bacteria & archaea · the important characteristic for classifying bacteria are : cell membrane...
TRANSCRIPT
Bacteria & Archaea
Ms.Tanyaratana Dumkua
Biology Department, MahidolWittayanusorn school
What is the bacteria?
Range of diameter 0.1-600 m
http://www.unc.edu/depts/tcf/mycoplasma.gif http://gsbs.utmb.edu/microbook/images/fig37_1.JPG
http://student.ccbcmd.edu/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit1/prostruct/ epulopiscium.html
Epulopiscium fishelsoni
<< Mycoplasma sp.
<<
Small prokaryotic cell
What is the different between prokaryote and eukaryote?
The important characteristic for classifying bacteria are :
Cell membrane Shape Cell envelope & appendage Movement Photosynthesis Metabolism : aerobe, anaerobe, chemical product etc.
Bacteria : cell membrane
Ester linkage (D-glycerol) Ether linkage (L-glycerol)
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/archaea/archaeamm.html http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/archaea/archaeamm.html
Bacteria : shape
Bacillus : Rod Coccus : Sperical Spiral : vibrio (curve),
spirillium, spirochete
*Amorphus = mycoplasma >>
http://www.rainbowminerals.net/Rust/rot_rust_tour10.html
Cell Arrangement of Bacteria
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Bacterial_ morphology_diagram.svg/350px-Bacterial_morphology_diagram.svg.png
Micrococcus Single bacillus
Diplococcus Streptococcus Staphylococcus Tetrad Sacinae
E. coli
http://www.astrographics.com/GalleryPrints/Display/GP2144.jpg
Vibrio vulnificus
http://www.biology4kids.com/extras/dtop_micro/7815.html
Vibrio chlorellae
http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/fox/vibrio-cholerae.jpg
http://www.ccsf.edu/Departments/Biology/ctoebe/spirochetes.htm
Borrelia burgdorferi
Neisseria meningitidis
http://www.dstl.gov.uk/news_events/images/acolyte.jpg
http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/5/57/Staphylococcus_aureus_01.jpg
Staphylococcus aureus
http://student.ccbcmd.edu/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit1/shape/images/streptobacillus1_scale_final.jpg
Streptobacillus moniliformis
Bordetella pertussis
http://www.freewebs.com/ekelley13/
Bacteria : Cell envelope & appendage
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/bacteriacell.html
Protoplasm Cell Envelope Cell membrane Cell wall Glucocalyx Cell Appendage
Bacteria : cell wall (1)
N-acytyl glucosamine (NAG) N-acytyl muramic acid (NAM)
Peptidoglycan
http://faculty.ircc.edu/faculty/tfischer/images/gram%20neg.%20diagram.jpg http://faculty.ircc.edu/faculty/tfischer/images/gram%20pos%20diagram.jpg
Bacteria : cell wall (2) Gram positive Gram negative
http://faculty.ircc.edu/faculty/tfischer/Gram%20neg%20cell%20wall3.jpg http://faculty.ircc.edu/faculty/tfischer/GramPos.jpg
http://www.biologycorner.com/bio3/notes-bacteria.html http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/micro229/terry/images/micro/gramposneg.gif
http://faculty.ircc.edu/faculty/tfischer/images/gramstain.jpg
Bacteria : movement and attachment
Gliding Flagella
http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/dp5/flagellum.jpg
V V
Flagellin
Pili Sex pili
http://www.rsc.org/images/CHEM%20SCI-p25-BOTTOM-250_tcm18-38916.jpg http://www.palaeos.com/Kingdoms/Prokaryotes/Images/BacterialSex.gif
Pilin
Fimbriae : Adhesin
Bacteria : photosynthesis
Bacteriochlorophyll Chlorophyll a Carotine, xanthophyll, phycoerythirin phycocyanin
Cyanobacteria and cyanophysean starch
Bacteria : Metabolism (1)
Aerobic bacteria Anaerobic bacteria Facultative bacteria
Bacteria : Metabolism (2)
Catalase Methane Nitrogen fixation (heterocysts)
Bacteria : reproduction
http://microvet.arizona.edu/Courses/MIC205/Exams/05Exams/06-14_BacteriaGrowth_1.jpg
Asexual reproduction (binary fission) Sexual reproduction (cojugation)
Clostridium tetani Bacillus cereus
http://student.ccbcmd.edu/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit1/prostruct/images/ sporectetani1_scale_final.jpg http://www.bact.wisc.edu/Microtextbook/images/book_3/chapter_3/3-12.jpg
Endospore is not reproduction!!!
