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ANTI=APARTHEID NEWS

ANTI=APARTHEID NEWSNewspaper of the Anti-Apartheid Movement. Price . ADril 1971The Church in South Africa page 3.

ACTION-~NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONALBritainWestland demoABOUT 300 supporters of the AntiApartheid Movement demonstrated outside the Hayes factory ofWestland Helicopters, the manufacturers of the Wasp helicopter which Heath intends to supplyto South Africa on March 20.The rally outside the factory was preceded by a march through Hayes shop.ping centre, and Saturday afternoonshopers were greeted by shouts of 'Arms'for Vorster -OUT; Arms for Freedom- IN', and 'Stop the Wasp'.Bob Hughes, Labour MP for Aberdeenchaired the open-air rally, which took p lace on a stretch of wasteland in front of the arms factory. The walloverlooking.the rally had been painted by an unofficial group of opponents of arms sales with the slogan 'No Arms forSAVictory to ANC'.Bob Hughes, after giving a carefullydocumented account of increasing British involvement in apartheid, emphasised that 'Nothing in this worldwill stop the people of South Africa from getting their fredons It is a question, though, of how much theywill have to pay for that freedonm'.Ernie Roberts, of the AmalgamatedUnion of Engineering Workers, said that the fight against arms sales was a fight against the Torygovernment. 'We are responsible for the government and its acts just.as the German people wereresponsible for the acts of the Nazis'.John Gaetsewe, of the South AfricanCongress of Trade Unions, outlined the malnutrition and suffering endemic among the rural and urbanworkers of South Africa. 'The day will come when we can march in freedom in South Africa,' he said. 'I amcalling on you to support usin our struggle to reach that day.'Pat Lyons. of the Draughtsmen andAllied Technicians Association, said that there were over 200 members of his union working over the wallin the Westlandfactory. He claimed that the threat of redunancy if the Wasp, contract was not accepted was a Tory redherring 'What's putting our members out of work is thatl the capitalist class ate not prepared to in-' vestenough money in this country, because they want to make a killing in South Africa and exploit the blackman for super profits. The arms are an excuse for the British capitalist to make an even bigger killing inSouth Africa, We want no arms to South Africa. We want an end to exploitation in South Africa. We warnno Wasps made on the other side of thatwall'SharpevillecommemorationTHE ANTI-APARTHEID Movementheld an open-air meeting at Speakers Corner, Hyde Park, on Sunday, March 21, to commemorate themassacre atSharpeville eleven years previously.

The main part of the afternoon's proceedings was a dramatised reading from statements illustrating therecord of the Labour and Conservative governments on the question of the sale of arms to South Africa.The readers were Carmen Monroe, Graham Chapman, GeorgeMelly and Cosmo Pieterse. The script, which also aimed to give some indication of the meaning ofapartheid, had been prepared by a number of people, including Paul Foot, Barbara Rogers and AnneDarnborough.Speeches were given by Rev. PaulOestreicher. Vicar of Blackheath; Stan Newens, the chairman of Liberation: and Joan Lestor, MP forSlough and Eton, and vice-chairman of the Ati-ApartheidMovement.I The meeting was chaired by John Sprack, co-editor of Anti-ApartheidNew$.HitchinA NORTH Herts Anti-Racialst Group his been set up as a result of a meeting held in Hitchin on March 14.The meeting w as called by the Hitchin Indian Workers' Association to work oat how to combat a marchbeing orgaised by the National Front in Hitchin on March 27.It was attended by a widely representative range of groups, inctuding the Letchworth and Stevenage TradesCouncils, the Letchworth and Hitchin branches of the Indian Workers' Association, the local Action Groupagainst racism, Hitqhin Council of Churches, the Labour Party Young Socialists, the Young Communist'League, the British Council of Churches, the Communist Party, and the Anti-Apartheid Movement.The meeting decided to hold a non-violent counter-demonstration to the National Front's march and to setup a permanent group.LeicesterLEICESTER Inter Racial Solidarity Coinmittee held a march to protest agalest the Tories' new ImmigrationBill on Saturday, March 13. It assembled at Spinney Hill Park at 2 p.m. and marched through thepredominantly immigrant area of the city.Local press and police estimates of the numbers taking part were about 800. Many young Asians and WestIndians joined the march on its route.One of the good things about the demonstrations was the unity of purpose which brought together manydifferent organistions. Among them were the Young Communists, Young Socialists, InternationalSocialists, local Labour Parties, local Sikh Temples, the Indian Workers' Association, Indian and PakistaniAssociation, the Black Peoples' Liberation Party and Socialist Women.The least pleasing part of the afternoon was the attention the demonstration attracted from Colin Jordan andhis British Movement. Jordan followed behind in his Land Rover flying the Union Jack and calling on 'allBritons-to keep England white for the sake of their children'.MHnbers of his gang stood along the route of the march. Their open provocation led to the arrest of twocomrades - a young Indian and a member of the International Socialists.Progressive and immigrant group havethus made the point to the people of Leicester that in a multi-racial city we are not prepared to accept therepressive and flagrantly discriminatory measures which Maudling and the Tories are proposing,Kensington AAMKENSINGTON and Chelsea Anti-Apartheid Committee's AGM has been postponed to Monday, April 19,at Tot H, 24 Pembridge Gardens, London WI 1.It will begin with a showing of the filni 'Witnesses', followed by Abdul Minty, Hen. Secretary of the AntiApartheid Movement, and discussion of the group's future activities. Everyone welcome.Further details: Eddie Adams, 13 Cornwall Crescent, London Wl I Tel: 229 1155.York AAMYORK Anti-Aparthlif Movement is to hold, its inaugural meeting on Monday, April 26, at 7.30 prm. atKings Manor, York, The main Speaker will be John Oaetsewe, London Representative of the South AfricanCongress of Trade Unions. I Everyone interested in helping to foin the branch contact : Paul Blomfield, 3The Link Copmanthorpe, York.Mid-Sussex AAMALTHOUGH Mid-Sussex Anti-Apartheid group has existed for nss than a year, its Secretary, Mrs ConnieMager, was able to report an impressive list of activities to its Annual General Meeting on March 16.

Most of the AGM was taken up with discussion of future action and plans were laid for a local consumerboycott of South African goods, participation in local events, the writing of letters to the dependants ofdetainees and a big drive to sell AntiAps'theid News.The guest speaker at the AGM wasRoger Trask of the Anti-Apartheid Movement, who warned of the dangers of letting the sale of Westlandhelicopters to South Africa'go without public protest. He argued that both South Africa and manyConservatives in Britain wanted some form of South Atlantic Treaty Organisatios that would fully commitBritain militarily to South Africa.A new committee was elected at the meeting which was attended by over 30 people.Further details of the group's activities: Mrs Connie Mager, 27 Balcombe Road, Haywards Heath, Sussex.Southend AAMSOUTHEND Anti-Apartheid Group is,planning an evening of mime poetry and folk to commemorate the eleventh anniversary of the Sharpevillemassacre, on April 5 at the Liberal Hall, Clarence Road, Southend.. 4On April 26 there will be a film evening, organised in conjunction with CND, showing 'Dumping Grounds'.On June 7 Mrs Adelaide Main will speak on 'Tbe Liberal Party of South Africa' at 84 Station Road,Southend.Southend Anti Apartheid also publish a. magazine 'Treason', price 6d. Current issue contains articles aboutthe World Council of Churches and Liberation in Southern Africa, on the South African Immorality Act,and on'what is involved in commitment against apartheid, and gives news of Southead AA's activities.Further details: Graham Longley, Chairman Southend and District Anti-Apartheid Group, 364 SouthchurchRoad, Southen~d. Tel: 01-480 7902 (9.30 to 4.30).BarclaysFOUR anti-apartheid activists made sure that school-leavers who attended a Barclays ,recruiting evening atits Kentish Town branch on March 18 sheard the case gaist working for Barclays as well as for it.They quietly handed out leaflets to the 40 scho5ol-leavers attending util they were intercepted by theBarclays Manager and aked to leave.Afterwards six girls, all black, who had attended the session, said they would not consider working forBarclays and another said that she would withdraw her account.NUR blacks coalTHE NATIONAL Union of RaflWayinen have suceeded in stopping the d-eliery of 2,500ae tons of SouthAfrcan coal a ts c sgnee, the Bristol Meehaised Coal Coospany Ltd. "The coal was due to arr ve in Avnuiiu on March 11 on board the 'es Builren'. NUR members refuned toallow rail wagons into Avonmeouth docks for the off-loading of the coal and the ship had to be re-routed toAmsterdam.it now serm pirohable that the coal will ha pce-pcked, by a firm clled Lowel Baldwin Ltd, and thenbrought into Britain and gold in British supermarkea& The National Coal Board has a controlling I.terest inLowell Baldwin and an will be implicated in imports of South African coal.NewcastleNEWCASTLE Community Relations Council has become the first CRC to affiliate to the Anti-ApartheidMovement. Now that the connection between the government's 'policy on race in Britain, shown in itsimmigration Bill, and collaboration with white South Africa is becoming clearer, it is hoped that otherCRCs will follow suit.Labour action.FRANK ALLAUN MP, Chairman of the Labour Action for Peace, and Albert Booth MP, Vita President,have written to the Chancellor of the Exchequer asking him to use the occasion of the Budget to cut downmilitary expenditure, including money spent on the 'defence' of the Cape, and to reallocate the money savedto an increase in old age pensions, to education and to improvements in the National Health ServiceActionvSACentrePLANS TO set up a South African 'trade Centre in a building in St. Martins Lane, near Trafalgar Square,have been aband-oned after a series of actions which attacked the project.At the end of last November two-foot high slogans were painted on the outside walls of the block whichwas to house the Centre. A few weeks later smoke bombs were let off inside the Centre's main show' roomand the building was filled with orange smoke. Fire alarms were set off throughout the building and twofire engines arrfved outside.

Then more.slogans appeared on the outside of the building and an attempt was made to gum up the lockswith a quickdrying alloy.The latest incident was when rubbish which had been stacked in the porch of the building caught fire.When plans for the Centre were first announced by SAFMARK, a South African .market researchorgansation, last September, its director said 'Naturally, we anticiarte some form of demonstration when theyatete opens, but I doubt whether anything iwill be permitted to build up that would 'threaten businessoperations'.'Defence and AidMeetingCLUTTON-BROCK, in his first public speech in Britain since he was deported frot Rhodesia in February,told a packed audience in the Central Hall, Westminster on March 22, that whites in Rhodesia hadbecome obsessed by greed and fear. and that they justified their racism *by calling those who opposedthem terrorfSts.Guy Clutton-Brock said that Britain bore a responsibility for what was happening in Southern Africabecause it was making a living from the money it had invested there. People in Britain must stop British bigbusiness strengthening South Africa with capital and with arms.Rev Colin Davison, who spoke after Guy CluttonBrotck, was also making his first-public appearance in Britain after being deported from South Africa last month.He said the situation so Soulh Atrica wa-s far worse than words could express. The South Africangoverment was pus suing a policy of systematic extermination of people. Whole communities ware beinguprooted and just dumped in the'veldt, with inadequate to -I supplies, little shelter and no medical care.Lord 0i nord, Chairman of the Committea for Freedom in Mozambique, Angola :and Guine, who openedthe meeting, said that the wars in the Portuguese colonies were an inseparable part of the fight againstracism in Southern Africa. Dame ayBl Thoradike said that the world would be a much more borng place ifthe colour of everyone's skins was the same.Jeremy TIhorpe MP told the meeting that Heath's decision to sell arms to Sooth Africa betrayed thepolitical prisoners in South Africa's jails, condoned the murders at Sharpeville and drew a sinister veilaround deaths like that of Imam Haroun, who was murdered by Security Police in March last year.Hilda Bernstein appeaTed to everyonepresent to support the work of the Detenceand Aid Fund.The meeting was organised by the Defence and Aid Fund to mark the eleventh anniversary of theSharssville shootings and was chaired by Canon Collins.IrelandIrish AAMitE IRISH Anti-Apartheid Movementiras been active over the past month. On Sunday March 21 it held acommemoration service for the 69 Africans shot dead at Sharpeville. The service was conducted by FatherAustin Flannery.Irish AAM's Cork branch held a meetingon Saturday March 20 in the University College, Cork, at which the main speakers were Father AustinFlannery, Chairman of the Irish AAM and Kader Asmal, ViceChairman.The Movement is planning to hold itsantal flag day, to collect money for the dependants of political prisoners in South Africa, next month. Manymembers who sent Christmas cards to the families of political prisoners have received letters inreturn and requests for help.Contact: The Hon. Secretary, AntiApartheid Movement, 173 Barton Road East,Dublin 14.

'THERE IS NO clash between Church and State' in South Africa, said Vorster after a meeting with theSouth African Councit of Churches last month. The leaders of the South African churches would be thefirst to agree with him.In spite of routine condemnations of apartheid, the leaders of the churches in South Africa have no realstrategy for overthrowing it. They even practise race discrimination in their own administration andstructures.The ferment among churchmen which resulted in the World Council of Churches' grants to guerrillamovements last September has passed South Africa by.

