ancient civilizations of the americas lecture 12 the rise and fall of monte albán
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Monte Albán IIIA 300-500 AD
•Population of Monte Albán grows to 16,500.
•Population of Oaxaca quadruples to 115,000.
•Population of the Etla arm drops – soil depletion?
•More buildings erected on leveled mountaintop, including South Plaza.
•Domain of Zapotec state diminishes with the growth of Teotihuacan – withdrawal from Cuicatlán.
•Specialization increases and a market is established at the base of Monte Albán.
Monte Albán’s foreign contacts
Lápida de Bazan from Mound X by the main plaza
Emmisary in Teotihuacano attire
Eight Turquoise
Monte Albán king Three Turquoise
Monte Albán IIIB 500-750 AD
•Monte Albán’s population reaches 25,000.
•Population of the Southern Valley collapses, centers like Jalieza, are abandoned.
•Massive construction takes place on the north and south platforms.
•All ceramic production takes place in centers with monumental construction.
Zapotec Hieroglyphics
The hieroglyphic script is unique
and appears in the Valley of
Oaxaca 350 years before it
does among the Maya, at
500 BC.
“One Earthquake”
Zapotec Religion
Zapotec religion embraced a single creator god which had multiple manifestations
Cocijo – Storm/rain god.
Cozoli – Maize god.
Copijza – Sun god.
Belzelao – Fertility God
Cocijo is also a 65 day
segment of the sacred
260 day calendar (Piyo).
Gods common to other Mesoamerican Cultures:
Elderly God
Sits at the center of
Cosmic cords that run
to the cardinal directions.
This is a portal to the
underworld
Monte Albán IV 750-1000 AD
The Fall of Monte Albán
•Major construction at Monte Albán ceases 700 AD.
•Great plaza no longer in use by 800 AD.
•Population drops to 4,000.
•Population of the Valley of Oaxaca drops to 70,000.
•Precincts are defended by walls.
•Population expands in Valle Grande and Tlacolula, and drops in Etla branch.
•Jalieza becomes the largest site in the valley (pop. 16,000).
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