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Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 1
FEW B - UNIVERSITY QUESTIONS ===================================================================
Here Are Few Questions From Birmingham University E-Course Papers. For More Questions You Can Purchase DENTAL QUEST Book By Dr. Suresh Shenvi & Dr. Gaurav Ram Chandani. There Are About 120 Questions In That Books First Part, 2nd Part Is Yet To Be Released.
For Those Who Do Not For What These Questions Are ?
These Questions Are Important For AIIMS/AIPG As AIIMS People Used To Directly Pick Questions From These E-Course Papers. Earlier These Questions Were Available For Free Of Cost To All But Now These Questions Are Limited To Just The Students And Staff At The School Of Dentistry, Birmingham UK, Still A Website Named Http://Www.Dentaljuce.Com Offers Similar Questions At The Cost Of 79 Pounds. But In The Recent Years There Were Very Few Questions From This E-Course But Still We Cant Just Ignore These Questions. So Here Are The Questions Which I Was Able To Collect On Net And My Seniors Especially Dr. Sandeep Goyal Sir (Std. MDS Oral Pathology) .
Q1What is an amalgam 53% said
A) A mercury alloy 5% said
B) A silver alloy 10% said
C) An alloy of mercury and silver 32% said
D) An alloy of mercury, silver, tin, zinc, and maybe copper
Q2What is a dental amalgam alloy? 5%
A) A mercury alloy 24%
B) A silver alloy 12%
C) An alloy of mercury and silver 58%
D) An alloy of mercury, silver, tin, zinc, and maybe copper
Q3How much copper is in a high-copper dental amalgam alloy? 13%
A) 2 - 12 % 73%
B) 12 - 32 % 12%
C) 32 - 52% 3%
D) above 52%
Q4What is another name for a high-copper dental amalgam alloy? 20%
A) gamma 2 80%
B) non gamma 2
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Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 2
Q5Zinc is often added to improve dental amalgam properties. What happens to a zinc containing low-copper alloy if it gets moisture in it? 17%
A) It corrodes 6%
B) It contracts 62%
C) It expands 11%
D) It creeps 5%
E) None of these
Q6What happens to a zinc containing high-copper alloy if it gets moisture in it? 14%
A) It corrodes 13%
B) It contracts 32%
C) It expands 10%
D) It creeps 32%
E) None of these
Q7True or false? The gamma 2 phase of old-fashioned amalgams is weak. 88%
A) True 12%
B) False
Q8True or false? The gamma 2 phase of old-fashioned amalgams is highly corrodable. 84%
A) True
16% B) False
Q9Which of these is a mixture of lathe-cut and spherical alloy particles? 35%
A) Hybrid 56%
B) Admixed 5%
C) gamma 2 5%
D) non gamma 2
Q10True or false? Dental amalgam wears at approximately the same rate as tooth structure. 40%
A) True 60%
B) False
Q11True or false? Corrosion of dental amalgam helps to reduce microleakage. 77%
A) True 23%
B) False
Q12True or false? Corrosion of dental amalgam helps to bond amalgam to the tooth. 29%
A) True 71%
B) False
13When amalgam is polished, the metal crystals at the surface get flattened. This layer is called the -
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Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 3
19% A) Dalby layer
38% B) Beelby layer
16% C) Trilby layer
28% D) Whitby layer
Q14Why is there tin in dental amalgam? 54%
A) To slow down the reaction rate and give adequate working time 16%
B) To reduce corrosion 12%
C) To scavenge water molecules 18%
D) To give the filling strength
15True or false? Copper reacts with the Tin to create a strong phase. This prevents the tin from reacting with the mercury to create a weak phase. 80%
A) True 20%
B) False
Q16Which is the gamma 1 phase? 27%
A) Ag3Sn 62%
B) Ag2Hg3 5%
C) AgCu 3%
D) Cu6Sn5 4%
E) Sn7Hg
Q17Which is the gamma 2 phase? 17%
A) Ag3Sn 7%
B) Ag2Hg3 7%
C) AgCu 8%
D) Cu6Sn5 61%
E) Sn7Hg
Q18True or false? The reaction for low-copper amalgam is: Ag3Sn + Hg -> Ag3Sn + Ag2Hg3 + Sn7Hg 84%
A) True 16%
B) False
Q19What is the most serious problem with restoring posterior teeth with amalgam? 12%
A) Mercury toxicity 7%
B) Unaesthetic 55%
C) Lots of sound tooth needs to be removed 24%
D) Expansion can cause cusp fracture 1%
E) Short lifetime compared to many other restorative materials
Q20Which is more important when comparing dental amalgams?
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Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 4
46% A) Low creep
46% B) High compressive strength
8% C) High shear strength
Q21What is the ratio of mercury to alloy? 23%
A) 0.5 : 1 9%
B) 0.75 : 1 50%
C) 1 : 1 6%
D) 1.25 : 1 4%
E) 1.5 : 1 8%
F) 2 :1
Q22What is triturition? 92%
A) Mixing 5%
B) Packing 2%
C) Carving 2%
D) Polishing
Q23How long before amalgam forms a seal with the tooth? 10%
A) 1 hour 51%
B) 24 hours 8%
C) 1 week
6% D) 1 month
25% E) 3 months
Q24What is an amalcore? 60% said
A) An amalgam restoration that enters and plugs the canal orifice(s) 12% said
B) A cast post with an amalgam on top of it 21% said
C) A pinned amalgam core for a crown 7% said
D) An amalgam that covers the entire occlusal surface of the tooth
Q25Why is infection control so especially important in endodontics ?