John Rees, the South African Council of Churches' Secretary, told the WCC's Central Committee that thegrants were 'a tremen. dors setback' to those working for nonviolent change in South Africa: 'Our work isregarded with suspicion and the progress of missionary work has been hampered.' He asked 'Who in theworld decided that it was time to se the last resort? What happened to Reconciliation and Love? Has theworld body become impatient? Do we want to change things dramatically and violently ovemight?'The Anglican Bishop of Johannesburg, Bishop Stradling, welcomed Vorster's 'no clash' statement and didnot contradict him when he went on to say 'I agreed to consider allowing a deputation of the World Councilof Churches to come to South Africa for the specific purpose to give the South African Council - whoassured me they are violently opposed to the assistance of the World Council of Churches to terrorists - anopportunity to confront the World Council of Churches with this abhorrenit action and thus enable them tomake recommendations to their respective churches regarding their future relationship with the WorldCouncil of Churches'.Vorster is willing to allow the South African Council of Churches to meet the WCC because he knows thatthe South African Churches pose no real threat to the government.Instead of evolving a real strategy for change, the Engish-speaking churches have preferred to algnthemselves with thei _oa to-lvo 'in rttmen)a to vote the light ofCh rhis principles'. Essentially this was a call tovote against the Nationalists and for the Progressive Party,since the parties which advocate racial equality have been banned or harassed out of existence.HItoriculty it is the Anglican church which has been most tied in with the Englitsh-speaking 'establismnt'.In the Anglican church in particular the move to break with the establishment and t transform the churchinto a genuinely multiracial institution has come from the church's Coloured and African members. But ithas been largely defeated.In October 1967, three anti-apartheid motions were put before the Cape Diocesai Synod of the AnglicanChurch meeting in Cape Town,The first, proposed by a Coloured priest. Rev. C H Albertyn, asked that a chapter be added to the Acts ofthe Synod decreeing that no racial discrimination would be allowed in the life of the diocese and thatnotices to that effect be displayed in every church.The second motion called on the Synod to declare that apartheid was morally evil and to request theArchbishop of Cape Town, the Most Rev. Robert Selby Taylor, to ask parents and Sunday School teachersto make this known to children, including confirmation candidates, as an indispensable part of theirteachingThe third motion, proposed by another Coloured priest, Re, Clive McBride, asked thatbecause the MeiedMarriages Act (which prohibits inter-racial marriages) was agains Christ's teaching, il clergy of the churchshould resign as marreage officers of the State.All three motions were heavily defeated.Since then little has been done to root out race discrimination in the Anglican chUrch's own St rctare.The church pays its Coloured and African clergy less than its while clergy. According to an Airicanclergyman, Rev. T Nsledi, tn 1968 an African minister with eight yearsWhile coitdenming the WCC's grunts the Church of tire South African Province's meeting in November1q70 adaittet that it hd 'failed to remove racial prejudice within its ranks'.The Roman Catholic Church's Establishment has not even been willing to make public condemnations ofapartheid. The Roman Catholic Archbishop of Cape Town, Cardinal McMann, refused to sign the January1970 'Christian Election Manifesto' on the grounds that 'the leclion is a matter for the electorate to decide',As in the Anglican Church black priests have protested that the Roman Catholic Church 'pretends tocondemn apartheid and yet, in practice, they cherish it'. In January 11970 five African priests published asatement asking the Roman Catholic hierarchy to open ip new avenues for African priests, ssch as serviceon the Church's national commissienus and to create a diocese of Soweto which would have an Afeicnbishop.The priests said that the Church, 1practised sgregation in her seminaries, convtfits, hospitals, schols,monasteries, assoctions, and churches, lon before the prese Gover.n.ei. legislated against socIalt Lteoralion.The bishops, 'priests and roeliis- aure divied on the question of alpar eheid.,Unlike the Anglicant church, she Russianexperience earned £36 a month, while a 'white minister of exactly the same status .received £ 0..

Whsite congregations have refused to accept clergy of other raes. Many Anglicaneruch schools refuse toaespt black pupils. At 'the Cape Town diocese's 1968 Synod themajority of lay delegates argued that the church had no legal control over its schools and that the decisionwhether or "not to admit black pupils, should be left to the schools' governing bodies. I When theArchbishop of Caterburyvisited South Africa last year be was told by Rev Clive Me Bride: 'There are opportanities for white peoplein the world of cnommerceindustry,banking and the Church. At Church House, in Cape Town, there is notone black clerical worker and never has been, In most diocesan administrations only the sweepers and thetea bdys are black.'if five people in a parish, let alone 5 per cent, are white, a black man is not allowed to work there. Whitesare often appointed in black parishes but blacks are never appointed in white parishes, not even asassistant curates.'Never in the history of St George's Cathedral in Cape Town has a black man been on the staff. . we havemulti-racial ordinations and that is where it ends.'people must worshipPresbyterians in St into three churches Church of Souther nonrinally multi-raci of whose niembers ai blackBantu Presby Tsonga PresbyterianA large section Church of Southern plans in September that they would crea in the church.Alone among tf non-conformist chur have refued to make strut opposing apartThe Baptist UnTio aaritheid statement 1968 by the South Churches on the grou and attitudes of an rattersdo not enter being justified by faiIn JaIuary 1970 refused ts sign th churchmen's hrisitiaThe Afrikaner pe, are divided assong t titrated Churches. -1 stream, church is th' fornieerde Kerk (NGMinister Vrster's hr The NGK is closelyCatholic church ha kaner membership.The Methodisit C has played a hlt Methodists came to sioni re and bei largest mission chu 12 per cent ofSt people belonged toBut like the Ang Catholics, black an South Africa for I separately,. and the black fellow-church any realteeth to position to aparthe.In 1967 white dists opposed the d can Methodist Mis draw more than £6 York bank which-i the South'African gThe Chairman of vaul district of the h Stanley Pitts, said tended a meeting of 'We South African great dealof hot a ge-nts. The views of very biased'In our country is a multi-racial bas a substantial Afri- ist Party and can he relied upon to support Nationalist policy.'hurch in Souh Africa The Nederduits Hervormde Kerklerent historical role. (NHK) has about 185,000 white (and o South Africa as mis- 30,000 black) membersand operates :ame South Africa's almost exclusively in the Transvaal. rch. Still, in 1960, over It wassharply split in the mid-1960s outh Africa's African over NHK leaders' 'attack on the liberal the Methodistchurch. Christian Institute, and in 1967 several of licans and the Roman its most prominent membersresigned and d white Methodists in moved over into the Presbyterian, church. he most part worshipSince then the NHK has moved sharplypresefice of io many to the right, and in February 1968 its men has failed to give Moderature issued astatement pledging white Methodists' op- the NHK's full support to the verkrampte id,Herstgtg Nasionale Party.outh African Metho- The third and smallest of 'the Dutchecision of the Ameni- Reformed churches, the Gereformeerde ,sion Board to with- Kerk van SuidAfrika (KSA), more million from a New commonly known as the 'Dopoers' is evencsn co-operating with more obscurantist than the NHK. overnment All three Dutch ReformedChurchesthe Southern Trans- broke with the World Council of Methodist church, Rev Churches after beinginstructed to by hat when he b~ad at- Verwoerd in 1961. f the WCC in Britain The English-speakingchurches havehad to listen to a denounced apartheid while continuing to ir from other contin- practise it: themainstream of the Dutch other delegates were Reformed Churches have wholeheartedly endorsed it.the Methodist church

ady, even though the But the most telling evidence of theway in which the churches have failed to transcend the dominant social ethic of white superiority is the factthat their black members have deserted them.The last 20 years have seen a steady drift of African Christians out of the white-dominated churches andinto inde-' pendent churches of their own' making.Membership of the African Independent Churches grew from 761,000 or 9.6 per cent of the total Africanpopulation in 1946 to 2,188,303 or 12 per cent in 1960, according to figures collected by the South AfricanInstitute of Race Relations. At the same time the proportion of Africans who belonged to the Methodistchurch, the largest of the mission churches, fell from 12.9 per cent to 12 per cent The African IndependentChurches cover a wide range of beliefs and practices. Some have seceded from white mission churches andhave retained the organisational structure and teaching of their parent churches,Others d Ce from the American Christian Catholic Apostolic Church in Zion. The Church in Zion wasbrought to South Africa by an American missionary around the turn of the century. Since then it hassplintered into many sects Other of the Independent Churches have retained the structure of the ChristianChurch, but have replaced Jesus Christ by another Messiah or Saviour, so they can no longer be recognisedas Christian. Some look towards the coming of a black Chr'ist, somee expect salvation from an existingleader, and others anticipate the transformation of the world. I In the last few years the African IndependentChurches have been moving towards a greater degree of co-operation. The African Independent ChurchesAssociation was established in 1965. By separately' 1966 about 100 churches were affiliatedouth Africa are split to it, and it was in contact with another s thu Presbyterian 250 churches.Africa which is ' This move away from the whiteal bet the majority dominated churches has been reflected ine white: and the all- the attitudes of black clergy who have yterian Church and stayed inside them.Delegates at a theChurch. ology seminar at Roodepoort, Transvaal.of the Presbyterian last month, criticised the standard ot ofrica opposed unity training of Africantheological students 1969 on the grounds in white-dominated seminaries and said te, a black majorityAfrican theologians sieeded to be trained to 'think and reflect the African experth English-speaking ence'if their theology wag to be relevant rches the Baptists to the black community. even a verbal state- Allthis is not to say that African held. leaders like Chief Albert Luthuli haven opposed us anti- not been profoundly influenced by theirissued in November Christian beliefs.African Council of Or that individual church leaders likeunds that 'The views Bishop Trevor Huddleston. or Ambrose individual in racial Reeves, Bishop ofJohannesburg during into the realm of his the Treason Trial in 1956. or Edward th'. Crowther,Bishop of Kimberley andthe Union's leaders Kuruman who was deported from South he English-speaking Africa in 1967. havenot played their full it Election Manifestl part in the fight and thrown their full pie of South Africa weightbehind the liberation movement. he three Dutch Re- But despite the many people insideTho biggest, main- them who have stood out against nparth Nederduils Gere- held, the churches asinstitutions have K). of which Prime failed, and continue to fail, to pay any'other is Moderator. more than lip-service to the Christian tied to the National- ideal of the brotherhood ofman.Z,4crc 4a bi no CqU(Ttit c4urI'M

LORD blELCRET Liairnm of thefitlls kw!e Coeqatatlon Ne pfasidedoer the deal by whldh the USC h~eatowkel of tig itot Afliot e to 0 ¶N EtI- tS foMAXLT APQ.oteroIeCotpte~ batseaoser Me e åb * af hyht tot Oitatls a the~ 0 BriItUi sti Corpotioss's tse Vk. Cthe a Instilsone , s l fbyhan Statefroaaslat th Pti LM__tIm wt .ei" ltlrn . k i loc. 1 of h ditectir oF the mereharthaers il Sä131 Co ~. Ht is. dm mblé ai loe ofivAsm ei e Ciommitie that: diteets the SC Gr1moe thant 15 per cent of who s. 4h for oet f tetlats forthe plita£4Mfi1 fiyt ~ se Ifron iheaoth Af.touio åtrets case of iian h et m Soot <éc. a n dto ,How thBCsold