Endospore
http://www.microbeworld.org/images/didyouknow/endospore_cycle.jpg http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en-commons/thumb/b/bc/260px-Bakterien_Sporen.png
Classification of Bacteria
3 Domains of Life
LUCA : the Last Universal Common Ancestor
http://universe-review.ca/R11-07-microbiology.htm
Rank of Life
Archaea
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/archaea/archaeamm.html
Membrane Lipids of the living
Archaea
Bacteria
http://www.bact.wisc.edu/Microtextbook/index.php?module=Book&func=displayarticle&art_id=73&theme=printer
Promoter of Gene
• no Tf • Histone • Met
https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/courses-images/wp-content/uploads/sites/1223/2017/01/18201910/Figure_22_02_03.jpg
Methanogen Extremophiles Thermophiles
By 16S RNA
Read more data about archaea @ http://biology.ipst.ac.th/?p=959
(1) Halophiles in salty lakes (2) Thermoproteus in deep-sea hydrothermal vents (3) Sulfolobus in hot sulfur springs (4) Methanococcus in swamps and marshes (5) Acidianus in acidic ponds
http://universe-review.ca/I11-29-archaea2.jpg
EXTREME ENVIRONMENT
http://waynesword.palomar.edu/plsept98.htm
Saltbush scrub and cottonwood trees in Owens Valley, with Owens Salt Lake and the Inyo Range in the distance. The pinkish coloration of the water is caused by high concentrations of Halophilic archaebacteria. Image taken in August 2006.
Owens lake bed along Highway 395 south of Lone Pine with Sierra Nevada in the distance. The salt crust is colored red by dense colonies of Halophilic archaebacteria. (Bacteriorhodopsin) http://waynesword.palomar.edu/ploct97.htm https://snowbio.wikispaces.com/Halophile+Archea+%28bacteria%29
A picture of halophile archaea.
http://www.microbiologyresearch.org/docserver/fulltext/ijsem/57/10/2199.pdf?expires=1528253079&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=3AA70C0132D7B04C2E8A9200C67019FE
Proteobacteia Chlamydias Spirocheates Cyanobacteria Gram positive bacteria
https://www.scientistcindy.com/uploads/8/5/1/2/85124478/classification-of-prokaryotes_1_orig.jpg
* High diversity * Gram Negative * Aaerobic or Anaerobic * Photoautotrophs Chemoautotrophs or Heterotrophs
Proteobacteria
Rhizobium spp.
Endosymbiosis http://faculty.ircc.edu/faculty/tfischer/images/endosymbiosis.jpg http://www.bact.wisc.edu/themicrobialworld/Effects.html
Proteobacteria
Nitrosomonas sp.
http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/images/thumb/8/89/Zdrs0232.jpg/350px-Zdrs0232.jpg http://www.soils.umn.edu/academics/classes/soil2125/img/9snitrf.jpg
Proteobacteria
Chromatium sp.
http://www.hik.hu/tankonyvtar/site/books/b159/kepek/K4003.jpg
Vibrio sp.
http://student.ccbcmd.edu/courses/bio141/labmanua/lab1/images/96525g.jpg
Proteobacteria
Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus
http://www.eurekalert.org/features/kids/2004-01/aaft-tnb020805.php http://www.asm.org/ASM/files/ccLibraryFiles/Filename/000000002458/CTphoto2%20copy.gif http://www.innovations-report.de/bilder_neu/25204_bbakterien2.jpg
Proteobacteria
http://www.nexium.net/gUserFiles/HELICOBACTERPYLORI_450.gif http://www.vcharkarn.com/tech/pictures/A320/helicobacterpylori4.jpg
More info : http://h.pylori.info/
Nobel prize 2005
Chlamydia
* Animal parasite Chlamydia trachomatis : nongonococcal uretritis * Gram negative, no peptidoglycan
More info : http://www.siamhealth.net/Disease/infectious/std/Clamydia.htm
http://www.sgm.ac.uk/pubs/micro_today/pdf/050304.pdf#xml=http://www.sgm.ac.uk/scripts/texis.exe/webinator/search/xml.txt?query=chlamydia&pr=sgm&order=r&id=3eee77251e
Spirochete
* Spiral : 0.25 mm * Free living or Pathogen : Treponema pallidum : syphilis
http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/trepo.jpg http://apatheticaphid.wordpress.com/category/medical-history/
Gram Positive Bacteria
* Gram positive * Free living or pathogen
Clostridium botulinum Bacillus anthracis
http://www.snv.jussieu.fr/vie/dossiers/anthrax/01pathogene.htm http://student.ccbcmd.edu/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit1/prostruct/dkcbot.html
Actinomyces
http://www.bio-pro.de/imperia/md/images/artikelgebunden/ulm/luftmycel_338x268.jpg http://hp.brs.nihon-u.ac.jp/~kenueda/Streptomyces.JPG
Gram Positive Bacteria
http://www.compoundchem.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Aroma-Chemistry-The-Smell-of-Rain-724x1024.png
Mycoplasmas
* Smallest bacteria * No cell wall * Diameter 0.1 m (5x ribosome) * Walking pneumonia
Gram Positive Bacteria
http://www.onlinebiologynotes.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/mycoplasma-678x381.jpg
Cyanobacteria
http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios104/mike/bacteria01.htm
Photoautotrophs
Single or Colony
Nitrogen fixation
http://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/image/48165/Anabaena.gif
http://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/image/48222/Nostoc2.gif
Cyanobacteria
Special cell :
Akinete Heterocyst
http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/webb/BOT311/ Cyanobacteria/Cyanobacteria.htm
Cyanobacteria
KINGDOM MONERA
Schizophyta Cyanophyta
http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/proceuc/c27x3proc_shapes.jpg http://www.ibvf.cartuja.csic.es/Cultivos/fotos/Spirulina_sp._PCC_6313_dis.jpg http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/130/Bacteria/Cyanobacteria/Oscillatoria/Oscillatoria_MC.html