7% A) To prevent cross-infection of the
operator and nurse 74%
B) To allow healing of the peri-radicular tissues 12%
C) To prevent the patient picking up infection from previous patients 8%
D) To reduce New Variant CJD transmission
Q26What is meant by aseptic technique? 45%
A) Working in a field as near sterile as possible
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Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 5
4% B) Limiting infection to the patient's
own oral bacteria 12%
C) Ensuring all micro-organisms are removed or killed as part of the procedure 39%
D) Not introducing any micro-organisms to the canal that weren't already there before you started
Q27Which is NOT a function of Rubber Dam?
1% A) Preventing saliva contamination
6% B) Improving visibility
9% C) Confining excess irrigants
50% D) Making access to the pulp chamber
easier 22%
E) Improving patient comfort 11%
F) Reducing medicolegal liability
Q28True or false? Excellent mechanical instrumentation will remove virtually all the infected tissue from the root canal system.
39% A) True
61% B) False
Q29What strength of Sodium Hypochlorite (bleach) is used for canal irrigation?
5% A) 1%
25% B) 2%
56% C) 5%
7% D) 10%
3% E) 20%
4% F) 50%
Q30What intra-canal medication should normally be placed in the canal between visits?
26% A) Ledermix (combined anti-biotic and
anti-inflammatory) 46%
B) Hypocal 13%
C) Dycal or Life 13%
D) Para-chloro-mono-phenol (PCMP) 1%
E) Paper point
Q31When irrigating with bleach, how far should the needle be inserted?
20% A) Into the pulp chamber only
9% B) 7mm from the apex
66% C) To the point just before it just binds
on the canal walls, but must be short of the working length
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Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 6
5% D) to the working length
Q32Which of these does bleach NOT do? 17%
A) Lubricate the canal 5%
B) Dissolve organic debris 8%
C) Kill bacteria 2%
D) Wash out debris 67%
E) Dissolve sclerosed dentine
Q33What needle is used for delivering bleach when irrigating a canal?
21% A) Side venting wide bore
50% B) Side venting narrow bore
10% C) End venting wide bore
19% D) End venting narrow bore
Q34About how long does it take bacteria contacting the coronal end of a very well condensed root filling to penetrate through it to the apex?
7% A) 1 day max
16% B) 1 week max
29% C) 6 weeks max
15%
D) 6 months max 32%
E) Many years
Q35If you can't get dam onto a tooth for root treatment, which solution is unacceptable?
12% A) Restore the tooth first to enable dam
placement, then drill access through the new restoration 4%
B) Crown lengthening by electrosurgery 54%
C) Working without dam 6%
D) Restoring with a copper band 23%
E) Placing the dam clamp beaks directly onto the gingiva
Q36Which of these is NOT true when Vitrebond is used as a canal orifice sealant
31% A) Hard to identify if re-treatment is
needed 34%
B) May not be fully set all the way through 36%
C) Doesn't bond well to dentine
Q37What is a hermetic seal, as applied to endodontics?
5% A) Airtight
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Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 7
11% B) Waterproof
5% C) Saliva can't pass
13% D) Micro-organisms can't pass
67% E) All of these
Q38If a patient has gingival recession, how far should the gutta percha be trimmed back before sealing the coronal?
49% A) 1mm below the level of the recession
22% B) 1mm below the ACJ
19% C) 1mm below the canal opening
10% D) 1mm below the roof of the pulp
chamber
Q39If a patient has NO gingival recession, how far should the gutta percha be trimmed back before sealing the coronal? 5%
A) 1mm below the level of the recession 52%
B) 1mm below the ACJ 29%
C) 1mm below the canal opening 14%
D) 1mm below the roof of the pulp chamber
Q40If you choose to temporarily seal the access cavity of a tooth with Kalzinol, how thick should it be? 6%
A) 1 mm 31%
B) 2 mm 42%
C) 3 mm 21%
D) 4 mm
Q41Which of these is the best material as a temporary dressing for an access cavity after endo is completed ? 11%
A) Life or Dycal 22%
B) Chemfil 46%
C) Kalzinol 21%
D) Poly-F
Q42Which of these pulp locations can be removed mechanically? 4%
A) Lateral Canals 73%
B) Pulp horns 5%
C) Cul-de-sacs (dead ends) 6%
D) Apical Ramifications 7%
E) Isthmi 4%
F) Concavities
Q43To control infection during endo, the files must be cleaned between uses. How? 16%
A) Dry gauze in a ring holder
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Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 8
4% B) Gauze dampened with water
48% C) Gauze dampened with bleach
32% D) Gauze dampened with Chlorhexidine
Q44 What does Enamel Bonding Agent (EBA) consist of? 51% said
A) Unfilled resin 21% said
B) A mixture of resins in an acetone or ethanol solvent. 6% said
C) A wetting agent and resins. 22% said
D) A mixture of priming and bonding agents.
Q45Which of these products is an EBA? 33%
A) Prime & Bond 34%
B) Durafill 13%
C) One Step 7%
D) Liner-bond 12%
E) Gluma
Q46Etched enamel does not need 'wetting' before the Enamel Bonding Agent is applied. Why not?
56% A) It has a high surface-free energy.
9% B) It has a low surface-free energy.
14% C) Enamel Bonding Agent has low
surface tension. 21%
D) The negative charge in EBA is attracted to the positive Calcium Ions in etched enamel.
Q47True or false? If a cavity margin is in dentine (e.g. some cervical cavities), EBA should not be used.