out to apar theid.(N AUGUST larst year the British Steel Corporationi hantded coritröl of itt South Afriosto holdings toISCOR, the South, A*kn starte-'bwled trot, and Stået Corporation. ISCOR A son, of the.rnylii Iitrmail wfild the NationalMI g~WlWi.~ ugn8 to trilatl thäSouth Afrloaec~onoroy and to entorce it&ap aheid poli~. ANTI-APAR'THEID NEWS exarnilies how the.dal ~MnthUroiigh sid how the Tofy oovwnm.t, this tinne througi tl,.Operations of di British naIoUIIad Indu*ty, hat unc. &pn given aportheid fts otur and priacial sup~t'.UHL02k the Drt and Steel Act of 1 467, the British Statt Co~roaior tok o-erf-1.te- majör IJhoasteelmlttomfpaifis, matty tillt rbi ini South Aft- n0d Rhodesta. As -1ol as shaet it.tOttior South Afri-n cooipapes, t ford Itat! with , tf0 per ceft hodfrg i.haidwi ti ,t[he econcl tafUe t tel liockttioldor in Souith Africa, . 49 pr, cent hold1lg to St«w.tt, old Ltoyd,of Sou.th Aftis, 9outh Afics largost ärthosfatr If tubes and pipes ..d . C~ per cent holdiog toi Dottnein Lotng(Af.ica, South Aftca'sSt milliorn.-dat£5 hilin R.detiä tho British Ste.t Corporationmt4urod a shotlfy-owned subidiary, Lantashire Stee.(tc(hdesäta> t 1969 6t atAtd that, be-n of å h etioo, itbad bad abstcly 00 loftt with, Lancashiro 't,[ aoid tt s.w n. 0.e to repat t Ihis stat.enort jo jt t,69 Aossattapart, tor t. ccPlsir what it, Positiont w. to rCiaticn to a secott XhWodsiat eubsriay sthib it bad onty justThe Brtlish Sttaty Corporationi ~Iud hfvsold out its shAres l. South Afric., At tho Very I-tt it cot.ev pttho ~roitspaisjo whldts it bad hhres inside tho 'fra"eiattrptiso' ,apit.tat camp. With . littledasvro itC-u1d hav, oht.ired tbtextta 7 par anat hölding it .,edd to gami cotiftcyt of itorolso Lottg (Africa> and st could have come to a0agreermant with Anglo-Atorti vrhla hold tho ~flotdlargeet shlare - 35 per cent joi StewartsanstdLloyd, f Sotiath AfricaIsedteBritish Start Coporatsostshios. to s.rterdar controt of thes. corrpastes to ISCO R, lo rotistli for a 35 par centholditig in a atistropattt,ttoniolMJo 4 ndsteotivettot South AfricaloS),i whidel ISC<5E otots, . coitroltn50par cent, Bitiosh Steet corporationh.nded er to IPSA iias thrt. in Ottwars r nd Llods and jo D.,osm Long, IPSA te. holis cöopany wicih oow öos 52 per sent of Stewart, and Lloyds,,52 par cent of D-tman Löttg and 12 par cent of va......o (Dor5afl Gigs Stateowoed Cecmeio>As a secorspart of thoe deal the British Statt Corporation handod aovea Baldwins to Stewart and Lloyd and the S.outh Afficait g.sortiset ibroo to Tribe and Pipa Ind.,tsesSteirrt and Lloyd'sT.udrtr the significert. of thoBritish Steel Corporation's bond over to ISCOb., otr 0.04, ta takea sctoser torsk at the rött ISCOIS pisys intho South Africatseconomsy.Any strogth..ieg of ISCOR Aids South Afica goverorffet stfategyin to hrec was. tt fatrihort its aiOt ofdomtoatiog the rest of Afica thro.gh c-nottat tttpet'tllsOti; it persvidet tomr lesers for tackrling thetedh~ooöy, atid It gives th. goövenstt eddled .wapouts för itse agänast the hig non'Afik.asss capitalisti.Steol prorltstion ha, lorig hoon crtsideed c ~senttal pair of lndopotdent Csot~~i devtlopttiemt besasas tt isvital io prAatltally aivery manuf.ct.udng liaty, tt It i South Africa'sififiteior, that A,,ittle statt as possilyfeshatt bo Podosed to o:ther Åtrti& cpsstrles in ordet t. caerease thocir dopeodoet ~t theh.ppeot occu~fe fast yeer wlien ICO cotiractod to suppty r4a[åwi woith iet products st 15 per tent halowthetrdomoslti prics et a time SfhO thor. was »0 erieionnstager of stol ifo S-0th Afbca,ISCOR was tisef fousded --in P929 in rstoe to prömoto induti&[ orlpm by ssrpptytogtcheap iteol, and it håot lt.ed t. e ssed ever inrtc fot tho sars.hava gseo thiri itaro of south Africatt steel prodsetlort fatl to t0 partcant of the total, its doilo till lh-t. ,c-tiål itpast, Mot imoportant is tho syeat by sthtth ISCOR sats with ilie gosatoosaf cosstfolltd prices fo, stettpiosats. ThIs tovolvs a tita cae.lti.no weighirig toflatloosty offeats, th, balåtts. of paytttobts end tho rie todmo st. the odrentry bTy ctatillng entaY to tae privat, astlo of tho, tdustry.

'lise 15 par cett pris. tho wbill, WDCOidr ]se ast Inly was tho litst slgttiisat change lo tho prisa of South Afti, an 17"e: fo, tt years, andSouthbAfficnt siel isstill tho ch,åacsl in tho world.l SCORholpeotto itflation to otherwayr. tn 196B ISCOR't thoen Chåiitsas, 11 s att Fck, sroottced that ISCOR would dtsy buldinsg a thirdsteiworks to heip tIhe gos'otnmott in its ittsires, agaiot ieflatiotn.As a retult o1fits service tö the State, ISCf55's rttm n capital is . htierthte 2 , per t in ns ~ornoy where weilover l0 par set is ncceded ts attrast tovesimot fro ovoras. Thtt, is the pojot at whish ISCOR has, cot iderattaå,k fromt the rorState eto, of the South Afrie.fa cro omy.Aceording to the yonevrte Miti ISCI>R has imtirodaced 'distotons' toto the ecory. It bas argtad that thetime has ,.Mo to stop to..ting 'o. of South Africa's mfost valtaahl o rsoarco as as instrsiuet of pruly' cAd tosart 'rogordisgitt at a.ssos tohich meost maho pi-ofit'.*ISCiO's, ih irodiarctto of . prsi. was mild cooressos to thot kitnl of cmpl..ts,. snd was designted coly toesare a tootpöray rina in the cappty of capital.Tho r-b, thot tho British Ste Corpstiost ptay,, in tho frtist orny is tfuite differot from the ~oI, that ISCORplys itt the South Affisei. No ted fl.gs we- tiown wheo tho gosetotesot reIat laied h hig British rtat;cotpants in 1967, And tighIty so, hesc.s htttesd of 550010v toståd9 socialserastnddmp,ýite repation of tho1949rttmcabouit 'csptainri tho ~nrirnanding holghtsl of tItt ~comy' the goserntmestt otlectirt .as to sh11- thotesttao-captåljst miooopsiy wosits be 'more afficient, to an'esossonlrac censtharro fl ilt4iÉ *I hed on private s tal. S-byitg wete t. dodluedflisto the heålaede of pi>wer, hetw.ett !Lre govefo)meotan th le "fIish S5l tC.,portoi set dot in tho 1967 Att,thoe politicat orletiAtions of hoth are criscel( to tho disostlots that the Corporattott takes. Smalt wottsiorthon at tth. toncatbt st t Labouor .roi Otlitet it ttar ripported Lord Metohett (e dlrector Of the motrlhbotboohert,fimt Chaitmiss. Sfeflbtt has receotly oaophattsed his trucecol~s *helt theo Toles cass. to poser hr, tobleodOtt fb.n.geriat stlyte, ctanp theO tsatshud of ty ie isCorpration have given prtiority to prfits as the kol, to tespastahillty and plogess tinp"t thott etoitns thratthey itnd to-8,1 c tire boffisleot and socially top.e ibOtle- 'utlisatott of heniranresoceSloc the Tories coto.e to posthiey hava lhad, plats th.t tlle wosld itt ldt.c cell off the Jfritlis Sttt C.rpctkm,pmofltaitle asseo ti tha c lf (roaälty la ,>ngtr,.etiohl talgineerlog atsd ohooliscis, allogedl* cou th, groandsth0 atitoneltito is bad pet st.Vet in South Aftife the Tory govocopent is prepared1 to back State coitrol by asisliog tito g-varisroesti t.takt o1vtr mtarets0os womtbi (50 million. Wheur the ido.16gy of fre tytorprho sc ,pposadi to tho id uotogyof white stpremary, itris tho ittöday Club that wtos, What of titt Brittish Stool Corporatbc', oth,, orost inth deal, tf il ~at reatty e.pet to rttak, a..y Additiotsal pröfit"Soth tho (teesin and tho Iohes ,rtrog srar tco a political pi.6 Thay erg.l that oow the Btitish SýtodCorporettsn has abdlcsted All söstt of i affairs iti South Afttc,, its position will bo ca,-o o tho erit of anypiliticat movv, beiog toade agelost Ulf mn'etrttot thore.tt can ålso poiti to the 'futility, of trytg to witlitfaw becase the Soutth Atrican oadhane las. meanr thal tsosslyatoatv stould ho to gIv, ita monol -wy.hatt there is aeother, möte pratt-aÄ reaottfo, the hond over. The British stet Cörpöriott Ihis att ittrt lo SouthAftsca, not siply .,t. sotirc of profit, hat Ma at . souf co of 155 main raw mtetrials, iton, matiganete öre coicokittg soul.On tlitto occsionstlast ysat, th. Timtes and the Financial Times stressad tho impotta-e .f e.p.,tingf thottprotiort as bejg crstcalto dosh frc's håaote of påyrmls A fter a haith. with private c inttl the toapa ofConrsotietad Afric Idocs, it 0050 ~ero, likely thiat ISCOR will sutcedd tn selitg 110 millon tons of tronome wortis almost £4G0 mllion to Japan,It is how atnios certass that IS(C>R wots this strogglo by offetittt to sitetd- the-ot of tall hotiAge thortgb teliing it, wn cell produrtion and f>orrn long's tocmrotivetid wagönsat s, Ther.may watt be ncitlhct half to the Brtish Ste Compor ciloas dicl stith I SCÖR ondar wiih the. tattith StartCorporation is to ho coffpaoySted fo, ttorman L-ng (nost IPSA>'s t)s.by blop giv, th, option on c,~p trornoro.tf this i, to, il may töt bl at 3-csde1t that th, Di-otorof tho British Star1tCorpo£-

atton who ce rfosphile for tuybågtcf-, nriaidntis is W Nt Moslist'Oe Citairan of Stewart, and -löy4s of9~Africa and former firotos of »tOR anöthar of Soujth Africa's statetföls mång cmsompale, hotit it tf isteresi. Nt ovemsber I69, wifr lgj that 20 per eet of tttane fters the wwl*y .retedf IPSA wotttd b. offeted t the1,oränfl;hurg -,reck tE-hatge, 'lite stuld have steimt that 1SCQl did not havo tosll over tite new cöiopany.At the ~nt timet tho British steol) co"tsteioi unofficially tofoft-ds the Wts ollefarfonet of itaihroaab.lai he 5oms.did ~oha tt 4W a this o thtMini strsI gev Atyiabsol.ipötRro to h Southe Aftiatof g orsthoo MfoAt ,t sops theedeat ing wont lr;ooh.ftebt 1070 riotng, e'tIt watghid ff010 th eof Stestatt and Llotyds, antd w~etepteert byea British lItee Coepoetion legat esper, J M Ediwardls, wh~ ossb it sa to see the deal fttogh. Elslceat dwards wat;made buss of the British Start corporotlon't Ovetes- It,tet tepsrtmett]The 0vorsea, tlerest opåtmoet it dirested1 by 5 coffimittar, chsitecl by MILtren of thete vc'lart~ofthe htiill Stsel Coporation and al-o dirnot- of Itt-Tinto Zioc.Pinal ftorm, appee, ts have beeo gitedr just afte, the last Getar-al Fteetion lott jan, and tho deal wa cmpleedAt the end öf August. No, so woc tt ,sa made eilher to Patllantent or the Presst.The töro andStool Atrt; 'A meem[,c of tho Co1,tit h inl anysty allrattlyor tndiretly tteetd toa costrt made om proposed to be mtd by the Croain om. . . by e sabtdsty. thatt declaf,tho, ntatues of hi, intrest. . and båtl stö take asti part .10n an delibtrattrt t ordecitlosi of the Corpomaionstith respast to thit costitrat.' The Act dlftt thakt dclartion,tf iterststoud b reötded to thieesloutes,tn tho light of tis stoa ho ittting to -a if alt tlit-. of tho British SIt Corprotion' V.,e-Chatrcocn have mAdasceVtChrmnfl m ttioriststi hat brig' diodsong business cotttctlorts, tbsisagsnrrtePaasad lustetraalional Moe-tch andf 1),estopmt, stith Sir Hartold M41iiiis, INterio, of Ilorttati LongAfia.VicCheitman i MLilmn- hotdsAdfectohrp ln Ria-T1i.t. Zittc ht-s of RTZ', bejgglyprfttt oppearintosg .",rtons st Palahota and its aramem projert sn Nailsibie (South Watt Afrtca) ho hasevemy initaes.t hs retebsttg an ac rodtoswith the Southl Afica.s go...rometst.tli-ttor of t>avy-As1bntom which is tiltely lo w-n . Kf, miltbo, contra fj-,u ISfTSK hoitm oportart thanwhat thest tbaec men hava dos. ptonatly, tho British Steel Corporation has ola ouit to South Alrls&hEftaue tItt doel s tas sp-tauti, than, theg4rt.tspi-ss to rtieem ertu aates, we thosild 00t ha hliisded to its losg termt

Anti-Apartheid News April 1971 Page 5"You'dthink that a,fascist hyena like mewould be completely onVorster's sidewould n't you?"TtHE GAP between the Nixon government's rhetoric on Southern Africa and the pracltce of its policy isnow proverbial. ln his reant World Report President Nixon proclaimed that 'racism is abhorrent to theAmerican people, to my administration and to me personally ., . We cannot be indifferent to apartheid'.He atirrmed that the US wil not sell arms to South Africa and will maintain the trade embargo on Rhodesia,He went on to declare that the US coatd not accept the South African claim to Namihia and that theNamihian people should ha accorded the right of tetf-determination But on the exacution of these policiesPresident Nixo's World Report is pretty thin it not sileat.Th fatt of the matter is that the US administration has qaietly conceded to Britai the fullest opportonity tosel arms to South Africa and to reopen negotiatons with the Smith tegima on the hasis of an unspokan de1at re-ognition of the legtitacy of the Rhodesian repuhttc. Had tta American governmant reatty stood forsomething Jditferent th oaervotiu- govern.em t in Britain would sover hava heen oblc ta dreani ap theSisviet noatal thrat in the tedian and South Atlantic oceaes as a pamtes foe supplIng arrs lo Soath Africd. orto ro opei negotiatians , wth the SmithThe Datily Titigraph receetty carried o report from Washington to the ef1et that the Chief 01 US NavalOperations gae 'steen w-rning" ahout the Russiaa naval huild up ie the Indidu ocean aea and that Americannaal oflitets were openly envioos of Britain's 'j,e aatftnavat facitities' at Sinsanstowo and hete-c that SouthAfrica is strategicaly far.mora important to t'he West than is generaly understood'

