anti microbial resistances challenges and solutions

PRESENTED BYMOHIT BANSALIV YEAR B.V.SC. & A.H.RAGACOVAS

ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE -

CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS

The strength of trillions upon

trillions of

micro-organism , combined with

ancient force of evolution will

inevitably

over power our drugs

Darwin's Theory

The evolution of microorganism is Darwinian : in the face of change , THE FITTEST SURVIVES

ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE

It is the ability of micro-organism to survive concentration of antibiotic that is sensitive to cells of same strain.

When a sensitive strain gain the ability

to withstand an antibiotic, its an antibiotic resistant

Mechanism of action of different antibiotics

Mechanism of action of antibiotic resistance

Recent challenges

MDR-TB & XDR –TB

MRSA

Vancomycin resistant Enterococci

Beta lactamase NDM-I

Antibiotic resistant E.coli

MRSA

MDR-TB & XDR-TB

NDM-1

ESBLs are beta-lactamases that hydrolyze extended-spectrum cephalosporins with an oxyimino side chain.

The ESBLs are frequently plasmid encoded.

Causes of development

of antimicrobial

resistance

INAPPROPRIATE AND IRRATIONAL USE OF ANTIBIOTICS

Weak or absence of surveillance and monitoring

system

Inappropriate use of antibiotics in livestock as growth promoters

Depleted arsenals of

Diagnostics

Vaccines

Global Concern

Failure of response to standard treatment

Hampers the control of infectious diseases

Increase in cost of health care

Threatens a return to pre- antibiotic era

Jeopardizes health care gains to society

SOLUTIONS QUORUM SENSING- confers virulence,

conjugation,sporulation & biofilm formation. Q.S. can acts as potential target for antimicrobial resistance bacteria

Vaccination

Use of narrow spectrum antibiotics

Rapid diagnostic tests

Antibiotic susceptibility test

Rational usage of antibiotics

CONCLUSION

There is a need to extend the capabilities of antimicrobial therapies, to develop drugs that destroy pathogens and also undermine resistance mechanism in more effective way.

Thank you