59% A) True
41% B) False
Q48What is the bond strength achievable using EBA on etched enamel? ( 1 MPa = 1kg/mm2 ) 6%
A) 1 MPa 21%
B) 5 MPa 25%
C) 15 MPa 48%
D) 30 MPa
Q49What is the approximate stress caused by polymerisation contraction of composite?
8% A) 1 MPa
53% B) 5 MPa
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Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 9
32% C) 15 MPa
8% D) 30 MPa
Q50Does the bond strength of EBA to enamel exceed the contraction stress of polymerised composite?
14% A) No
10% B) About equal
21% C) Yes, slightly.
54% D) Yes, greatly.
Q51Can a dentine bonding system be used on etched enamel?
71% A) Yes
29% B) No
Q52Which of these is NOT an advantage of EBA over dentine bonding systems?
9% A) Less marginal leakage
13% B) Better colour stability
11% C) Higher bond strength
6% D) Easier to apply
12% E) Cheaper
48% F) Less moisture sensitive
Q53A dentine 'Primer' - 8%
A) Etches the dentine 53%
B) Raises the surface-free energy of (I.e. 'wets') the dentine 22%
C) Removes the smear layer 5%
D) Bonds the composite 11%
E) Conditions the dentine
Q54A dentine 'Conditioner' - 74%
A) Removes the smear layer 6%
B) Raises the surface-free energy of the dentine 8%
C) Bonds the composite 12%
D) Thinly coats the collagen fibrils with resin
Q55The resin in EBA is usually - 22%
A) HEMA 63%
B) Bis-GMA 2%
C) PENTA 6%
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Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 10
D) Di-Methyl Methacrylate 7%
E) Methyl Methacrylate
Q56The resins in a Dentine Bonding Sytem Primer -
5% A) have a high molecular weight
11% B) are viscous
13% C) have high surface tension
71% D) are hydrophilic
Q57The solvent that helps dentine 'wetting' in DBS's is often -
6% A) Water
72% B) Acetone or Ethanol
2% C) Carbon Tetrachloride
7% D) Ethylamine
13% E) Low molecular weight resin
Q58Including etching, how many stages are involved in dentine bonding?
12% A) 2
30% B) 3
6% C) 4
51%
D) Varies with different systems
Q59What is the approximate bond strength between dentine and composite when a modern DBS is used?
2% A) 1 MPa
25% B) 5 MPa
31% C) 15 MPa
42% D) More than 15 MPa
Q60Does the bond strength to dentine when a DBS is used exceed the contraction stress of polymerised composite?
19% A) No
32% B) About equal
49% C) Yes
Q61Which of these does acid etch NOT do to dentine? 13%
A) Remove the smear layer 9%
B) Open up the dentinal tubules 12%
C) Expose collagen fibrils 66%
D) Increase the surface-free energy
Q62True or false? Dentine should be slightly moist when applying a DBS Primer.
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Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 11
85% A) True
15% B) False
Q63True or false? Enamel should be slightly moist when applying an EBA.
10% A) True
90% B) False
Q64What is the Matrix in Composite? 88% said
A) The resin into which the filler particles are inserted 8% said
B) A transparent strip which holds it against the tooth 3% said
C) The polymerisation initiator 0% said
D) An energy source for machines
Q65What is the Matrix usually made of? 8%
A) HEMA 2%
B) Mylar 2%
C) EDTA 87%
D) Bis-GMA 2%
E) Celluloid
Q66Composite: What are the filler particles made of?
24% A) Methacrylate resins
68% B) Glass
5% C) Glass Ionomer
3% D) Titanium Dioxide
Q67Composite: What is the initiator ? 15%
A) Light 41%
B) A chemical which starts the polymerisation reaction 44%
C) Either of these
Q68Composite: How are the filler particles joined to the matrix? 11%
A) Micro-mechanical retention 8%
B) Bipolar bond 77%
C) With a silane coupling agent 4%
D) The outside of the particles is dissolved and a metal ionic bond is formed
Q69True or false? Composite is naturally adhesive to teeth. 13%
A) True 87%
B) False
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Q70True or false? Higher filler loading makes a composite easier to polish. 29%
A) True 71%
B) False
Q71True or false? Higher filler loading makes a composite stronger.
91% A) True
9% B) False
Q72True or false? High filler loading results in less polymerisation contraction. 84%
A) True 16%
B) False
Q73True or false? Higher filler loading makes a composite easier to handle. 38%
A) True 62%
B) False
Q74True or false? Composite has a similar coefficient of thermal expansion as tooth tissues. 32%
A) True 68%
B) False
Q75True or false? Microfilled composite can be used for Class IV cavities. 59%
A) True
41% B) False
Q76True or false? Microfilled composite can be used for Class V cavities. 85%
A) True 15%
B) False
Q77What is the typical particle size in microfilled composite, in micrometres?
63% A) 0.04
29% B) 0.4
6% C) 4
2% D) 40
Q78What is special about a hybrid composite?
6% A) It is a mixture of Composite and
Compomer. 80%
B) It contains both large and small filler particles. 8%
C) The matrix is a mixture of Bis-GMA and TEG-GMA. 5%
D) The filler particles are a mixture of glass and Silicon Dioxide
Q79What is special about a posterior composite?
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Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 13
12% A) It is dual-cured
78% B) It is very heavily filled
6% C) It flows easily during placement
5% D) It is cured outside the mouth and
cemented into the tooth
Q80Which of these lining materials should not be used with composite?
8% A) Life
5% B) Poly-F
6% C) Vitrebond
59% D) Kalzinol
21% E) Zinc Phosphate
Q81What is the maximum thickness of composite that a curing light can penetrate?