There are also reports to the effeett that Rhodesian chrome continaes to reach the US and that in the latest'secret" tobacco aaétions in Rhodesia Americans were proninent among the foreign buyers.In the meantime America's trade and in, vestment activities in South Africa cantinue ta expand. with themajor Amercan eörporations setting up produatton lines ts the Repulic, participating in namerous miningveni.res through the Engelhardt empire and developing a stake in the apartheid system which increasinglyrivals that of Britain.In the Portuguese colonies American companies are active in wianing mining and other coneessions andthis has been central to, the decision of the major European banks and finance houses to .tase capital tofinance the Cahora Bassa High Dam project in Mozambiqae.The Portuguase military have been advised '1Y the Pestagon on how to p rsu the counter' reolutionary warin Angola and mach of the eeceotly reportel offensive of the Portuguese army in northern Angola was theoatome of US-Portuguese military discassons is Washington. NATO grms continue to Blom, freety toPortugal far ts colonial wars i' Africa.Natihia is now likety to present a real test for the US administration and especially President Nixon's WorldReport. if the World C urt does deare as is Lkety, that the UN holds the right to enforce s authortty inSouth West Africa and to ex pe the South African regime, will the US s-ppr; the attions of the UNnecetsary to achieve ts mandare or will the US one aguis ton with the other Western powers, sabotage tesUN and aid reuge in its diseredced 'peacefutl change' strategy?Whocms aboutliberty and equality?SINCE 'HE governmeots of the US and Britain implemented a partial arws embargo aguinst South Afrieaseven years aga, France has hecoma the principal supplier of weapus ta the Pretoria ragimeNot only has Franco violated UN resatutions on the arms embarg,. hat it has detihoratety sahotagad thaeftorts af those couaátries which have enforced a partial embargo. It has solitd urders for weaposs whichot11r countri s have refusd to accapt and ii has also instituted toant cooperation' i, constrating them within, South Africa.In August 1963 tho Freech goversmentassured the UN Seturity Councit that 'The Frenct authorities wll tak e atlt ea1ures*necessary to prev ent tho sala to the governmet mi South Africa. weapons thatmight ho osed tor purysoses ist repressio'.Since thon. in Octsober last ycar. PresitIelt Pompidou assured President Kounda of Zamhia that Francewould not se[I any 4 wenapons likety to ha used tor enforcing ; apariheid. However. tho rocord irf arerssales and prr isiion uri ticences and otherfocilities tur na turunt s ir withinSouth Atrfca reflet a dittereuv piciare.Panhard armoured cars are manutattaedUndei Frroch h-cncr n hccth Atri.a*E'ngins for ihese vehic:les are sometieres supptied cfirectty trirm 1 ranca ur svta Djihouti ln March 196l1rance sold SouthAfrica 20 4Hd engines lur t.110. lao moaths tator it s1d 20 AML am oured cars "fot c59'. 910.; Francr atsio stipyties cartain types. istammniti n and onesis which Siuth Africa is ;unal e iiosmasstifaxtire ln August 1969 gun paris tsorth h725.90(1 sere sold sia Switzertandl. ln April 1960 1rance sup jeied South Atrica tu ith '20 tuirpedos ciist ten£2,400.000. n 1960 aire it supplied Soh Atrica ~pith misile systems (ground to olrI cirsting 1.4 miltiin.Alt thott wouapons constiute anty a smaltpart af. the French commItment to 1elp maintain apartheidThe South African Air Force is equipped almost entirely with Freoch planes. There ara at rast 31 Mirages(fighter homhers and iterceptors) equipped with air t- surface and air to-air mies fni r Mirage III-RZ ond 30F-86 Mark 6 as weIl as 409 Sabr inteeceptors; nuie Tronsatl trOop carriars und fremghters; six Alouetoa tt,50 Alouette I1 and 16 Suiper Freton helicopters.te aditoon to lhasa, mora recent parehasas include 47 .Matra 530. 26 SA 3305 munoeuvre helicopiers, afurthar 16 Super Frelons and at the moment.nagtiations are heing conductad for the soa of hetmeen t and1011 ground attack airarft catled the Dassault Milan.The South African nvy ia pròvidad with thre Daphne submarines made ut tho Nantes" shipards and its crehas haen irained in France. There are a'Sso reportsof current oegotuattoos Iaking place for the purhase of minesweepers and frigate.

Al these wapons, togther with the jisuatly daveluiped 1 ácts alt weather suirtace ad air missasl systom,reflect a decade of lorctF nch mittary support fo theSiouth Atica's defence planning and operation prakes ni dishnctin ,etwern extornat a nd internt defenecott ix inconcoisahie to imagina that swhen the apartheid system is effectively threatenad hy internatresistance it will not usa att the mititary resourc!es at iis disposal.lndved i South Atrica's 1 \ ti terrorist esercises the Army. Navy and Air 1,iore have taken t parttogPther euippod withstrust ofi the weaprn's uhich are descrihed hY ,Franco as haing tor exaluvely anternalusa.Bot ovan if this woro Irae- that some w eapons can ioly.ho osed tor externat defenca "attacks itu couniriessuch asZambia would citni within soch a category.1ranch arns sales to Soth Africa havehee t ,folliwed hy On increse in Franch trade with Souih Atrca in othor heds Sotuth Africa'-s purchasosfrom France almost trohied heturren 1960 and 1969 and iis sales tr Franco alsi rusa considerablyThe net bance of trade hetween France and Sioth Atrica to in Francos fa1our his tradig pattrn. iakntogether with griwig French invastent in tIto apartheid system. mSakes France tho principat supporter ofSituih Arca's cloims tor a special status o, ihin the FFC.Frenh pari.ipatit in the constriction of tho Cabora Bass dans in Mozanibique rellects tho iscreasedinvnlsenent of that cirsntry to Souttirn Afric as a .hol. Taken titgether isith Federal Garmany. Ohich husaso incrased iis involveurent int Siruihrn Africa, tho white regimes havepiuerful odcircates thin thie eEC. And ,if Ftrtats lotus tho (oiruton Moarket tho Conseruattve governmeoottuill qertamtly theow te iis I ton tho si'de oft Siouth Atrica.T*his. in tho years to come it will nt isnly hz tr[taln that nill ha deopty invotvoil iis Southorn Africa: tho t-rtech and flerman stauke ts likety lsteancrs ovan mora in the post toiw y kes. The [alr Wsitrd n outries areintegrating their eonoeis evenfurther into the system of race rule in Southern Afrtca.As for tha white regines in Africa they dram additional comfort and encourage ment at their success inlining up France and Germany with Britain as motor external allios.[t is vital that the people of France are alorted to what is be-ng done in their name. And it is not only tiesebilatarat Itks with South Africa that are important. France, by virtue of the speial influeoce it is able toexerise over the poticies ut carloin African countries ahs already suceeded in persuading them to estahltshdiret liks with' South Africa , It is significont that those African states wsich are the most entlusiastic aboutestablishing lirks with South Africa and promoting a dialogue to this end also happen to be the ex FrenchAfrican countries.tt is of oven greater importance to ensure that the faets about Southern Africa are welt known inindependent African stutet and particularly ihose wvhose 'goeenments are o ready to be ent ced hy the'ottwardtooking' enbrace of the apartheid system.Abdul MintyTrade between France and South AfricaSouth African South African exports imports1960 £16.473 £13,4961965 £21.701 £27,3471969 £25,074 £35,697

"We.ntinuebuilding a iOVER the past few'years, international attention has been focused on the military struggle waged by thepeople of Mocambique,Angola, and Guine against the Portuguese.But equally important is the progress which is being made towards reconstruction in tltose areas whichhave been freed from the colonialists. The fate of the revolution in Southern Africa is bound up withthe successesachieved in these areas.This monthr,ANT R-APA THEID NEWS publishes an acount ofwhat is being achieved in these liberated areas, together with an urgent appeal for hel, from people in thiscountry who ae prepared to do something practical in order to help.Ibrtugal poisons

Angolan crops.Medical services within the ltberated areas of Angola are run by the Medical Assistanee Services of MPLAthe major liberation movement within that country.Much liha been accomtplished, particularly in training medical petsonnel, and malaria, which has beenendemic over much of Angola, is gradueally being brought undenr ontrol,Closely linked with thse question of~ health is that of nutrition. People constantly in a state ofhypermialnutrition are in a condition of lowered resistance to disease, in addition to the increased mortalityresulting from star-ation..It is in this context that fhe PortoF, ese use of herbicides aid defoliants against crops in the liberated areas,must be seen. Among the chemical agents used by the Portuguese are 2,4,5TF; cocodvlic acid, andpicloran (from Dow Chemical Compa y, commercial name Tardon).2,4.5T (full name 2,4,5, trichloro. phenoxyacetic acid) acts on pregnant women, cansing congenitalmalformation. Cocadvlic acid contains arsenic, and is highly poisonous, the lethal dose being only onegranme for every kilogrammeof body wnight. As for picloraa, is a test conducted in a Puerto Ricaniequatorial forest, trees sprayed with the chemical rentained without leaves for two years.Measures taken to counter these Portuguese atrocities cannot take effect immediately.MPLA have issued an urgent appeal to their supporters for material help to avert the threat of famineresulting from this chemical warfare.20,000 childrenat schoolin Free Mozamibique.THE AREAS of northern Mocambique were among the least developed in the country when they wereliberated by Frelimno.Some of the Teconstruction activities Ihave been carried out within the liberated areas of Mocambiqueitself, others, like the school camp at Tundur - are done in southern Tanzania.In Free Mocambique, there are nowLeft: This little boy lives in Niassa province in northern Mozambique. Beow: FRELIMO's Centre at TuBelow right: Dr. Eduardo dos Santos, ehief of the MPLA medical services at work in Moxico District i20,000 chil liberation n a complete , for Africtr taught abo about Afri,About vaccinatedert sate in drought, andl relieve th1e peNapahrGuine IPAIGC now thirds of Gui Cabral, at world and

Aati-Apartsed News A0111 1971 Pagelife in the liberated areas.Amilcar Cabral, Secretary General of PAIGCindependent states which aren't as free as we areBut the liberated areas are subjected to constant- almost daily - napalm attacks. In December alone, thePortuguese burnt 12 villages, killed 1 5people and wounded 13 others during napalm rads. They alsobombed a rural hospital built by PAIGC, and dropped 30 napalm :bombs on a school in the east of thecountry.Cabral has explained the Portuguese strategy in this way: 'hemain feature. of the Portu.ese operations isheavy bombing of the civilian population in the liberated areas. The-Portuguese had counted on being ableto destroy our bases with bombing attacks, but have found that there are no bases in out* country. We have eliminated the perrn-ual ent bases because our country is too small - a plane vhichtakes off from Bissau can cover the whole country- in an hour. . 1'We have eliminated the bases; out fighters are always in motiott. Under these, conditions, it is impossiblefo'rthe Portuguese colonialists to strike militasy. blows agaitit us, so they try to 'strike at the popuaion of theliberated agreat,As a reslt PAIGC constantly ibeeus money an material to repair the damage being dune bthe Portuguese.,Limf mvementsfrom 06iain.

nfla Cmt~p stee for' tFreddom in MNfIcanbique, Angola and Gune have just shipped their first ton ofclothing and .medical supplies to FRELIMO. A few months ago they sent anambulance to Frelimo.*Now they have begun collecting for their second ton, which will be sent to Angola.Mach of the burden in mobilising people on this score must lie with the local -branches of the Anti-Apartheid bMoyenent., Thi list which follows has been compiled from requests by FRELIMO, MPLA and PAIGC. Quantitiesare not given, since any amount can be used, In s6me cases (e.g. farming tools) it is cheaper to send moneywhich can be used to buy the goods in Africa. In other cases, it is cheaper to buy them here and ship themout. ,- The list is not exhaustive, but it covers the essential goods which all*three movements constantly need.Medical aid: bandages, syringes, - forgpskidney traysstethoscopes, instruments used in minor surgery Food:condensed or powdered milk, tinned vegetables, proteinfoo concentratesClothing: cotton textiles, shirts, trousers, children's clothing -(including woollens), sweaters,boots and shoesfBlanketsEquipment: farming tools, domestic utensils, treadle sewingmachinesEducational supplies: exercise books, pencils and rubbers, slates and slate pencils, dip pens, nibs,ink.Where equipment or donations in money are sent, they can be earmarked for a particular liberationrhovement or pOrojtf Doinatios to, sand detailt from, Committee for Freedom in Mocambique, Angola andGuine, 53 1, Caledonian Rd., London N.7. Nothing sent for theliberation movements is kept for administrative overheads,.hern Tanzania includes an agricultural research unit where new seeds and techniques are tested before theyare introduced into the liberated areas of Mozambique. ye right: FRELIMO fighters learn to do everythingfor themselves-in * Free Mozambique. Here a member of a FRELIMO unit is making clothes with a Singersewing machine.

