cartuja.csic.es/Cultivos/fotos/Spirulina_sp._PCC_6313_dis.jpg http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/130/Bacteria/Cyanobacteria/Oscillatoria/Oscillatoria_MC.html