6% A) 0.5 mm
9% B) 1 mm
79% C) 2 mm
7% D) 3 mm
Q82What is the approximate polymerisation contraction stress when composite sets?
7% A) 1 MPa
55% B) 5 MPa
26% C) 15 MPa
11% D) 30 MPa
Q83What is NOT a common result of microleakage at a composite margin?
7% A) Secondary caries
12% B) Sensitivity
17% C) Staining
64% D) Enamel fracture
Q84True or false: Compomer is a Resin Modified Glass Ionomer.
26% said A) True
74% said B) False
Q85Which of these is a compomer? 8%
A) Herculite 4%
B) Gluma 6%
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Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 14
C) Fuji IX 67%
D) Dyract 15%
E) Vitremer
Q86How does compomer set? 13%
A) Acid-base reaction 13%
B) Polymer chains cross-linked with metal ions 71%
C) Polymerisation of methacrylate resins 3%
D) Precipitation of soluble ions
Q87True or false? The acid soluble glass in compomer is silane coated.
74% A) True
26% B) False
Q88What is the most useful property of compomer?
39% A) Releases fluoride
32% B) Handles easily
29% C) Bonds to enamel and dentine
Q89True or false? Compomer is permable to water.
59% A) True
41% B) False
Q90True or false? Compomer is more colour-stable than composite.
25% A) True
75% B) False
Q91True or false? Compomer is stronger than composite.
19% A) True
81% B) False
Q92True or false? Compomer has less filler than composite.
81% A) True
19% B) False
Q93True or false? Compomer is water based.
33% A) True
67% B) False
Q94What type of material is ChemFil 5% said
A) Composite
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Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 15
6% said B) Compomer
75% said C) Glass Ionomer
13% said D) Resin Modified Glass Ionomer
1% said E) Synthetic Porcelain
Q95ChemFil's elasticity (elastic modulus) matches that of
1% A) Cementum
73% B) Dentine
12% C) Enamel
13% D) None of these
Q96True or False? Chemfil is suitable to treat erosion cavities because it is resistant to acid attack.
32% A) True
68% B) False
Q97True or False? ChemFil is suitable to restore toothbrush abrasion cavities as it has good wear resistance 25%
A) True 75%
B) False
Q98True or False? ChemFil is suitable to restore occlusal cavities as it has good compressive strength
20% A) True
80% B) False
Q99True or False? ChemFil is suitable to treat cervical caries as it releases fluoride, which may reduce recurrent caries.
94% A) True
6% B) False
Q100True or False? ChemFil bonds well to dentine.
93% A) True
7% B) False
Q101How should ChemFil be mixed when used as a restoration?
47% A) Very thick
43% B) Medium thick
8% C) Thin
3% D) Runny
0% E) Watery
Q102What is the mixing time for ChemFil?
52%
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Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 16
A) 20 sec 31%
B) 40 sec 14%
C) 60 sec 3%
D) 90 sec
Q103How does ChemFil set? 9%
A) Light cured 78%
B) Chemical cured 13%
C) Dual cured ( i.e. sets quickly with light, slowly without light)
Q104When newly placed, it is essential to protect ChemFil from moisture. How ? 19%
A) Cover with petroleum jelly (vaseline) 29%
B) 1 coat of ChemFil Varnish 43%
C) 2 coats of ChemFil Varnish 9%
D) Use rubber dam
Q105How is chemfil placed into a cavity? 29%
A) Place and pack with a flat plastic instrument, then allow to set. 28%
B) Use a matrix foil or strip to hold it in place. 43%
C) Either way is satisfactory
Q106Ideally, how long must a ChemFil restoration be left before finishing and polishing it?
15% A) 3 minutes
15% B) 7 minutes
5% C) 1 hour
65% D) 24 hours
Q107What is the minimum time before it can be finished?
14% A) 3 minutes
50% B) 7 minutes
17% C) 1 hour
18% D) 24 hours
Q108If you have to finish a Chemfil restoration on the same visit, how would you prevent heat from polishing?
36% A) Use water spray from the polishing
handpiece. 47%
B) Use vaseline on the restoration. 17%
C) Both of these
Q109True or False? ChemFil restorations normally have long term excellent aesthetics.
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Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 17
15% A) True
85% B) False
Q110What is the working time for ChemFil?
38% A) 20 sec
24% B) 40 sec
22% C) 60 sec
15% D) 90 sec
Q111True or false? ChemFil is a useful material for temporary dressings.
81% A) True
19% B) False
Q112What liquid is ChemFil powder mixed with?
33% A) Polyacrylic acid
2% B) Phosphoric acid
5% C) Unfilled resin
58% D) Water
1% E) Acetone
Q113What is the bond strength of ChemFil to Dentine ? (1 MegaPascal = 1kg / mm2) 5%
A) 0.1 Mpa 14%
B) 1 Mpa 51%
C) 5 Mpa 15%
D) 10 Mpa 15%
E) 25 Mpa
Q114Ideally, what type of margin should be prepared on a cavity before placing a ChemFil restoration?
15% A) Feather edge
30% B) 1mm bevel
55% C) Butt join
Q115True or false? Unfilled composite resin can be placed and cured as a glaze over Chemfil to protect it from moisture.
74% A) True
26% B) False
Q116True or false? Unfilled composite resin can be used as a lubricant when finishing a Chemfil restoration.
41% A) True
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Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 18
59% B) False
Q117True or false? A scalpel blade can be used to trim excess Chemfil interproximally when finishing a ChemFil restoration.