Ani-Apartheid News April 1971 Page 8INSIDE SOUTHERNAFRICAside the Magisterial District of Johannes- Afnicans to infiltrate the police toe, army. outh A f caburg to Jan Smuts Airort so that she Can trade unions, teahing organisations. andA fru ' . come to London. sporting bodies. This letter had a noteLast month Shanti Naidoo forced the attached which contained a programme ofMinistry of the Interior to grant her an action within Rhodesia, and a request for Exit Permit, but it is onlyvalid anti! setting up a messenger service with the 15 shot in April 28.,ZAPIU headquarters.Shanti Naidoo was released from prison Another document said 'The organisationbus fares protest last June after spending 371 days in solitary should b run in Itch a waythat in everyconfinement Immediately after her release district there will be places where militants she was banned,can be kept while they teach others how toALMOST exactly It years after the shoot- Shanti Naidoo's lawyers are now consider. use weapons.ings t Shurpeville. South African police- ing taking an unprecedented court action in Although he agreedthat the lette were wee again opened Ie on unarmed which they wowld ash for as order cornmere in his possession, Chadzingwa deniedrowd this fill" at the oourd t p pthat he favoured violence - his interest incodClourt hi p peing the Minister-of Justice to grant her pecifism and nro-violence was evidenced by ofOetvandate. outside Port Elizabeth permission to leave Johannesburg and South the biographies ofMartin Luther King, andAt least 12 people were injured, including Africa. Mahatma Gandhi. But the regimes'desire toa 5 Jyear-otd girl who was shot in the chest The two cases show beyond all doubt that ge

nd a pregnant woman who was shot in the the South African government has reversed member of ColdComfort Farm was tewarstomach. 'Others were shot in the hand, its Policy of allowing its opponents toleave dend Arth C adzingwa was eeiemouth, neck and back. South Africa on, condition that they never to a fine of 1th (or 4months hard labour)tn the early afternoon f Sunday. March return there. It no longer feels strong enough as welt as a -year'ssuspended sentence.7. a huge crowd about 10,000-attended to allow them to join the fight against ita meeting at Gelvaqdale Sports Stadium to from exile.protest against incrasds in bus fares.At about 3 p. police tried to arrt a Police refuse to oC01oured man f drinking in public at the e P ortu lStadiui. The gwd started stoning a policevehicle, and b~es were damaged in a road enear. the Stadium. togun e is. 17 aircraft blown upThen about 2.000 people moved off toelvandaie police station, Stones werethrown and a large force of police moved PETER MAGUBANE, one of the 22 Lisbout ol fie station, throwing teargas canisters people held for 16 months without trial and near on.an-d practising combat clubbing and drove then acquitted last September. has been detie crowd back intothe township. tained again by the Security Police FOURTEEN military helicopters andMore police arrived from other stations He was taken from his home in Diep- tarmed with sten guns. other fire arms, riot kloof, Soweto, the African township near te trainingaircraftwere blown up in clubs and police dogs! Johannesburg. by three detectives on Sun- anattack at the Portuguese air force baseThe police then went berserk, driving day, March 7 and nothing has been heard of at Tancos. 100 milesnorth of Lisbon, onthrough the township in patrol vans and riot him since. His lawyer told the Rand Daily March 8. trucks,breaking into houses and assaulting Mail: 'I have no idea Where he is. I have Armed RevolutionaryAction (ARA), people. It seems to have been now that the sent two letters to the officer commanding thegroup which claimed responsibility Worst hoo ing incidents occurred, the Security Police at JohnVorster Square for the attack, said that it had been done**A Riiol Daily Mail reportr said: asking where he is being held and under in protest against 'theshameful colonial"Travlling behind a'riot truck last night J what law. but I have had no reply. war contrary to theinterests of thesaw police entering several houses, clubbing His hother wentto John Vorster Square Coloured men andaiming their firearms in with some clothes for Peter. but the police Portuguese people waged by thePortuthe dark at what seemed to be fleeing denied any knowledge of him.' guese fascists andcolinialists against theColoureds: Peter Magubane used to work for the peoples of Angola, Guine andMozamIn one part of the township, people threw Rand Daily iail as a photographer and has bique who arefighting for their independup street barricudes made of furniture, sew ' on 14 international awards for fisphoto- c.e'. eragy pipes and refuse material to try and graphs His work has appeared in Lit, ARA'sstatement said that the successkeep the eao e tac s t.* magazine t hoseir operation - due to 'gr wo gWhen t ic pgs pi~ts~e in ( oturt onr,~ If' Asseseedta-ite Ws l-qso f miens. jso -,lrd hiarm sn taow.1Prtwin nest Thursday some of them said that they l st Septei Iber he was bunned. ast macb glut soldierthesonsf the p e inhad been assaulted by the police while they Winnie Mandeta Nelson Mad ' sIfe t or"", cm hed i c.tdv.InMal-srte andarld- 1 [122. was co (ic'd of I Th'lree month ago ARA cInned outm igade a court order allowing a doctor to breaking her banning order because Peter avisi them. MagUhane had visited her at herhome three simuilaous bonb, attacksagaiastthe Lisbon police cchool, the library of455 policemen have Four more held the US Embassy and a warehouse. Th

bombs exploded successlly, but did notcriminal records. in 'terrorist' swoop. cause aly iynjor damage.The conmado that attacked Tancos4u POLICEMEN have bee in telt ohe AT LEAST tour more people, two Indians airbase used muchmore powerful bombs,years after beg found guilty of offences of from Durban and two Johannesburg Afri- causing a fire thatwas put out only after 7* cans, have been detained under the Terror- three hoursby firemen.violnce2 of them had previous convic ism Act what seems to e pat of the The Portugueseguvernment has publions, 24 of th fo asult Icountrywlde swoop in which at least 21 lished atypically terse communique statBut former Police Deputy Cdmmissioer people were arrested lust month(see March ing that they have arrested six men inBrig adier Rocco de Vitliers commented: I AnApariheid Newt). Three of the original connection with theattack, two ot whom feet rord poic the world o the 21 have been released aerhold Gempaports But the governThe latest detainees are M. C. Moodliar,crme within their ranks.' a lawyer and P. A Pillay. an articled clerk, nut has become sodiscredited that theLast year South African policemen shot and Johanson Sija and Sidwell Mabutu. communique isgenerally seen as an atto death 54 people and wounded 149. They are alleged to be members of thetempt to save face.Unity Movement of South Africa or of the. m i ners paid African People's Democratic Union ofpaid South Africa (APDUSA). Kaunda denounces£2.50 a week. PROTESTS against the re-detent'ion ofPeter Maghae, against he deteniun of th eats of war.4VERAGE cash r rmings for African the 22 people still being held after lastmonth's swoup, and against the South PORTUG b hacked by South Africa. hasminserr are £10.66 a nithi aciirdii li African government's refusal to allow become no worried byZambia's attempts to the South African Chaiher of Mines. Robert Sobukwe and Shanti Naidoo to leavere or c t hThe average ivuge per shift is 35p. South Africa should be sent to: J. B. taking counr Iea sre , toharass Zambia'sA Chamber of Mines Spokesin Vorster, Prime Minister's Office. Govern- economyclaineid that 'fringe benefits received by ment Buildings,'Pretoria. South Africa. It has used she allegedkidnapping andAfrican iniiers were worth £28 0 iit.tt i murder in Zambia 6f bye Portugueseexpertsnearly doitble the cash wage., r ,l nllen frim Mozmbicue as a pretextfor orderingM b"k/ illiPJ4JBera port irkers to delay handig goodshobnd fnr P amiak and '"Con Pesideni Kaunda said at a Press ConferCold o rt March 22 that Portugal had threatS anti Naidooenei war aga ns Zambiacannot leave. sentenced. Ill, had iad, 4f) Forde intcursons into /-umi in the last 21 months The persecution of Cold Comfort Farm and 50 Zambian'civdias had been killed,ROBERT'SOBUKWE, former President of continued last month with the successful intured.rktdinppedthe banned Pan Africanist Congress. has prosecution of Arthur Chadzingwa, who was' The Itranewspaper Vssiiri'i la Bii,beet refused permission to leave Kimberley the assistant Treasurer of the Farm. edited by a railwayofficial Victor Comes.in order to go into exile into America. He was charged on three counts, that he who has d -n verywell stat of defending.

Earlier he had won a legal battle with the was in possession of photographs of the Portugal's 'ciilssg issin.has siggestled Deportment of the Interior to force it to leaders of banned African parties, and of whatthehgovernment s nest step may be On grant him a one-way Exit Permit. But the other revolutionariessuch as Che Guevara. March 15 i asked' 'Hsw much longer can Department of Justice has refused to liftthat he was an officer of the Zimbabwe Pdrtugal keep her African ports open tohis banning order, which confines him to African People's Union (ZAPU), though ths Zambian tratio :sthe face of repeated pr o Kimberley, in order to allow him to travel was dropped almost immediately; andfinally vocation, aggression, and crimes against to it point from which he can leave the that he was inpossession of documents of a Moeamique csmmitted by that conrycoi"ti'. highly subversive character .is edurial which is bound 10 bring inSTheD epartment of Justice has also re- One lettel, from a ZAPU exile in Lusaka i more advertisementsfrom the railwaysfused to allow Shanti Naidoo to travel out. spoke of the need for politically aware administration andother public services,,en , i say ha C ised patiene hcls t limits. We are incapable I rho same crimes committed by Zambia, butthis does riot mean that we are not capable o paishinrg them'. Later. the writer called President Kaunda a'murderer'IBrazil movesback into the fold.PORTUGAL and Brazil have agreed to give their citizens the benefit of dual Brazilion Portuguesenationality, The Portugues press has hured this as a prelude to a possibleconfederation in which 'a man born n Rio De Janeiro. or Luanda, or Loureneo Marques. or Lisbonwould be a Portuguese Brazilian citizen.In the same way as Portugal is-dragging the Western European countries into its colonial wars. by offeringthem concessions for the exploitation of mineral ores and ail and by involving them in projects likeCabora Bassa, it is trying to draw in Brazil,On the other side the Brazilian govern ment is interested in the big African markets that it thinks closerlinks with Portugal will open up to it,GuineGuind struggle spreadsto Cape Verde.THE PORTUGUESE are in a very difficult situation in Guine. with the number of Tilr casualties steadilyincreasing, according to a member of the PAIGC (Party for the Independence of Guine and the CapeVerdns) Politbureu. in an interview with ANTIAPARTHEID NEWS Ho maid that last year PAIGC'attacked alt the urban centres in Guide wt the eception of Bissau and Ba . .. .e at sitnation ill the (ale yev niulehiib thgavlhatgon meuly 'In qupe Verde, the situotion is not like Gine,bug it is nevertheless very good. I consequence of the orgaeisution of th a, pry and of its political actiot, mecull noe ,see same resut. Foe example, there is always tension between the population and the Portuguese,epecially the soldiers'In Sunto Anton, theme was u pasants' stere, which wan very important, and ther-e wax also a strike ofstudents at the' lyee, In the hush, the paty is well advunced There are, of cese, many people in pron forparty uctivities, So. in general, we are now preparing intensively, especially for the launching of the armedstJuggle ani we are now teainng muny of our comrades from Cape Verde.'(Iastnt ine the Portugue-backed Cnvasomn t ino the Pirtugeaeder said it had favourable consequences forus. As a resilt l this attack, people became more aware of us. and some AfricaneounrtieIs took the decision t increase theiil ad to us through the OAUNamibiaPortuguese troopsclashwith SWAPO.PORTUGUESE troops have entered thenorthern parts of Namima and hav clushed with SWAPO fighters there, according to Misheke Muongo, theActing Vice-President of SWAPO Mr Muyongo fold an ANTI' APARTHEID NEWS correnpoerdent'Ou ,etveral occasions oar militants have clashed git t ards tguebe, with Apglal they go thewrtu me npde?with A ugoshe

The South Afercan and Portuguese forces say" Misheke Muyongo, putelo the hordes cones on alternatedaysInd pursue freedom fghters either into Namihia or into Angola,SWAPO has lled several Portugae soldiers and has lost several lighters who have been captured 'Mapytimes', n ust Misheke Mupong, our soldiers had got to go to the eten't If killing Portuguese. Some uniformshave been captured We have also evperienced anes where some of our fighters thae 'P o ptusereny thI tePortge. Lrte the Portgese deny thet tues le front Namibia, but say they are from Angola.'

