augmented reality systems background and current research of ar systems dana schlesinger 2006
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Augmented Reality (AR) - Definition
“Combine Real and Computer Generated Information, Interact in Real Time and align virtual objects” (Azuma, 1997)
“The World becomes the Interface”
(Hollerer, 2004)
History of AR systems
● Early 60's: 3D see-through head-worn display (HMD), signs presented on the lab walls (Sutherland, '68).
● 70-80's: AR research at just a few institutions: US Air
Force, NASA, MIT, N. Carolina University etc.
● Early 90's: AR research at Boeing: instructions for
aircraft assembly to construction workers.
History – The emergent of Mobile Systems
The Emergent of Mobile Augmented Reality Systems
(MARS):
● Early 90's: GPS-based outdoor system, presenting
navigational assistance to the visually impaired (Loomis).
● '96: Columbia Touring Machine,outdoors guided campus tour.
● Since mid-90's: AR experience a renaissance: ubiquitous
computing, tangible UI, wearable computing.
ERGIS 2.0Enriched Reality Geographic Information
SystemFeatures:
● Wearable system
● Location-based information system (LBS)
● 6DOF (six degrees of freeddom): x,y,z,yaw,pitch,roll
● Indoors and Outdoors system
● Connection to location-based information (such as froogle, google
earth etc..)
● Client-Server connection
● Multiple users
AR Research Many of the AR publications are "application papers"
● Assembly and Construction (e.g. Feiner et al.,1999)
● Maintenance and Inspection
(e.g. Zhang et al. 2001)
● Navigation and Path Finding
(e.g. Loomis et al. 1993)
● Tourism (e.g. Cheverst et al.
2000)
AR Researchcont..
● Architecture and Archaeology (e.g. Vlahakis et al. 2002)
● Entertainment (e.g. Thomas et
al. 2000)
● Medicine (e.g. Hasvold, 2002)
● Military Training and Combat
(e.g. Tappert et al. 2001)
● Personal Information
Management (e.g Feiner, 2002)
Challenges
"..In spite of the great potential of Mobile AR, .. progress in the field was so far almost exclusively been demonstrated in a growing number of prototypes.."
(Hollerer, 2004)
Challenges
Position Tracking:
● Sensor fusion (electronic compass, gyroscope, tilt
sensor)
● Camera support
● Closed-loop tracking vs. Open-loop tracking
● GPS : from simple GPS to Differential GPS, and
Real Time Kinematic GPS
● WiFi location calculation
Additional Challenges
● Human Interface
● Wearable backpack
● Low power support
● Physical objects with Location-based metadata
● Lighting and brightness of the outside, different
weather conditions etc..
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