59% A) True
41% B) False
Q118Which of these would you NOT use to finish a ChemFil restoration?
29% A) Steel finishing burs
32% B) High speed diamond burs
1% C) 3M 'Enhance' polishing cup and disc
8% D) Tungsten Carbide finishing burs
9% E) Impregnated rubber points
20% F) Abrasive polishing paste
Handling Materials: ParaPost SBA - MCQ
Choose the Single Best Answer (SBA) to the questions below:
1. What is the minimum acceptable length for a post?
5mm
7mm
9mm
5mm from apical constriction
3mm from apical constriction
The same length as the crown it supports
Well done.
2. True or false? There is a higher risk of root perforation with the ParaPost technique than a custom-made post technique.
True
False
Well done.
3. ParaPost drills are - Side cutting
End cutting
Well done.
4. A black ParaPost drill has the same diameter as which size Gates Glidden drill?
No 3
No 4
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Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 19
No 5
No 6
Well done.
5. True or false? A post hole is initially prepared by stepping through ParaPost drills, then using a Gates Glidden to shape it.
True
False
Well done.
6. True or false? Tapered posts are less retentive than parallel sided posts.
True
False
Well done.
7. Approximately how many roots are curved in the apical third?
5%
25%
50%
75%
95%
Well done.
8. Why is it important to retain as much coronal dentine as possible when preparing a post crown?
To resist post rotation
To increase post retention
To reduce the crowbar effect
To provide a ferrule effect
All of these
Well done.
9. Which ParaPost is used for the impression?
The metal one
The smooth plastic one
The serrated plastic one
Well done.
10. Which ParaPost is used for the temporary crown?
The metal one
The smooth plastic one
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Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 20
The serrated plastic one
Well done.
11. Which ParaPost is used for the burn-out post?
The metal one
The smooth plastic one
The serrated plastic one
Well done.
12. Which post-hole design provides the most acceptable anti-rotation effect?
An anti-rotation notch
An oval cross section in the coronal third
A groove in the thickest wall of the root
An accessory pin hole in the root face
Well done.
13. What is the minimum thickness (width) of coronal dentine that can be left?
0.1 mm
0.5 mm
1 mm
1.5 mm
2 mm
Well done.
14. What type of impression should be used in conjunction with the ParaPost technique?
One stage
Two stage
Well done.
15. How should the impression be removed from the mouth with the ParaPost technique?
Snap action
Slowly, in line with the post
By tilting it to break the seal posteriorly
Well done.
16. True or false? The cast post should be sandblasted by the lab before it is returned for fitting.
True
False
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Well done.
17. How should the inside of the post hole be cleared of residual sealer paste and Gutta Percha strands
With a high speed handpiece
With a finishing bur on a low-speed (RA) handpiece
With a sonic scaler
With hand files and Gates Glidden drills
Well done.
Handling Materials: Acid Etch SBA-MCQ
Choose the Single Best Answer (SBA) to the questions below:
1. What acid is normally used to etch teeth in restorative dentistry?
Maleic acid
Acetic acid
Phosphoric acid
Hydrochloric acid
Poly-acrylic acid
Well done.
2. What strength of this acid is normally used to etch teeth in restorative dentistry?
1 %
5 %
10 %
20 %
35 %
50%
Well done.
3. When etching enamel, approximately how long should the acid be in place?
10 sec
25 sec
40 sec
60 sec
90 sec
Well done.
4. What is 'conditioner' ? Acid
Alcohol
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Dentine priming agent
Dentine bonding agent
Acetone
Well done.
5. When etching dentine, approximately how long should the acid be in place?
10 sec
25 sec
40 sec
60 sec
90 sec
Well done.
6. When washing the acid off a tooth, approximately how long should you spray water for?
5 sec
10 sec
30 sec
60 sec
90 sec
Well done.
7. What is the point of the water spraying?
To ensure all the acid is washed off
To ensure the calcium phosphate precipitates caused by the etching are washed away
Both of these
Well done.
8. How deep is the micro-porous layer created by etching the enamel (in micrometers) ?
0.5 - 5
5 - 50
50 - 500
500 - 5000
Well done.
9. How much general surface enamel is removed by etching (in micrometres) ?
0.1
1
10
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100
Well done.
10. How dry should enamel be after etching, and before placement of a bonding resin?
Absolutely dry
Almost dry
Slightly moist
Wet
Well done.
11. What is the appearance of correctly etched enamel?
Frosted
Blotchy
Speckled
Translucent
Well done.
12. Why is etch usually presented as a gel instead of a solution?
To make identification easier
To allow better control over placement
To enhance and concentrate the action of the acid
To make it easier to wash off
Well done.
13. Why is the etch gel coloured? To make identification easier
Legal requirement
The colour changes when etching is completed
Well done.
14. How should you protect adjacent teeth from being etched?
Rubber dam
Vaseline
Mylar matrix strip
Cavity varnish
Well done. You can also use PTFE tape
15. How should the patient be protected from the acid when it is being washed off?
Excess should be wiped off with cotton wool first
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Rubber dam should be used
Protective glasses
Full size bib
High speed aspiration
All of these
Well done.
16. How should the pulp be protected from etch in a very deep cavity?
Line it with Life or Dycal (Calcium hydroxide liner)
Line it with Life or Dycal, covered with Vitrebond (a light-cured resin modified glass ionomer)
Line it with Kalzinol (Zinc oxide / eugenol)
Protect it with Copalite (cavity varnish)
Protect it with Vitrebond
Well done.