Soia. esodia äg Chief Taegwena pve th fosing itee toe ta eiaeisout to be ehared u~te the Law and Oder (Mst.mnae ) art too thatr pt in psohÉll the ittteiw *fca th.y sae toBetswans lagt narrth. Tony Milfdarn hKlhazi i' tfi, ssto tfl the presenst tinrdý What are --u feelingt otd the feel/eigsofeWo s. ngiy ahoust what i, ha'ppenng. Tills lanid is ""' , and -o ttiey y that itho, oltbeong t.Afalfi. Thy e-tcodh en d ,t~ my peopl..eybs. rtgon worn.. . ito is still in hoapith, up t.thissdey.'Théty errent my pephe rud gv thant pil/es wten-o, thel people gr"ed to 9' teTIlay -D, enod-rd to at the tfiy do new want telo is she fnaltoo withi tsimi. Wilan the LYitflslt Cossslionlertdnllsad tmhis oded te toand p. ffni thatla en not land in -rde, t. flotase .te pa lo hetile. wo d. not w-nt t.g.nte na,fl. Oe,tnstest will he-t.l ha/id . j.li fril ersouald t. all M]y peplie. We d.-n.t ~Ast tö gio .iitil, w. want o-,e atldt h»rkonatlliland, This tOCy ~asattOsalbot we dio not -at te fighst.Wc dö not want t. sasiettly acua. enyhsody;'w- de rim wea/t te ahasn at n/sbody; -s do n.t want to the/t sinesat nalvsd;-t want t. livl/es/atally with ... tyhoedytt is the Esiropeas wholst h o,, s~ te dist u/li is, .teoss desrvr p-lppity. te Zptite a. of thO. SCathf Äf ot land.fliý , tieforgivahlo My peoepkiu h- fset/ok That. oattle that th"a ase dtoäng ~Y awk klop awary tay sea1/luig to ateo-ke m y peeple t that thay mnny shdotr ss with t114otth-e e . ae d.eenalaw. D-ee thisTsy de ye- not adelý t, " ,Ooe Howt mt f post revstnn ss a ~tst-e of pt/oee/pl,,WIsan & pet- n. hya -9t habea n- Olholäes ut t e. TI gosa/ennott is oser-Ing on to footak6 oas, haritago. We will not lake bilhos; T1.y san Itop thott ineo we wll koo 2 tsat hptisng,to -55This is an ate. sahfth -t isshelilod. W, td. not like B-odd Tisi -s osole. Htere h tito, hedis of out a.tts, itsdlhiri fatlhet, hforot thdns. les/il the Aftiani tontint wa,ý i-vdetd biy tho Etiserpexno wci weTe helit.Whd/t s gsing ta happen/ to he entucnion of the tttt/sf t/to Ta7soona feaOpid0f thay sl- th 11/0 1' l 'et the, tlilreng' fall/er, tio not edtacted. 11 the ,h.ol Sthsfh aislo froo the Tng-n.spsspl Is iet,.topd tntha le fhildren will ha,, to ,esfatt .oedsanted. We .n se t odsitad, hot wai es /ese4ätlu,,r.Sealimtg we1,1 not het. halpoal .,. Oif the effii4renofe this ,-tfitry ,ahe ha-n hson to cahrult .9ny at filsut/ettog They staat hecaste f laohof joh,. WIsy 4hesid thay b h -fedsclsl L.s0 yen,lnnyeus sIkt at tIhe usioity, yeuare[hA tita studels, of thCdni. J~ losing tsteI with thedpeople and thiti santo. How do yo lee thisaiOnt thast point the edvsaslod yoetig hla lik. witld animsals. We nr, kickad with bt, tack h-et, f ttk yo.,g M./a ef htdto vT'hay heat sts. Otliots jetis the CIf>. Do you tlink 11151 they are people soneeä1sa ift,sitsated?Ti. Distlt Comssiaoneais not a gendIdeoselt 1 my ba isaå wel. t is killer wlst s-t, to -0..os iSm. whli tianssy like a snA- whiel5 swaliew - thaigit .dndoe ,how. The Jistrwt Corå.siofld deanC ~o wvant to me an Africa, IIiS Wi811 is te) daet/ny thoAts/os harete oflc Isthf this weataito yo- se Yourelf, hreafa , oteaani, do you -o y,-relf Pleytg , roon ptomnisont //Ofitl tota i,5 rhe ttfr1 s. noet . pelltest. l tu.lspy ,,ant yii igtgs.E titk that this coumty shonl bl frod sthat ~tvay indvid.al -Wd hats, a sarYi thi, goriseoitt. If th, Estepeaiwota tons ,-]o and opetin1 thir govt -itt we~1,1d dolet/nisne 1/osivs in consssltatio5i atli ose oth-isr Tis, ~osld ha gee<[. The srso thotald s.et tIl 1000ss, /k ss, set this haldongs to me; that halos lo sas;

-oaythiog helong, to s-e Wtore was tho A\fti~t lnog whos tho klsropoaon läst ,,amna They fosifti ss ho-,llhosd w, lis into 1o todlayt lt/-t plats that they fin/it lo bea gd thay sy haton5s te (ham God and ta/Iiisland they want fet thaltsO we Affeansha "nd/Vh inte tho msountains. What is thare, for on toe3 os"Is thisnot d1,tletivil It is.it vs , of-n4a that rhe ,tfft ti 9heden i, ti1/d by f,,,. Dov youOhnk that ihis is the fensel>We fe-t Wc f-,r hocsse they 0t-sa to shoot sswith geOs. Whs annh wo go9 Thaey or/ot onaj tetst sa, en tito ,hit ss with tho britts of Ihamo gusss Hows can yes a.y mythinr? 1f yes Ooii. yromr amoth yessshit with the heitt of å gi.s. They show ynsD iSe guon 4d tlh/rétt. las ht. Whero;aew go? est hav se optio- hut lo fe.,r tho gn that yln, can sa.The WatId Co-nät af ChIhsea Pioametantly tocde n estt/are/em soome/in Sootiten Africa. In a -en.e this inmple.seso/eo,/ f -iet chang, i, tset/as, iwi/t /opstite o ish, tate /- the de>, Watt e, tc ffaing, 1-ust this det//ioS'iTbese ar goDJ poople who wisha oaly le help othts. W, say that thay sre man of God to ~/tlwth osvingtha sonls of othots. They ats good imen who alt with ,osrage, like that.Gi-s the oet/a 1sfsarts of rita Ritodeslan stitton. da ou sie, at the moment, er a/s/t s to -I-Ian things esd/ensFtitiog end, ,,f/eing, tO, opfncgs... hao. heoinnis ~bmjos to other forcas Wo vsauld my that tnd wii r-mn teon ifw scok his graceDr you see tho -estfl,en/ o hhedof .dfusta.- as be/oge trii1 at i/or i, the deeopnidsst ofiAfr/ten Ha//ene/ism in thisThis nsetai- rits se ds ......s.oP/toeer by ( 0isi asirCofpyt/git 'The ObOe/rep1CHIEF Retenyl- Tarigvemt is te be ho with senhetios by te Smui magssT.tgýea mbehaý sen i/aen e11t ick land a d leing ie b Mountins lnthe lEtst of Rhoesia. Nobody kinows whnae Cief Tanwatow insat.If wo ignor it wo htall timd that we ha-a ae-mo no -s-r Iha. oawo to pall wageits with ropos titd resi oui, m-ks. TtiosBo,,, will tend ss hy tho haltt. This is tho testh. Wo ar troshled, ¶'oss Gestds not sem to like s. WoshlI alStays teel thast li is onfi. This skn alhfh ha ges ., ske , it diffCstl tor s is this soiety; hiwi ha gien onwtsite skirsa wo -1,1l hatoe tho guno and stayhae this country wosald ha bollar th.n it is. Thor ewoild ho Dnpedvostio/s.Whot ,1-,e -DoA/ yvu g-e to J-,P fe/ o, Aff/tet /m the, stnl, fot thisMy wor t adsitt t. tho Aftita ptopie stthat wo she/sIld rotals froms tighintg snooti.Wo ~.1i1d hav Sola/anta1in this cosstty. 11a-air f ens set s sielani stan, ,ndl I wint nt ted/sat osymtlf te ltlilen-o What we want is ajusst peace. Wha we want is,<social jsti-n Tbe -elo minst tall tho gosarsnsnt te stop thair erm3lty. Wo wantahelle systoem. Wo wahl a ,atontiaon oflo.ip a shna ru.tI e tmAattlstii Movernarot, 89 Charlotte~ odbPlaase send nie the petters 1 hata titttosl ont the list below l enctosk ... whith ist/oden 3 p poasstagtNAME,......2 hotiih -mnsfflmshsaltoostesii.. .3 St Atssttstap,,sika.4ADysoniOisshyog ilse lass.AR p~ses 5p exch plus 2,0p peslago per ord~.Thislaiidisours-TangwenaAflyone disobeyl these lm Will i rnprisoned- fin andor whIPPC

REVIEWSBooksSoledad Brother. The Prison Letters of George Jackson. Published by Cape, £250and by Penguin Books, 35p.Because They're Black by Derek Humphryand Gus John. A Penguin Special, 30p.GEORGE JACKSON has been officially imprisoned for ten of his twenty-eight years, though he ares hasentire life, as a black man in America, as having been spent in captivity.(He writes: 'This is my tenth year of this, actually my twenty-eighth, but I was too

numb tcafeel the first eighteen.')- At the age of seventeen, in 1960, he wasimplicated in the theft of seventy dollars from a petrol station.Despite evidence pointing to his innocence,the lawyer appointed to defend him persuaded him to plead guilty, to save court costs, as he would be sureto get a light' sentence. The 'light sentence' turned out to be 'one-to-life' under which a prisoner can be heldindefinitely, but canapply for parole each year.Jackson was never given parole. His owncomment is: 'No black will leave this place if he has any violence in his past, until they see that thing in hiseyes. And you can't fake itresignation, defeat - if must be stampedclearly across the face.'In January 1970, at Soledad Prison,whereJackson was then being held, three black convicts were gunned down by a white guard during a fightbetween black and white prisoners us the exercise yard. When, three days later, it 'was announced over theprison radio that the Salinas County grand jury had found that the guard's action was 'justifiable homi-"cide', a white guard (not the one who fired the shots) was, within half an hour,, found beaten to death. Sixdays later, three black convicts, one of whom is George Jackson, were accused of the murder. According totheir attorneys, the three were accused, not because of substantial evidence of their guilt, but because theywere known to beblack militants,The trial (at the time of writing this) ispending. If George Jackson is convicted, then, under California law, the death sen-.tence is mandatory, since his previous 'oneto-life' sentence counts as 'life'.The letters written by George Jacksonfrom prison, between 1964 and 1970, and now published in Britain, constitute the most outstanding bookyet to appear on white oppressiveness and black resistance in the United States today. It is not only themost effectively political book (and it seems to me to be this by far); it is the most moving, the mostbeautiful, and the one which feels mosttrue.It is the extraordinary story of how afierce, sullen, sensitive young delinquent, held in near-concentralion-camp conditions, became a whollydedicated Marxist revolutionary, at once passionate and disciplined.Reading, thinking, studying (he has taught himself five languages - significantly, those of people who havesuffered under colonial oppression), doing a thousand press-ups a day to keep physically fit (for much hfhis time in prison, he has been confined to his cell for 23 hours a day), not allowing himself more thanthree hours sleep a night, he has tempered himself to a piercing blade ofsteel,He writes: 'With the pursuit of food andshelter relegated to the state, I have been able to channel all my thoughts to important things, significantthings. So I attempt to bend this experience' to our benefit rather than let them weaken and destroy me asthey would like ... these places ... will either bring out the best in an individual or rum him entirely.' Andagain; 'I don't care how ong I live. Over this I have no control but I s. io care about what kind of life Ilive, and I:an control this. I may not live but another "ive minutes, but it will be five minutestefinitely on my terms.'It is rewarding to trace the developmentif George Jackson's perception and undertanding as time passes. In 1967, he wrote: Women like to bedominated, love being trong-armed, need an overseer to suppletent their weakness .. It is for them to beyand aid us ... not to attempt to think.' 'ompare this with what he is saying in 1970:understand exactly what the woman's roleiould be. The very same as the man's.stellectually, there is very little difference etweer male and female. The differences c see in bourgeoissociety are all condit,ned and artificial.' In 1964, he was attribring the world's ills to 'one source, the 'il andmalign, possessive and greedy Euro'ans.' But by 1970, he is writing, 'The anket indictment of the white racehastre nothing but perplex us, inhibit us.'

This growth in understanding springsiefly from his development of a Marxist isition. He notes that both Martin Luther ink and Malcolm X wereassassinated whenthey turned their attention to 'Vietnam and economics.' ... 'they let him (Malcolm X) rage on muslimnationalism for a number of years because they knew it was an empty ideal, but the second he got his feeton theground, they murdered him.'He writes, to Angela Davis, that the CIAattacks a 'black person the moment he attempts to explain to the ghetto that out problems are historicallyand strategically tied to the problems of all colonial people.This means that they are watching you closely. I worry.' He had reason to worry for Angela, in this context,he also had reason toworry for himself.I wish that I had space here fully to explute the fascinating second theme which runs through these letters.While he fights on one front against white oppression, Jackson is engaged, at the same time, in anotherbattle. In his letters to his parents, Robert and Georgia, he is. constantly striving to undermine an oldergeneration's acceptance of their oppressors' values. When he understands that his father is ashamed that heis in prison, he writes to him: 'I never realized that I was a source of embarrassment to you.I thought most blacks,especally those at our economic level, understood, vaguely at least, that these placeswere built with us in mind, just as were the project houses, unemployment offices, and bible schools.' Tohis mother, he declares, 'Black Mama your overriding concern with the survival of our sons is mistaken if itis survival at the cost oftheir manhood.'This seed fell ultimately upon fertile soil.When, with her older son George facing possible execution, Georgia's younger son Jonathan was shot whileattempting to free him, she made a heroic speech at his funeral. George writes: 'She didn't cry a tear. Sheis,as am, very proud. She read two things into his rage, love and loyalty.' Shattered by the power of Jackson'stestimoney fromr 'the belly of the beast', a term recenily used by Angela Davis to describe the UnitedStates, the reader may feet that the English scene, described in "Because They're Black", is worlds away.Yet perusal of this splendidly concrete, admirably clear survey (totally free from sociological jargon)of race prejudice in Britain may arouse uneasy second thoughts.Its authors' vivid studies of actual experiences of black people in this country reveal a terrifying perspectiveof white fgnorance, malice and callous indifference.The chapter entitled 'The 'birth of a Black Panther'shows reactions to a hostile environment which are very elevant to similar reactions in the USA. Andanother, 'The enemies of black people' reveals that naked incitatory hatred is by no means a prerogative ofthe Ku Klux Klan. (The chapter describing the case of West Indian parents imprisoned for beating theirchild who had stolen money needed, literally, for survival, is essential for all micdle-class humanitarianswho feel they might benefit from a short sharp attack of cultural schtaophlaeni)This acute book deserves a place on the shelf of any British person concerned that his country should neverbe described as 'the belly of the beast'.Caroline de CrespignyDestroy This Temple, the voice of Black Power in Britain, by Ohi Eglhuna. Published by MacGibbon andKee, £1.95. THIS BOOK tells Black and White alije what Black Power really means, what it Implies, whatits aims are and how wide of the mark most 'interpretations' of the senstinal press have been.Most of the essays which comprise the mass body of the bcok were written "'virg the six months the authorspent oo .a in Brixton Pison, awaiting trial at the Central Criminal Court after a document, written by theauthor and handed to the police by an informer, had been interpreted as an incitement to murder policemen.The story of Obi Egbuna's arrest and trial forms part of the introduction to the essays, though the text of thedocument in question is not quoted 'for reasons which can best be explained by lawyers.'Obi Egbuna, regarded at the time of the trial as the arch-villain and prime mover of a Black Power'conspiacy', has written a deeply moving account of the experiences Which formed his character and madeof him the man he is today The essays unfold the story of his development from early boyhood days in hisnative Nigerian village - education the White man chose for him, a God and a religion the White man chosefor him -his first encounter with White Europe and America, his search for, a 'Shangri La' he never foundand his subsequent btter

