animal unit ms. skinner. alveoli—the part of the udder that manufactures milk. bos...
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Cattle
Animal UnitMs. Skinner
Vocabulary
Alveoli—the part of the udder that manufactures milk.
Bos indicus—humped cattle found in tropical countries.
Bos taurus—domestic cattle originating from the Aurochs or Celtic Shorthorn.
BST—a hormone produced naturally by the pituitary gland of the cow
BSE—degenerative disease that affects the central nervous system of cattle . (aka Mad Cow)
Bull—A male bovine of any age that has not been castrated.
Vocabulary
Calf—a beef animal under one year of age.
Castration—the removal of testicles of a male animal.
Cattle—beef animals over one year of age.
Cow—a female bovine that has had one or more calves; or an older female that has matured.
Cow Index—in dairy cattle, a method of evaluating the genetic value of dairy cows
Dewlap—hanging fold of skin under the neck of animals. (cattle & goats)
Vocabulary
Feeder Calf—a weaned calf that is under on year of age and is sold to be fed for more growth.
Grass-fed—a diet of completely grasses or pasture feed.
Heifer—a female bovine that as now had a calf or has not matured.
Marbling—the presence and distribution of fat and lean in a cut of meat.
Polled—not having horns.
Reproduction—the production of offspring.
Vocabulary
Roughage—a feed containing more than 18% crude fiber when dry. Ex: hay, silage, pasture
Slaughter calves—calves that are between 3 months and one year of age when slaughtered.
Steer—a male bovine that is castrated before reaching sexual maturity.
Teat—the outlet for milk produced in the udder.
Udder—the milk-producing gland of mammals.
Veal—calves younger than 3 months of age sold for slaughter.
1493
The Spanish brought the first longhorn cattle to America.
1611
European dairy cattle arrived in Jamestown Colony and helped end sever starvation.
1623
2 Devon Heifers & 1 Devon Bull imported to Plymouth Colony from Britain.
1812
Dolly Madison served ice cream at the white House inaugural ball.
1817
First Hereford cattle imported to the United States by Henry Clay of Kentucky.
1852
Massachusetts breeder purchased one of the first Holstein cows from a Dutch sailing master at Boston.
1873
George Grant transported 4 Angus bulls from Scotland to Victoria, Kansas.
1895
Commercial pasteurization machines were first introduced.
CATTLE BY-PRODUCTS
Normal
Meat• Steak• Some sausages• Brisket• Roasts • Ground beef
Dairy• Milk• Ice cream• Yogurt• Butter• Cheese
Cattle Breeds
Holstein
Holstein
History: From the Netherlands. Breed is 2,000 years old.
Characteristics: Good mothers, cattle poster child.
Main Uses: Milk production
Hereford
Hereford
History: Originated in England. First purebred in US in 1840.
Characteristics: Good mothering, good to cross, good in cold conditions
Main Uses: Beef production
Jersey
Jersey
History: Originated on Isle of Jersey. Earliest US importation to US in 1815.
Characteristics: Good mothering Main Uses: Milk production
Angus
Angus
History: Earliest known in 1700s. Moved to Midwestern states, popular in range areas.
Characteristics: Good beef, good mothering, easy to crossbreed.
Main Uses: High-quality, well-marbled meat.
Braford
Braford
History: Crossbreed between Brahman and Hereford
Characteristics: Good mothering, insect tolerant, survive in droughts
Main Uses: Beef
Longhorn
Longhorn
History: Brought in from Spanish. Almost went extinct in 1900s.
Characteristics: Low-cholesterol meat, good in drought, symbol of Texas
Main Uses: Pets & Beef
QUIZ
Quiz—Open Note
1. What is defined as “in dairy cattle, a method of evaluating the genetic value of dairy cows”?
2. In what year did Dolly Madison served ice cream at the White House inaugural ball?
3. Which breed is from the Netherlands. Breed is 2,000 years old?
4. Which breed was earliest US imported to US in 1815?
Quiz—Open Note
5. Which breed is a good mother, good to cross, good in cold conditions?
6. Which breed is a cross between a Brahman and Hereford?
7. Which breed is known as a symbol of Texas?
8. Which breed is known for their high-quality, well-marbled meat?
9.
10.
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