17. What type of enamel / restoration bond is created when an acid-etch technique is used?
Chemical (Ionic)
Chemical (Hydrogen)
Chemical (Covalent)
Micro-mechanical
Well done.
Medical Emergencies SBA - MCQ #3
Choose the Single Best Answer (SBA) to the questions below:
1. A Partial Epileptic Seizure
Is also known as a grand mal
Patient may have convulsions
Is also known as a tonic-clonic seizure
Patient may hallucinate
Well done!
2. If a patient has an epileptic seizure in the dental surgery:
They should be given a muscle relaxant like midazolam
They should have a mouth prop placed to prevent tongue biting
They should be rolled onto their side.
If they vomit, this should be wiped clear from their mouth.
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Well done! Into the recovery position, to prevent fluid aspiration
3. If an adult patient is having a prolonged seizure (status eilepticus), Midazolam may be given while waiting for the ambulance. The dose is
1 mg
5 mg
10 mg
20 mg
Well done!
4. If an adult patient is having a prolonged seizure at a dental practice, Midazolam may be given:
By IM injection
By IV injection
Sub-lingually
Intra-nasally or buccally
This is the preferred route by non-specialists.
5. Hypoglycaemia is A type of unconsciousness
Low insulin levels
Low blood pressure
Low blood sugar
Well done!
6. Hypoglycaemia Is easily confused with other medical
emergencies
Occurs when the blood glucose drops below 4 mmol / litre.
Is treated by giving insulin.
Is treated by giving adrenaline
Well done!
7. A potential hypoglycaemic attack in the dental practice is diagnosed
By correctly assessing signs and symptoms
With an electronic instrument
By the failure of the patient to regain consciousness in a couple of minutes after being laid flat.
By the failure of the patient to respond to CPR
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Well done! It is a recommendation of the UK Resuscitation Council that every dental practice has a Glucose Level Monitor, as the symptoms of hypoglcaemia are easily confused with other forms of collapse.
8. An unconscious hypoglycaemic patient can be treated by giving a glucagon injection. Which of these statement is true?
It can take 30 minutes for consciousness to return.
The dose for a child is 10mg.
The patient must be given sugar on recovery.
The patient may wheeze due to fluid retention in the lungs
Well done! Glucagon is very temporary.
9. Sweating, clammy skin can be caused by:
Hypoglycaemia
Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack)
Fainting (syncope)
All the above
Well done!
10. Vomiting can be caused by Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack)
Adrenal Crisis
Epilepic seizure
All the above Well done!
THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS ARE CONTRIBUTED BY DR. RANI WADEKAR
1. What is the point of coronal flare preparation? 88%
- 1 To allow straight line access to the apical third - RIGHT. Well done!
- 2 To remove infected dentine from the walls of the canal - WRONG.
- 3 To create space for a tapered post - WRONG.
2. You notice the opening to a canal is very narrow. What should you do? 49%
- 1 Prepare the flare using Gates Gliddens, stepping back from a size 2 - WRONG.
- 2 Prepare the flare with a NiTi orifice shaper - WRONG.
- 3 Pre-enlarge the canal with hand files to size 35 before preparing the flare - RIGHT. Well done!
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- 4 Prepare the flare using Gates Gliddens, stepping down from a size 4 - WRONG.
3. How big is the tip of a size 4 Gates Glidden? 62%
- 1 Size 50 - WRONG.
- 2 Size 70 - WRONG.
- 3 Size 90 - WRONG.
- 4 Size 110 - RIGHT. Well done!
4. How big is the tip of a size 2 Gates Glidden? 58%
- 1 Size 50 - WRONG.
- 2 Size 70 - RIGHT. Well done!
- 3 Size 90 - WRONG.
- 4 Size 110 - WRONG.
5. Which of these is NOT true about Gates Glidden drills? 48%
- 1 If they fracture, they are easier to retrieve than Rotary NiTi files - WRONG.
- 2 They can be 'swept away' from danger areas like furcations, unlike most rotary NiTi's - WRONG.
- 3 They leave a smooth step-free surface on the canal wall - RIGHT. Well done! Extra smoothing (using the GG2) is needed after they have been used.
- 4 They are cheaper than NiTi's - WRONG.
6. Which part of an instrument is used to cut dentine when preparing a canal? 90%
- 1 The tip region - WRONG.
- 2 The sides - RIGHT.
7. Which statement is false? 63%
- 1 The crown down approach of NiTi orifice shapers reduces transportation of bacteria apically - WRONG.
- 2 Orifice shapers remove shavings with an Archimedes Screw action, aiding debris removal - RIGHT.
- 3 Orifice shapers are long (25mm), making them harder to use them on back teeth - RIGHT. Well done! They are usually 19mm
8. Which of these is NOT likely to occur in the absence of a good coronal flare? 63%
- 1 Zip perforation - WRONG.
- 2 Dentine ledge - WRONG.
- 3 Elbow - WRONG.
- 4 Wall grooving - WRONG.
- 5 Through-the-foramen Apical over-instrumentation - RIGHT. Well done!
9. What is a zip perforation? 63%
- 1 A perforation caused by the side of a file going round a curve - RIGHT. Well don!
- 2 A perforation caused by the tip of a file that was used too heavily - WRONG.
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- 3 A perforation of the pulp chamber floor, often caused by using an over-large Gates Glidden - WRONG.
- 4 A perforation of the pulp chamber floor, often caused by making the access cavity too deep - WRONG.
10, What can cause a ledge? 78%
- 1 Using a file that is too thick - WRONG.