disillusionment.Each essay deals with a different aspect of the Black Man's world and psyche, his reactions to his own lnd tthe White Man's world. 'Mlack Power or Death'confrontsMartin Luther King's Christia ethics with the ideology of Bleck Power which, in the author's 6piniont isthe only force to 'Overcome' the violence of White American society which Fratz Fanon has called the"greatest lunatic asylum in the world.' The essay 'The Little Boy of Brussels' taies to analyse the Blackman's relationship to White women in a ruthlessly logical way, but remains stuck in mere theorising aboutsex, denying the possibility of any deeper feelings. This crude asselsment of 'love' ,between Black, andWhite contrasts strangely with the author's compassion, hii sensitivity and "his capacity for love andunderstanding as expressed in 'Letter from Brixton Prison' which has passages of exquisite beauty andpoignant tenderness.'A Word About My Home', written towards the end of the Nigeria-Biafra war, probes into the backgroundof the conflict and the final essay, Destroy This Temple' sums up the Black Power philosophy and inparticular its application to the British scene.'Destroy This Temple' is a frank, outspoken book which does not try to 'please' anybody - Black or White.It has its lessons for both. For the Black man that he must fight his own battles, that no one can winhisliberation for him. For the White man of good will that he must allow his Black friend the choice ofweapons in this struggle, and for the White oppressor it spells a crystal-clear warning that the Black manspatience has at long last - run out.Nadia FowlerThe African Voice in Southern Rhodesia by Terence Ranger. Published by Heinemam, g2.00.tHIS IS the first volume of a series which will deal with African attitudes and political views in the periodbetween the 'primary' rlesislance to European colonialism, and the rise of the modern nationalistmovements in the 1950s and 1960.This particular volume is a natural sequel to Ranger's study of the Chimurenga of 1897 ('Revolt in SouthernRhodesia, 1897') which was published in 1,967.Both books reflect Ranger's careful use of original sources and his integrity in the application of thesesources. He does not seek to make African attitudes coipletely uniform. Both are written in Ianger a clearstyle. Although he is a scholar of international renown. and this book is a direct product of this scholarship,it can be safely recormended to the non-specaist and to thegeneral reader interested in the history ofAfrican. thodghts and views in Southern Rhodesia. To those deterred by the price, the public library shouldbe badgered into purchasing a copy.He begins with Mashonoland and Matableland immediately after the uprisings had been put down:Mashonalend, resentful, still conducting some sort of guerrilla resistance till 1902, and trying (with partialsuccess until after the First World War) to avoid contact with Europeans; Matabeleland, making its prace(literaily) with the white man but then later realising that it had yet again been swindled. The Matabele hada much greater initial contact with the white economy and people, but at the same time, they had a focus forresistance i the persona of the descendants of the defeated King Lobengula. After the first World War, theShona and Ndebele opposition was much more united as their situations became more similar.They gave up the old gods they had not proleeted them against the Europeans - and there was a swing toChristianity. Some joined the European missionary churches, some joined the African 'Ethiopian' churchesand some started churches of their own Matthew Zimba was one such, and he wrote in 1915 to theEuropean offieal who was trying to suppress his church 'Probably you envy me because I want to be amaster for myself in so great a work, but don't think so, for he that ordained me to do this work is greaterthan the European supervision that you wal use to be under him,' Later the even more mI lant Watch TowerMovement caused Native Department cancers, and the implicitly anti-white Vapostori church was formed.These were real, if not obviously political, ways of reacting to European dominatie.Political reactions included what today seem reformist movements, They were an attempt to meetEuropean politics on its awn grolnd. An example is a speech (reported, imevitablyin the CID flev) by JohnMphauba of the Industrial cod Comuserical Workers Union in 1929 'You wilt All understand that a manwho is hungry wIl never he quilt We want the Government to understand that the native is starving.... Weask the Government 10 give us sufficient pay, bat we do not want the samne pay as Europeans We will heobedinut, hut We must complain... We were all made by God and God has given us minds to think. Wehave been given talents-I

but we do nothing with them.' Other statements were stronger, and when such movements began to makeheadway in the ruralareas, the Government stepped in.Ranger finally tries to show the relevanceof these attitudes to today's movements.'Probably the most important link is that of the common predicament - the European has the physical powerin the country, and African nationalists, then and now, have to work out relevant means of dealing with thispower. Furthermore, they must convince the African population that their methods offera real chance of success.Kees MaxeySettler Colonlism in Southern Africa and the Middle East, by George Jabbour. Published by the Universityof Khartounm, 1970. THE CONCEPT that the anti-Semitie leaders of South Africa, with their history asconvicted Nazis, should have good relations with the Starte of Israel. in whose collective mind thememories of Auschwiaz and the Hilterie massacres still loom large, seems at first sight to belong to theworld of fantasy than to the world of reality. Yet,' in particular over the past four years, it is a concept thathas steadily become one of reality.Apart from a pamphlet by Professor Richard Stevens, of Lincoln University, Pennsylvania, on therelations between the South African Governments sin~e 1948 and the South African Jewish community,this book by George Jabbour 'Settler colonialism in Southern Africa and the Middle East', is the first tostudy the topic of Israeli-South African relations. Jabbour has taken the two, together with Rhodesia, andhas attempted to draw parallels between the three, in the fields of their methods of es tablishment, thegaining of legislative power, their conflicts with the imperial power, in each case Britain, their legal systemby which the indigenous population has been controlled, the resistance to them and the internationalhostility.There seem, certainly, to be some parallels in these fields, and indeed, sinca the three are all essentiallysettler stales which rely for their existence on the maintenance of their control over the indigenouspopulation, this is to be expected. In some ways, however, thre bookr Is incor,iivt. No4et only is there afailure to assess the significance of divisions within the settle, community, repi resented in South Africa bythe Congress of Democrats and other, whites who support the liber-tion movemeet, and in Israel by suchgroaps as Matpen, who follow a sirmtal rote, but also in the field of the construction of a broad politicalmodel This, in fact, is a task that some political scientil might like to tackle, There have been individualstudies of settler states before, but the comparative study of them has not before been attempted. GeorgeJabbour ex plicitly states in his introduction that this is a task which he is not trying to do, but it remains atask nevertheless, that needs to be done.Moreover, some kind of comparison be tween the settler states which are either de facto or de lureindependent, and those which remain in the final analysis under imperial control, such as. Angola andMozambique, and pre independence Algeria, still needs to be attempted. If a broad model is applicable tothe independent states, then surely some modification of that model would provide a useful tool for,analysis of other settler communities.There have been for some years growing indications of relations between Israel and South Africa, despitethe anti-apartheid sentiments uttered by some of the Israeli leaders. The visit by Ben Gurion to Vorster, thatby the Chief of Staff of the Israeli Air Force to thd South African staff college in 1967 to lecture an theJune war and' its blitzkrieg tactics, the expansion of trade between the two coantries, especially since theformation of the Israeli-South African trade Association, the special concessions made by the SouthAfrican Government to allow the outflow of capital to Israel. the claims by fur.rillas in Angola that theyhive cap tured Israeli weapons from the Portugiese, and the reports from Palestinian sources that there, areSouth African military per sonnel operating with the Israeli armyall these seem inconceivable in terms ofthe pshlicly stated, and publicly assumed dier elrs. Yet with the backrourd of pafaltels beitween the Iwo'countries presented by Jabboers book. the links become sightly more espicable.The implicatoes of relations between Israel and South Africa pose rnous problems for the African liberationmovemeais Already as reported in precious assIr of Anti-Aprtheid Nes,, the PAIGC in Guinea haveaccused the Israelis at helping the Poritguese. and SWAPO's President. Sas

tNujomna, accused the Isr-1,South Africans during his tethe Fourt Committee of the Clearly the public image taken at face value. If the

real, then apartheid, its col and its satellites in Angola and Zimbabwe, have backis foreseen source thatenhance With Israel's influence. i Africa, from Congo (Kinsha *Coast and even Zambia, it c wishes, as amajor opponentGeorge Jabbour has paintof a picture of grave sign details can be filled in-a established above the broad identified - then not meSAfrica and the Arab worldbut the whole of the African such details-if availabler required.sof heiping the avoid the mounting thriat than an indeestimony before endent and prosperousneighbouringuN last autumn. Africa will represent, the Portuguese, aidedshould not he by equally desperate South Africans andconnections are neo'imperialists elsewhere, can be expected'ny in Namibia, to want to regain some kind of initiative by., Mozambique interfering in the internal affairs of Africanig from an un- countries. In other words, from a progress their stability. sive point of view, things inAfrica might n independent get worse, before they get better.s) to the Ivory But in.the end the natural course of hisan operate, if it' tory will bring the reckoning ofPortuguese of liberation, colonialism. The authors quote a phrase byted the iutilines the late Angolan rebel leader Americo ificance. If the Boavida from his book,pubished jn Brazil, nd if the linksi '5 Centuries of Portuguese Exploitation' parallels can be which is veryeloquent in its simplicity: rely Southern 'Tomorrow, or after tomorrow, Angola iswill be affected, going to change.' continent It is Only in the forties and fifties, indeed, asthat are now this book on 'Angola' clearly shows, no one,least of, all colonialist Portuguese, could, vistaalise a time when their African 'moleque': Peter Hellyerservants, would rie from the status of'bandits' and 'terrorists' to that of 'ideological enemies'. This revolutionary process, however slow, willinevitably lead to independence and no one would disagree witlhAngola, by Douglas Wheeler and Rese P elisder. Published by Pall Mali Library ofA rican Affairs. E3.75,IN LITTLE more than a decade, British and American authors have provided theE .nglish language with the best bibliography,on Portuguese-ruled African territories that.can be found anywhere in the world, in-.e eluding Portugal, where all that is regardedas un Portuguese is carefully kept unpublished in police and government records.Not that all non-Poruguese authors arreliable-a certain number of books haver been published that seem to have beenwritten on order by the Portuguese Information Office. But starting with the, pioneering books of BasilDavidson and, James Duffy, there is now a valuable: English-language library on the oldeet and' latest ofEuropean African empires. in point.of fact, with Penguin's books on Moambique, by the late Eduardo Mondlane, and Guinea.Bisau, by BasilDavidson, plus the numerous writings by the Guinean Amsslar, Cabral already translatedlinto English, thistbook on Angola is very timely.The associate authorship between anAmerican and a, Frenchman has worked' rather well. Although by no means written", from a 'revolutionary' point of view, it iscertainly progressive enough in its approach, to command respect. The concluding re"> marks on theinevitability of the independene of Angola, and warnings that the Angola situation might develop into aVietnam or Korean-like crisis, are the more eonsvincing as they seem to bearriyed at by two authors whowere clearly more concerned with analysis rather than opinion.From their study it emerges that thePortuguese have no military or political* solution to offer. That is what makes Portu-, guese imperialism sodangerous. Io order tothe late Americo Boavida that whether the Portaguese want it or not, freedom is at long last getting nearer.Antonio de Figueiredo