- 2 Failure to create a proper coronal flare before exploring the apical region - RIGHT.
- 3 Using a file that is inflexible - WRONG.
- 4 Failure to irrigate and recapitulate between every instrument - WRONG.
- 5 All of these - RIGHT. Well done!
11. How far short of the anatomical apex would one normally prepare the root canal, in the absence of an alectronic apex locator? 74%
- 1 0 mm - WRONG.
- 2 0.5 mm - WRONG.
- 3 1 mm - RIGHT. Well done!
- 4 1.5 mm - WRONG.
- 5 2 mm - WRONG.
- 6 3 mm - WRONG.
12. When estimating the working length of a tooth: 65%
- 1 The estimate should be the same as the true working length - WRONG.
- 2 The estimate should err on the long side - WRONG.
- 3 The estimate should err on the short side - RIGHT. Well done!
- 4 It doesn't matter, because the canal preparation does not start until the true working length is known - WRONG. There's some truth in this if you are using an Electronic Apex Locater, but as a general rule, shorter is safer.
13. To estimate a working length: 42%
- 1 An undistorted pre-op radiograph is essential - WRONG.
- 2 Knowledge of the average lengths of teeth is sometimes enough, if the radiograph is distorted - RIGHT. Well done!
14. True or false: The Parallel radiographic technique provides an undistorted view of a tooth. 57%
- 1 True - WRONG.
- 2 False - RIGHT. Well done!
15. True or false: The Bisecting-Angle radiographic technique provides an undistorted view of a tooth 74%
- 1 True - WRONG.
- 2 False - RIGHT. Well done!
16. When estimating working length using a parallel technique radiograph, how much
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enlargement of the image is allowed for? 43%
- 1 None - WRONG.
- 2 1 mm - RIGHT. Well done! Modern long-cone x-ray machines do not cause much magnification.
- 3 2 mm - WRONG. Wrong. This may be true of older short-cone x-ray machines, but these are little used nowadays.
- 4 3 mm - WRONG. Wrong.
17. If a canal was curved away from the beam on a pre-op radiograph, how would this affect you estimated working length? 73%
- 1 It would be on the short side - RIGHT. Well done! You can't often tell if it is curved in this plane, but the error is on the safe side (i.e. too short)
- 2 It would have no effect - WRONG.
- 3 It would be on the long side - WRONG.
18. When estimating working length from your knowledge of average lengths of teeth and a bisecting-angle radiograph, which of these would you NOT make an allowance for? 39%
- 1 Apical root resorption - WRONG.
- 2 Incisal wear - WRONG.
- 3 Incisal fracture - WRONG.
- 4 Canal calculi (pulp stones) - RIGHT.
- 5 Elongation or foreshortening on the radiograph - WRONG.
19. Which of these is the usual reference point for a molar? 90%
- 1 The pulp floor - WRONG.
- 2 A cusp tip - RIGHT. Well done!
- 3 A rubber stop - WRONG.
- 4 A graduated 'seeker' file - WRONG.
20. To obtain the estimated working length from a Parallel technique radiograph, one subtracts how much from the tooth image's length? 39%
- 1 0 mm - WRONG.
- 2 1 mm - RIGHT. Well done. 1 to 2 is OK
- 3 2 mm - RIGHT. Well done. 1 to 2 is OK
- 4 3 mm - RIGHT. Wrong. This used to be true, but EALs and long-cone xray machines have changed all
21. For canines, it is usually safe to introduce a file: 49%
- 1 16 mm - WRONG.
- 2 18 mm - WRONG.
- 3 20 mm - RIGHT. Well done!
- 4 22 mm - WRONG.
22. For all other teeth (not canines), it is usually safe to introduce a file 72%
- 1 16 mm - WRONG.
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- 2 18 mm - RIGHT. Well done!
- 3 20 mm - WRONG.
- 4 22 mm - WRONG.
23. A tooth has apical root resorbtion. When judging the working length, the foramen will probably be: 55%
- 1 1 mm short of the apex (on average) - WRONG.
- 2 More than this - WRONG.
- 3 Less than this - RIGHT. Well done! The foramen stays in the same place while the tooth gets shorter
24. The true working length is determined with an apex locator and a size 8 or 10 file: 71%
- 1 After access to the canal orifice has been made - WRONG.
- 2 After the coronal 2/3rds has been shaped - RIGHT. Well done!
- 3 After the apical 1/3rd has been shaped - WRONG.
25. The true working length is confirmed with a radiograph using a 62%
- 1size 8 file - WRONG.
- 2size10 file - WRONG.
- 3 size 15 file - RIGHT. Well done! Sometimes a thick root (like an upper central incisor) needs a size 20 to show up on the radiograph.
- 4 size 25 file - WRONG.
26. The file should be repositioned and a new working length radiograph taken if it is short of the true working length by: 53%
- 1 1 mm - WRONG.
- 2 2 mm - WRONG.
- 3 3 mm - RIGHT. Well done! Radiographic distortion comes into play when you are this much out. However, a good EAL reading may reduce the need for repeat films.
- 4 4 mm - WRONG.
- 5 5 mm - WRONG.
27. A W.L. radiograph has a file inserted 17 mm. It is 2.5 mm short of the anatomical apex. You do not have an EAL. What is the true working length? 74%
- 1 17 mm - WRONG.
- 2 18 mm - WRONG.
- 3 18.5 mm - RIGHT. Well done!
- 4 19 mm - WRONG.
- 5 19.5 mm - WRONG.
- 6 20.5 mm - WRONG.
28. With a multi-canal tooth: 42%
- 1Each root requires a separate W.L. radiograph - WRONG.
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- 2 All roots should be measured on one radiograph, using their nearest cusp (if possible) as a landmark - WRONG.
- 3 All roots should be measured on one radiograph, using the same cusp (if possible) as a landmark - RIGHT. Well done! (but not always possible)
29. Which of these would NOT sometimes give a false reading on an electronic apex locator? 38%
- 1 Lateral canal - WRONG.
- 2 Root fracture - WRONG.
- 3 Contact with metal restoration - WRONG.
- 4 Fluid in canal - WRONG.
- 5 Canal calculus (Pulp stone) - RIGHT.
30. In endodontics, what level of accuracy is reasonably achievable with good technique? 23%
- 1 0.1 mm - WRONG.
- 2 0.25 mm - RIGHT. Well done!
- 3 0.5 mm - WRONG.
- 4 1 mm - WRONG.
- 5 1.5 mm - WRONG
31. What is mant by 'Friction Fit' ? 58%
- 1 A gentle resistance to withdrawl of the master cone - RIGHT. Well done!
- 2 A firm resistance to withdrawl of the master cone - WRONG.
- 3 A good fit of the master cone in the apical third of the canal - WRONG.
32. What is meant by 'Tug Back' ? 57%
- 1 A gentle resistance to withdrawl of the master cone - WRONG.
- 2 A firm resistance to withdrawl of the master cone - RIGHT. Well done! Tug back is a very strong form of friction fit
- 3 A good fit of the master cone in the apical third of the canal - WRONG.
33. What is the taper of a standard GP cone ? 84%
- 1 0% - WRONG.
- 2 1% - WRONG.
- 3 2% - RIGHT. Well done!
- 4 5% - WRONG.
- 5 10% - WRONG.
34. You have prepared the apical 1mm of a canal with a size 30 Master File. What size master point would you expect to fit ? 77%
- 1 Size 25 - WRONG.
- 2 Slightly less than size 30 - WRONG.
- 3 Size 30 - WRONG.
- 4 Slightly more than size 30 - RIGHT. Well done! The Master File is used until it is
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loose, so the apical diameter is slightly more than the file size.
35. What is the ISO colour code for size 25? 84%
- 1 White - WRONG.
- 2 Yellow - WRONG.
- 3 Red - RIGHT. Well done!
- 4 Blue - WRONG.
- 5 Green - WRONG.
- 6 Black - WRONG.
36. You have trimmed 1 mm off a standard size 30 cone, and found it is now a friction fit in the apical region of a canal you prepared. What is the diameter of your apical region preparation? 59%
- 1 0.28 mm (size 28) - WRONG.
- 2 0.29 mm (size 29) - WRONG.
- 3 0.30 mm (size 30) - WRONG.
- 4 0.31 mm (size 31) - WRONG.
- 5 0.32 mm (size 32) - RIGHT. Well done!
37. How wide is the tip of a size 20 master cone ? 87%
- 1 0.02 mm - WRONG.
- 2 0.2 mm - RIGHT.
- 3 2 mm - WRONG.
- 4 20 mm - WRONG.
38. You have prepared an apical region to size 25. What is the first cone you would try in ? 51%
- 1 size 20 - WRONG.
- 2 size 25 - WRONG.
- 3 size 30 - RIGHT. Well done!
- 4 size 35 - WRONG.
39. If a canal is prepared to a 5% taper, why not use a 5% master cone instead of the standard 2% when obturating by cold lateral condensation? 67%
- 1 Cold lateral condensation would be very difficult - RIGHT. Well done!
- 2 Sealant would be expressed through the apex - RIGHT.
- 3 It would be too rigid to negotiate curved canals - WRONG.
- 4 They are very expensive - WRONG.
40. Recommended master cone sizes for Upper Central Incisors fall in the range of: 61%
- 1 sizes 8 to 15 - WRONG.
- 2 sizes 20 to 30 - WRONG.
- 3 sizes 35 to 60 - RIGHT. Well done! There is of course natural variation, with calcified canals or open immature apices.
- 4 sizes 65 to 90 - WRONG.
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41. Which statement is true about an apical seat? 80%
- 1 The master cone will go further than the working length - WRONG.
- 2 The master cone stops at working length, but smaller ones go further - RIGHT. Well done!
- 3 The master cone, and smaller ones, all stop at the working length - WRONG.
- 4 The master cone will not reach the working length - WRONG.
42. Standard files have a 2% taper. What is the percentage taper you create when you 'step back' by 1mm per file? 63%
- 1 1% - WRONG.
- 2 2% - WRONG.
- 3 4% - WRONG.
- 4 5% - RIGHT. Well done!
- 5 10% - WRONG.
43. When checking the taper of a prepared canal with a finger spreader, how far would you insert the instrument? 78%
- 1 To the apex - WRONG.
- 2 To the working length - WRONG.
- 3 To 1 mm short of the working length - RIGHT. Well done!
- 4 2/3rds down the root - WRONG.
44. When checking that the taper is adequate, and that lateral condensation is possible, you should: 54%
- 1 Place the Master Cone, then check the spreader reaches the desired length alongside it - WRONG.
- 2 Place the spreader into the empty canal - RIGHT. Well done!
45, Approximately how much sealer paste would you place on the Master Cone prior to inserting it? 58%
- 1 The length of the canal - WRONG.
- 2 The length of the tooth - WRONG.
- 3 5mm - RIGHT. Well done!
- 4 2 mm - WRONG.
- 5 1 mm - WRONG.
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