PanphletsIthodlesla: The Blritish Dilerna, byE E.K M. "Mlambus. Published by Internalonial Defence and Aid Fund,l5p. AFRICA has never loomed large o Edward Heath's list of interests, His onl' visit there appears to havebeen to former,*British colonies in East Africa before independence.. His reported remarks, while' 'leader of theOpposition, on Southern 'African affairs in relatZill to British policy, are scanty.This detachment before his election as Prime Minister seems to have lft him in ignorance of the potentialreaction when he took up Sir Alec Douglas-Home's early 'plea for a resumption of arms soles to 'SouthAfrica. He presumably did not rea'fise, when he embraced the issue so heartily, Ithat he would be busyarguing its merit up and down the world against united opposition, to the exclusion, as it seemed for severalmonths, of any other political activity.'Heath no P1oubt thought that matters Southern African generally had received too much attention and thata brisk agreement to arms sales with Vorster followed by the South African leader's help with tan-Smith in Rhodesia, would bring a speedy settlement of both problems with a mini-mum of fuss.The loud long and determined opposition to his arms sales policy has no doubt been the reason whywe.lave had to wait nine months before hearilg a Whisper of Rhodesia. . 1During the four and a half years that' Labour was responsible, for British policy 'towards the rebel regime,it was a Tory delusion, despite successive visits to Salisbury by Opposition MP's, that the lack ofagreement between the two countries was due to Harold Wilson's intransigleance. Heath, in'one of his rarereferendes to Rhodesia, told a meeting of Glasgow Tories last March, that he would have failed in his dutyif he did not make one more effort to reach a solution, on becoming Prime Minister. 'Our purpose will be tosee whether the (white) Rhodesians place value on the connection with Britain sufficient to induce them toagree to a settlement which is honourable and acceptable to both sides,' he. said.It is too much to hope that British officials engaged in the current talks about talks with Rhodesia willthemselves read, and urge the Prime Minister to read, the new pamphlet published by the Defence 'and AidFund, written by E. E. M. Mlambo,-called 'Rhodesia: the British Dilemma'. * FoT in it they would find all the reasolis .why there is noquestion that White Rhodesians will play footsy with Britain, Tory Government or no. if a settlement'honourable and acceptable to both sides' is in-sisted upon. Heath and the Tories do not' seem to haveunderstood that Harold Wilson with both his Tiger and his Fearless offers to Ian Smith went well beyondwhat many would call 'honourable and acceptable' arrangements. It was the rebels who were intransigent.Heath does 'not seem to have grasped that white Rhodesians believe what politicians soy, and they thinkthat an agreemnt on the basis of the five principles actually would involve 'unimpeded progress to majorityrule'.Agreement on the five principles, laid down, let us remember, by Sir Alec Douglas-Home himself when henegotiated' with the Rhodesian Front in 1963 and 1964, while still in office, is out of the question, andMlambo's booklet tracing the constitutional history of the colony spells why.The booklet comes at the right time. The negotiations now going on presumably mean that Rhodesia willonce again enjoy the political limelight. It has been some time since its last appearance, and some of thegruesome facts which form the bus of the dispule may have been forgotten by our readers, as they certainlyhave -by our rulers. - .. .. ...,A read through Defence and Aid's pamphlet will remind them of the repressive legislation preventingeffective political or industrial action -on the part of the black majority in Rhodesia, of how this legislationhA jiepn used to detain and imprison-thousands ,of opponents ot wane supremacy who still wait for their freedom: and will remind them aboveall of the direct British responsibility for the rotten social condition of Rhodesia over a hundred years.Anne DarboroughSouth African Studies No. 1- 5Guerilla., Warfare' is published by the African National Congress of SouthAfrica, and is obtainable from their ofie at 49 Ratsbooe Street, London WIA 4NL It is the first issue of aquarterly series. * WHY DID the liberation movement in South Africa adopt armed struggle? Why arethe forces of the African National Con *ges and the Zimbabwe African People't 'Union engaged in battle inZimbabwe. 'What art the prospects for revolution in South Africa? What form will the post-! .revolutionarysociety take?

Most supporters of the Anti-Apartheid. Movement will have been confronted with these questions at onetime or another. The' first edition of 'South African Studies', en-I tiied 'Guerrilla Warfare', goes a long wayltowards answering them.It consists of a series of communiques, discussion documents and first-hand accounts of the revolutionarystruggle for freedom in South Africa. For example, it contains the full text of the declaration of the ANC-ZAPU Military Alliance, and the subsequent statement by those two organisa tions to the Organisation forAfrican Unity. There is a report on the guerrilla activity in fre Wankie and Eastern areas of Zimbabwe byANC veterans of the battles which took place there. Discussion documents by Joe Matthews and Joe Slovodeal with the various subjective and objective factors. which the liberation movement took into account indeciding to launch armed struggle, and which show that the victory of .the revolution is certain, eventhough the path to it will be a long one.'Apartheid in South African Industry. 'Published by the South African Congress of Trade Unions, 49Rathbone St., London WI 'THIS short pamphlet shows how the apartheid system affects the lives andworking conditions of the majority of workers in South Africa.It outlines differentials in wage rates, in manufacturing where the average white worker earns £142 permonth and the average black worker £26, and in other sectors. It.describesSouth-Aftica's antistrikelegisottion;,the differentials in social security provisions for whites and for blacks; South Africa's colourbar legislation; restrictions on the freedom pf movement ofAfricans.AgermofhopeforEnoch Powell.THE TORY government's Immigration Bil is designed to keep black Commonwealth ciizens out of Britainand to let wite ones, including Rhodesiam, in. It introduces a system whereby black people must produceproof of their eligibility to live in Britain that can be compared with the South African pass laws. Rev.Wilfred Wood, a black clergyman who came to Britain in 1962 and is now working in West London,examines the effects of the Bill on Britain'sblack popunlation.A FEW DAYS ago I was in a train travelling 'from Balham to Victoria, and for once my mind waswrestling with a problem which had nothing to do with race relations in this country. The train paused atClapham Junction station, and in the comparative quiet I was able to hear the man in the next compartmentspeaking almost at the top of his voice: 'What we want,' he was affirming in tones that brooked noquestioning, 'are vigilantes patrolling the beeches, srned, and with the right to shoot in case of illegal''immigrants.' It is this kind of mentality that the 1971 Immigration Bill, now going through Parliament,not onlypanders to, but makes reasonable.For see how high a social priority thisgovernment places on the need to keep black people out that they propose to 'give police and ImmigrationOfficers the power to arrest without warrant and to search premises without warrant if they 'suspect that animmigration offence has been committed. In the case of murder, a warrant must be applied.for and ob-tained before an arrest can be made, but for an immigration offence, no warrant is necessary, and suspicionis enough.In order to bring immigration under control, this Bill now proposes to give to millions of people inAustralia, Canada, New Zealand, Rhodesia, the right (which at present they do not have) to come and settleand work in this country free of any control whatever on the grounds that they have a parent or grandparentwho was born in this country even though these people already enjoy the citienship of the countries inwhich they were born and where they now live. At the same time government denies this right to Britishcitizens who have no other citizenship and who, even now, must leave countries like Kenya and Uganda.Supporters of the Bill point out that there is nothing racialist about it: it is pure coincidence that the millionsnow given the riphlt, to come and go as they please are likely to be white, and that. those British citizenswho are being denied this right are likely to be non-white.Clause 29 of the Bill is the clause, in which Mr Powell sees a seed and germ of hope for the future (his verywords). This clause deals with repatriation, and Mr Powell has already pointed out that no one whofollowed the Conservative Party's campaign could suppose that assistance 'was to be limited forimmigrants who voluntarily applied for it.Spokesmen for the Bill are loud in asserting that it does not affect immigrants who are already here. Eitherthey believe that a black immigrant who ar-

rives in this country before July looks very different from a black 'immigrant who will arrive after July sothat it will not be necessary for police or Immigration Officers to question anyone to find out, or perhapsnew immigrants will be treated with some process which will be sensitive to detectors so that the rest of uswho look the same, speak in the same way and do from time to time also lose our way in the streets ofLondon, will be 'spared the embarrassment of having to explain over and over again to zealous policemenand Imigration Officers that even though we have never seen Buckingham Palace or the Tower of'Londonwe have in fact been in this countify longer than five years.It will be the final irony if while blacL people in South Africa are burning pasl books, black people in thiscountry wil be requesting them - for their own protection.It is when one considers the conditions attaching to the admission of an immi-, grant for employment thatone realises 'that this Bill will succeed in its political objectives, namely to create a system of control whichwill make it increasingly unattractive to be an immigrant in Britain, particularly an immigrant outwardlyidentifiable by colour.Such an immigrant will be admitted for one year only to a specific job in a specific place. For him to, breakthis contract is to' make himself liable to be ejected from the country. His contract must be renewed eachyear, and if after five. years, he wants to remain in this-country, he may apply for patrial status and provide proof of good character. If 'his application is turneddown, he cannot appeal.So. suffering the disadvantage of being a bad risk for hire-purchase, mortgage and other credit facilities,unable to question his employer about any dis,agreeable aspect of his employment .(since dismissal mightmean a 4,000-mile trip beck whence he came) attracting the contempt and hostility of his white fellowworkers who see him as scab labour undermining the concessions and rightis they have wrung out ofemployers, he must be a credit to the society in whichhe lives for eventually he will need toprovide proof ofgood character.Woe betide him if he stands up to a-gang of skin-heads and finds himself involved in a court case! And what odds .will you offer that the fifthextension of the work permit (opening the way for an application for permanent stay) may prove just a weebit elusive.In a few years the people who are now sponsoring and supporting this Bill will ;be saying that because oftheir humani-, tarian feelings for the poor immigrants who arebeing exploited by unscrupulous' men, fortheir own good no more immi, grants should be allowed to enter: it sl'ouldn't be fair to them! I ITHE R UNNYMEDE TRUS2 'is poducedh useful pamphlet which explains the peovisiqn :of theImmigration Bill. It is availabl from Thi Runnymede Trust 2 ArndeF St, It-ndon WC2R 3DA. ice lOp.

SA arms mission sneaks in by the back door.AS ANTI APARTHEID NEWS goet to press, I South Afncan arms shopping mission isstil touring Britain.It arrived here on or around March 17.It began by visiting the Ministry ofDef ence, and thnn went on a shopping sprie around a series of arms firms which certainly opa¢ludedWestland Aircaft at Yeovil, and pnbably British Aircraft Corporation at Bristol Yareow Shiphuilders otClydeside, Vosper Thorreycroft in Portsmouth,'and wHawker Siddetey n l ondon A l these firnismanutacure misitos, aircraft and frigates S whoch South Africa nould likt to huy"The Bitish govrimett has clearly beenanxions to conceal tlo tire state of British publc opinion on the arma ssue and to y' prevtnt any publicdisplay of anger at thevisit ofthe South African team. This x plains m ,hy the isit hai been hasbed up, and theatineary kept as a closely guarded secretSome sources have suggested that theguverument is entbarraased by the haste with wbch the SouthAfricanshavefollowed lup the pledge made bySir Alec DouglasHome on March 3 He stated then that'the governmrnt woald reserve its right to settweapons to South Africa beyond those ,Wasp hetcoplers whach at claims t is obliged to "sil under theSamonatown AgreementBut af the misason was going -to be an

embarrasmet, then at cold have hen told that it was not welcome. The Tories appear to he plungogahead'with their plats to sell radar eqtipmevt, missile,shtps, aircraft and whatever else the mission dtcidts itWats.nt of thr first orders which the SouthAfricans milt probably place will be with British Asr raft torporation. It was disclosed sa March that BACwas already workting on plats for a guided misile system for SouthAfrica.According to some reports, the system will include Thunderhrd ground-to-air missiles, and ancillaryradar equipment.Accordag.to otrs, it ticlúdes thr wort expnnste and sopliasticated BAC Rapier massie. Either may, Plesseyand sobiadiaraev of the gant GEC-g sh Etecit ic cemHnewill be.susolvrd in the contract with BACAt the vamr time av.it haa given the gq ahead for the negotiation of wort arma contracis, the goernment ivprtparirg to open talks with the Smith regine. Peepaations for the talks - to be held, iv Cape Towanow aremto be far advanced. The Bntivh ambassador in South Africa, Sar Arthur Snellig, tros bern recalled toLondot for iat conaultations,At home, the Toris avue ahown ther mereasang commitment to white supremacy, South Afncan.style, bythe introdation of the racist Immigraion Bill. ANTIAPARTHEID NEWS has consstently pointd out that thepreservatio of bridges between Britain and the whites in Southern Africa Will lead to a strengthening ofthe racialist lobby within this country. It is the clear duty of thos who oppose racialisn to oppose itwelever it occurs.As the racalast offenvive gathers momen tum, the ore consolation which We hase is that opposition to thegovernment's polcy of racasm at home and abroad wil ao gather strength. Activists within the AntApartheidMovenment Will share the task of channelling that opposition into effective action.Top: Opponerts of the supply of Wasp helleopter to 5 Above: lihe wall of the Westland factory, whichoverlo apårtleid supporters with the slogans 'No arins for SASoledad Defence FundSUNDAY APRIL18MERMAID THEATREConcert IntrQduced by Bernadette Devlin, with Cy Grant, Annie Ross, the Dudu Pukwana Sextet, GingerJohnson and his Aftican Drummers.TUESDAY APRIL20 6-10pm .CENTRAL HALLSPEAKERS: JAMES BALDWINMRS. JACKSON JOHN THORNEFunher information: 607 7633World PremiéreBEHIND THE LINES(filmed in the liberated areas of Mozambique) andTHE FIRST COMMUNESunday May23 2.30 pm Paris Pullman, Drayton Gardens, swiOTubae: Gloucester RoadDoors open: 2pmTickets available from Committee for Freedom in Mozambique, Angola and Guine, 531 Caledonian Rd.,London N.7 or Anti-Apartheid Movement, 89 Charlotte St., W.Procteds to the Committee for Frendom in Mozambique, Angola and Guine.Conference for teachers and studebtsTeaching about Sout Kingsway Day College, Sidi Saturday May 15 Details: AAMAn Evening of Folk, Film and Poetry GOODMAYES METHODIST CHURCHPercy Road., Goodmayes, Essex. (Nearest station: Goodatyes)SATURDAY APRIL 10 8 pmFilm: 'End of Dialogue' Folk: Shirjey Bland Poetry: Tully PotterAdmission 2Sp. Proceeds in aid of the Anti-Apartheid Movement.JointheAnti-Apartheid Movement.Receive ANTI-APARTIH EID NEWS and regular inforrmation on anti-apartheid actK ities. NadmeAddressTelephone

Metnbership t] pa. 10 - for tuaents. Affilidtion: £20 etudetit union: £5 nationai organisations; £2 localorganisations.Anti-Apartheid Movement, 89 Charlotte Stree[, London WIP 2DQ Tel: 01-580 5311.Published by the Anti-Apartheid Movement, 89 Charlotte St. London W 1 and printed by SW (Litho)Printers Ltd. (TU), 6 Cottons Gardens, London E 7-